Deck 18: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Question 1

Lyme disease involves ________.

A)early symptoms of fever,headache,and stiff neck
B)crippling polyarthritis,and cardiovascular and neurological problems
C)people having contact with ticks
D)treatment with antimicrobials
E)All of the choices are correct.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The presence of viruses in the blood is called ________.

A)viremia
B)fungemia
C)hemovirus
D)bacteremia
E)septicemia

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The common causative agent of acute endocarditis is ________.

A)Staphylococcus aureus
B)Streptococcus pneumoniae
C)Streptococcus pyogenes
D)Neisseria gonorrhoeae
E)All of the choices are correct.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

The fibrous sac that encloses the heart is the ________.

A)epicardium
B)myocardium
C)endocardium
D)pericardium
E)ectocardium

Question 5

Control of rodent populations is important for preventing ________.

A)brucellosis
B)plague
C)malaria
D)Q fever
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 6

Which is not associated with tularemia?

A)A zoonosis
B)Mammals are the chief reservoir
C)A gram-positive bacterium
D)Symptoms include fever,swollen lymph nodes,ulcerative lesions,conjunctivitis,and pneumonia
E)Sometimes called rabbit fever

Question 7

Most cases of septicemia are caused by ________.

A)fungi
B)viruses
C)prions
D)bacteria
E)protozoans

Question 8

________ occurs when bacteria flourish and grow in the bloodstream.

A)Viremia
B)Fungemia
C)Hemovirus
D)Bacteremia
E)Septicemia

Question 9

The causative agent of Lyme disease is ________.

A)Ixodes scapularis
B)Borrelia hermsii
C)Borrelia burgdorferi
D)Ixodes pacificus
E)Leptospira interrogans

Question 10

Which of the following is not true of septicemia?

A)Fever and shaking chills
B)Respiratory acidosis
C)Endotoxic shock
D)Parenteral or endogenous transfer
E)Drop in blood pressure

Question 11

Bubonic plague is transmitted by ________.

A)mosquitos
B)flies
C)animal bites
D)sexual contact
E)fleas

Question 12

Rabbits and other rodents are the reservoirs of the causative agent of ________.

A)tularemia
B)anthrax
C)malaria
D)brucellosis
E)mononucleosis

Question 13

Yersinia pestis ________.

A)was virulent in the Middle Ages but is no longer virulent
B)has humans as an endemic reservoir
C)does not respond to antimicrobial drugs
D)is usually transmitted by a flea vector
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 14

Plague includes ________.

A)septicemic form; called Black Death
B)bubonic form; buboes develop
C)pneumonic form; sputum highly contagious
D)disease control; control of rodent population
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 15

Erythema migrans,a bull's-eye rash,at the portal of entry is associated with ________.

A)plague
B)Rocky Mountain spotted fever
C)Q fever
D)Lyme disease
E)yellow fever

Question 16

Which is incorrect about Yersinia pestis?

A)Exhibits bipolar staining
B)Gram-negative rod
C)Transmitted by fleas
D)Has a capsule
E)Produces enterotoxin

Question 17

All of the following are associated with subacute endocarditis except ________.

A)occurs in patients that have prior heart damage
B)caused by immune system autoantibodies that attack heart and valve tissue
C)oral bacteria get introduced by dental procedures to the blood
D)bacteria colonize previously damaged heart tissue resulting in a vegetation
E)signs and symptoms include fever,heart murmur,and possible emboli

Question 18

Acute endocarditis is most commonly contracted through ________.

A)ingestion
B)parenteral entry
C)casual contact
D)droplets
E)fomites

Question 19

All of the following are associated with bubonic plague except ________.

A)transmitted by human feces
B)caused by Yersinia pestis
C)patient often has enlarged inguinal lymph nodes
D)patient has fever,headache,nausea,and weakness
E)can progress to a septicemia

Question 20

The white-footed mouse,deer,and deer ticks are important to maintaining the transmission cycle associated with ________.

A)Lyme disease
B)yellow fever
C)Q fever
D)Rocky Mountain spotted fever
E)plague

Question 21

Rocky Mountain spotted fever ________.

A)is seen in highest numbers along the west coast
B)is transmitted by Ixodes ticks
C)symptoms include fever,headache,and rash
D)never has severe complications
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 22

Which is incorrect regarding Q fever?

A)Transmitted by lice
B)Pathogen produces resistant spores
C)Humans infected from unpasteurized milk and airborne spread
D)Causes fever,muscle aches,rash,and sometimes pneumonia
E)Is a zoonosis

Question 23

Which of the following is not true of Ebola and Marburg?

A)Caused by filoviruses
B)Disruption of clotting factors
C)Transmitted by direct contact with body fluids
D)Transmitted by mosquitoes
E)There is no treatment for these viruses

Question 24

Lyme disease is transmitted by ________.

A)flies
B)droplets
C)lice
D)fleas
E)ticks

Question 25

Which of the following requires direct contact with infected body fluids?

A)Yellow fever
B)Dengue fever
C)Ehrlichiosis
D)Lassa fever
E)Chikungunya

Question 26

Which type of hemorrhagic fever can be treated with ribavirin?

A)Lassa fever
B)Ebola
C)Marburg
D)Dengue fever
E)Yellow fever

Question 27

Pasteurization of milk helps to prevent ________.

A)tularemia
B)plague
C)endocarditis
D)brucellosis
E)mononucleosis

Question 28

Which of the following is a hemorrhagic fever?

A)Yellow fever
B)Ehrlichiosis
C)Q fever
D)Rocky Mountain spotted fever
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 29

Which of the following is mismatched?

A)Yersinia pestis-plague
B)Coxiella burnetii-Q fever
C)Brucellosis melitensis-undulating fever
D)Bartonella henselae-cat-scratch disease
E)Rickettsia typhi-Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Question 30

The reservoir for Lassa fever is the ________.

A)monkey
B)rat
C)gorilla
D)cat
E)cattle

Question 31

Symptoms of infectious mononucleosis include ________.

A)vesicular lesions in oral mucosa
B)fever and pocks on skin
C)sore throat,fever,cervical lymphadenopathy,and splenomegaly
D)fever,severe diarrhea,pneumonitis,hepatitis,and retinitis
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 32

The gram-negative bacillus associated with abscesses from cat bites or scratches is ________.

A)Salmonella typhimurium
B)Yersinia enterocolitica
C)Bartonella henselae
D)Brucella suis
E)Francisella tularensis

Question 33

Epstein-Barr virus has the following characteristics except it ________.

A)is more commonly found in adults
B)is transmitted by direct oral contact and saliva
C)produces sudden leukocytosis
D)has a 30- to 50-day incubation
E)can be transmitted by contaminated blood transfusions and organ transplants

Question 34

Which type of hemorrhagic fever is also known as "breakbone fever" because of the severe pain in bones?

A)Lassa fever
B)Ebola
C)Marburg
D)Dengue fever
E)Yellow fever

Question 35

Yellow fever and dengue fever are ________.

A)caused by arboviruses
B)caused by viruses that disrupt capillaries and blood clotting
C)zoonoses
D)transmitted by a mosquito vector
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 36

Brucellosis is ________.

A)a zoonosis
B)seen in the patient as a fluctuating fever,with headache,muscle pain,and weakness
C)also known as undulant fever
D)an occupational illness of people who work with animals
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 37

Which is incorrect about malaria?

A)Merozoites enter and multiply in liver cells.
B)Trophozoites develop in RBCs.
C)The mosquito inoculates human blood with sporozoites.
D)Gametocytes enter the mosquito as she draws a blood meal from a human.
E)Cerebral malaria is a potential serious complication.

Question 38

The cyclic bouts of fever and chills in malaria are caused by ________.

A)liver cell lysis
B)white blood cell lysis
C)red blood cell lysis
D)neurological involvement
E)None of the choices are correct.

Question 39

Cat-scratch fever can be prevented by ________.

A)avoiding ticks
B)pasteurizing milk
C)vaccine
D)animal control
E)cleaning the scratch wound

Question 40

The symptoms that occur in cyclic 48- to 72- hour episodes in a malaria patient are ________.

A)bloody,mucus-filled stools,fever,diarrhea,and weight loss
B)fever,swollen lymph nodes,and joint pain
C)urinary frequency and pain,and vaginal discharge
D)chills,fever,and sweating
E)sore throat,low-grade fever,and swollen lymph nodes

Question 41

The causative organism of malaria is a ________.

A)bacterium
B)virus
C)fungus
D)protozoan
E)prion

Question 42

A vaccine for Lyme disease is available.

Question 43

All of the following pertain to patients with AIDS except they ________.

A)have an immunodeficiency
B)have CD4 T-cell titers below 200 cells/mm³ of blood
C)get repeated,life-threatening opportunistic infections
D)can get unusual cancers and neurological disorders
E)have the highest number of cases worldwide in the United States

Question 44

A frequent cancer that is seen in AIDS patients is ________.

A)leukemia
B)Hodgkin's lymphoma
C)Kaposi's sarcoma
D)melanoma
E)myeloma

Question 45

The cardiovascular and lymphatic systems have limited or no normal biota.

Question 46

Which new class of drugs will interfere with docking onto host cells?

A)Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
B)Protease inhibitors
C)Fusion inhibitors
D)Integrase inhibitors
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 47

Characteristics of Bacillus anthracis include all the following except ________.

A)capsule and exotoxins are virulence factors
B)a one-time vaccine provides lifelong immunity
C)reservoir includes infected grazing animals and contaminated soil
D)gram-positive bacillus
E)spore former

Question 48

Aedes mosquitoes are the vectors involved in yellow fever and dengue fever.

Question 49

Rifampin is the drug of choice for malaria.

Question 50

A common cardiovascular/lymph system disease in AIDS patients is ________.

A)acute endocarditis
B)Burkitt's lymphoma
C)herpes simplex virus
D)ehrlichioses
E)brucellosis

Question 51

Which drugs interfere with the action of an HIV enzyme needed for final assembly and maturation of the virus?

A)Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
B)Protease inhibitors
C)Fusion inhibitors
D)Integrase inhibitors
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 52

All of the following pertain to HIV except ________.

A)attaches primarily to host cells with CD4 receptors
B)initial infection often associated with vague symptoms
C)becomes latent in host cells
D)ELISA and Western blot tests detect HIV antigens
E)can enter into nervous tissues and cause abnormalities

Question 53

Documented transmission of HIV involves ________.

A)mosquitoes
B)unprotected sexual intercourse and contact with blood/blood products
C)respiratory droplets
D)contaminated food
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 54

Plague is a zoonotic disease.

Question 55

In severe cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever,the enlarged lesions of the rash can become necrotic and predispose the patient to gangrene of toes and fingertips.

Question 56

The highest numbers of cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever occur along the eastern seaboard.

Question 57

Anthrax is ________.

A)a zoonosis
B)transmitted by contact,inhalation,and ingestion
C)a disease that,in humans,can cause a rapidly fatal toxemia and septicemia
D)only seen sporadically in the United States
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 58

Lyme disease is only seen in people living in Lyme,Connecticut.

Question 59

Malaria may be prevented by ________.

A)using bed nets sprayed with insecticide
B)eliminating standing water
C)taking prophylactic drugs
D)decreasing the mosquito population
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 60

Retroviruses have the following characteristics except ________.

A)glycoprotein spikes
B)DNA genome
C)enveloped
D)reverse transcriptase
E)viral genes integrate into the host genome

Question 61

The greatest rise in new HIV infections throughout the world is in the homosexual male population.

Question 62

The lymphatic system is a major defense system in the body; it renders surveillance,recognition,and protection against foreign materials through a system of lymphocytes,phagocytes,and antibodies.

Question 63

If the medical team had the ability to perform more thorough blood tests,what would the nurse expect to find?  

A)Hyperglycemia,increased RBC count
B)Hyperglycemia,decreased RBC count
C)Hypoglycemia,increased RBC count
D)Hypoglycemia,decreased RBC count

Question 64

Due to the efficiency of the lymphatic system and the inaccessibility to microbes,data from the Human Microbiome Project confirmed that the cardiovascular system lacks microbiota in the healthy state.

Question 65

Anthrax is easy to diagnose and treat because the manifestations are localized to a single tissue and specific in nature.

Question 66

Since the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems are not directly accessible to microbes ________.

A)it was initially believed that the systems lacked normal biota,however the Human Microbiome Project suggests that low levels of microbes may exist in the healthy state
B)both systems are sterile in the healthy state
C)the abundant microbiota enter via the gastrointestinal tract then cross the blood vessels
D)the Human Microbiome Project confirmed that only pathogens exist in both systems

Question 67

While the cardiovascular system can be breached by microorganisms,mechanisms are in place to prevent infection.  These include ________.

A)a close association with the lymphatic system which screens and filters the blood
B)blood vessels that are impermeable to microorganisms
C)toxic chemicals that will kill any microbes that enter the bloodstream
D)a connective tissue fibrous mesh that filters the blood within the vessels,preventing pathogens from circulating

Question 68

Which of the following medications would the nurse expect to be ordered for this patient?  

A)Chloroquine
B)Vancomycin
C)Artemisinin
D)Acyclovir

Question 69

Bacillus anthracis exhibits characteristics that make it a model organism to be exploited as an agent of bioterrorism.  Those characteristics include ________.

A)the ability to form endospores,allowing it to be stored for long periods of time without nutrients or water
B)the ability to infect and cause disease in several body systems including the lungs,cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal tract
C)the ability to produce a tripartite toxin and polypeptide capsule as virulence factors
D)difficulty diagnosing and therefore treating because the manifestations mimic other,more common diseases
E)All of the choices reflect characteristics that make B.anthracis a candidate for bioterrorism.

Question 70

The nurse provides education to the woman's family regarding malaria prevention.All of the following are recommended,except ________.

A)washing all bedding and clothing in hot water
B)eliminating areas of stagnant water
C)use of bed nets
D)prophylactic antimalarials

Question 71

Which of the following statements is true concerning the epidemiology of malaria?

A)Malaria transmission is restricted to an area encompassing the equator,largely due to control of mosquito populations.
B)Malaria is an endemic disease throughout the world.
C)The majority of new malaria cases each year are in South America.
D)The elderly are the most at risk population for death from malaria.

Question 72

Which of the following statements is false concerning the epidemiology of malaria?

A)Malaria has been eradicated from the United States.
B)The majority of malaria cases are restricted to a band encompassing the equator.
C)Africa sees the highest incidence of malaria in the world.
D)Children and young adults are the most at-risk population for malaria.

Question 73

Which of the statements is incorrect regarding the similarities and differences between the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems?

A)Although the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems run virtually parallel to each other,blood and lymphatic fluid never mixes.
B)Both the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system comprise a series of vessels that run roughly parallel to each other.
C)The cardiovascular system is a closed circuit,whereas the lymphatic system directs fluid in one direction only.
D)The cardiovascular system has a pump (the heart)to circulate blood,whereas the lymphatic system has no pumping mechanism.

Question 74

Under normal healthy circumstances the lymphatic system filters any microorganisms present.

Question 75

The cardiovascular and lymphatic systems are both circulatory in nature.

Question 76

Nowadays,HIV is more of a chronic disease than the death sentence it was when it first emerged in the 1980s.  In addition to lifesaving medications,education and testing has also lowered the number of new cases annually.This means that in general ________.

A)incidence is decreasing and prevalence is increasing
B)prevalence is decreasing and incidence is increasing
C)incidence and prevalence are both increasing
D)incidence and prevalence are both decreasing

Question 77

What is the cause of the cyclical nature of the woman's symptoms?  

A)She is being reinfected by a vector as she begins to recover.
B)The village doctor's treatments are working intermittently.
C)Her symptoms reflect the synchronous rupture of RBCs.
D)Her liver is failing in stages,and the symptoms coincide.

Question 78

If pharmacological treatment is not successful,what may be the ultimate cause of death?

A)Malaremia
B)Multiorgan failure
C)Seizures
D)Respiratory arrest

Question 79

Which of the following is true regarding HIV cases in the United States?

A)HIV in the United States represents approximately 3.2% of cases worldwide.
B)The % of new HIV cases is increasing each year.
C)The majority of newly-diagnosed cases in 2015 were in the Latino population.
D)Heterosexual transmission of HIV is decreasing in the United States.

Question 80

Of the 200 million new cases of malaria each year,10% are in areas that roughly span the equator outside of the African continent.