Deck 9: Cocaine Abuse and Dependence

Question 1

When abused, cocaine's effects seem to be strongest when

A) the blood levels are stable.
B) the blood levels are rising.
C) the blood levels are falling.
D) none of the above.

Answer 1

the blood levels are rising.

Question 2

About percent of people who try cocaine will ultimately become addicted.

A) 15
B) 25
C) 50
D) 75

Answer 2

15

Question 3

It is estimated that people in the United States have abused cocaine at least once, according to your text.

A) around 30 million
B) an estimated 16 million
C) approximately 52 million
D) about 21 percent of

Answer 3

around 30 million

Question 4

For some time, Freud considered cocaine as a possible treatment for

A) depression.
B) social anxiety.
C) mania.
D) hallucinations.

Question 5

How are coca leaves typically used?

A) Crushed into capsules
B) Injected
C) Snorted
D) Chewed

Question 6

What professionals still use cocaine medically?

A) Ear-nose-throat specialists
B) Psychiatrists
C) Oral surgeons
D) Orthopedic surgeons

Question 7

Which of the follow acts prohibited the use of cocaine for non-medical reasons?

A) The Pure Food and Drug Act
B) The Harrison Narcotic Act
C) The Omnibus Drug Act
D) The Comprehensive Drug Abuse & Prevention Control Act

Question 8

To avoid the bitter taste when chewing the leaves of the coca plant, indigenous people also

A) chew calcium obtained from sea shells.
B) chew lime obtained from sea shells.
C) mix sea salt with the leaves of certain trees and chew the wad for awhile.
D) soak coca leaves with seaweed in a vat filled with water and slowly heat the vat until it begins to boil, let it cool, and then chew the coca leaves.

Question 9

During the most recent resurgence of cocaine abuse in the United States, what year did cocaine abuse peak?

A) 1969
B) 1974
C) 1986
D) 1991

Question 10

Who originally believed that cocaine could be an effective treatment for depression, then recanted this position?

A) Adolf Hitler
B) Carl Rogers
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Carl Jung

Question 11

Albert Neiman

A) first described the practice of chewing coca leaves in anthropological journals for European scientists.
B) determined the exact chemical structure of the lime obtained from sea shells.
C) isolated cocaine from the coca leaf.
D) helped establish a railroad into the high mountains of South America to allow cocaine to be shipped to the coast, and from there to the rest of the world.

Question 12

It is impossible to use crack intravenously.

Question 13

According to your text, taking cocaine with increases the user's risk of sudden cardiac death 18 fold compared to taking cocaine alone.

A) marijuana
B) heroin
C) methamphetamine
D) alcohol

Question 14

The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906

A) merely required that manufacturers of a product list the ingredients of that product on a label.
B) prohibited the use of cocaine unless prescribed by a physician.
C) required a detailed list of the compounds in a product, their method of manufacture and their relative proportions in the product.
D) identified cocaine as a "narcotic."

Question 15

Coca-cola, which was introduced as a , contained small amounts of cocaine and was developed because _.

A) treatment for delusional thinking; it helped to calm the patient
B) depressant; alcohol use was banned on Sundays and cocaine's depressant effects could replace those of alcohol
C) temperance drink; alcohol use was banned on Sundays
D) substitute for water; local water was considered impure for consumption

Question 16

By the middle of the 1980s, the cocaine distribution and sales system had evolved into

A) one that accounted for 5 percent of the Gross National Product.
B) one that rivaled the political scandal of the "Teapot Dome" incident earlier in U.S. history.
C) the seventh largest industry of its time.
D) a relatively small industry that was mostly ignored by mainstream media.

Question 17

According to a study cited in your text, percent of heart attacks in people ages 18-45 may be cocaine- related.

A) 5
B) 15
C) 25
D) 50

Question 18

"Crack" cocaine was designed and marketed for

A) oral ingestion.
B) smoking.
C) intravenous injection.
D) snorting.

Question 19

The pattern of cocaine abuse in the United States has been cyclical.

Question 20

According to your text, cocaine's pleasurable effects are thought to reflect its ability to in the brain.

A) force the release of dopamine from neurons in the reward system
B) force the release of acetylcholine from neurons involved in the reward cascade
C) block the reabsorption of acetylcholine in the limbic system after release
D) produce metabolites with psychoactive effects

Question 21

What are the current medical uses of cocaine?

Question 22

The theory that cocaine use can contribute to liver damage

A) has been confirmed by research studies but not widely known by the general public.
B) tends to be proven only in abusers who suffer an acute aortic dissection.
C) is controversial at this time.
D) has only recently been proposed.

Question 23

A cocaine abuser's risk of suffering a stroke might be than that of a nonabuser.

A) 50 times higher
B) 5 times higher
C) 30 times higher
D) 14 times higher

Question 24

Describe the various methods of cocaine abuse.

Question 25

The half-life of cocaine is thought to be

A) 4-5 hours.
B) 30-90 minutes.
C) 20 minutes.
D) dependent on the method by which it is administered.

Question 26

Following the "flash" or "rush" experience, intravenous cocaine abusers will then experience lasting for 10-15 minutes.

A) a sense of euphoria
B) introversion with new psychological insights
C) extroversion and intense desire to be around others
D) extreme vulnerability

Question 27

"Insufflation" is a technical term for the process of

A) causing the price of illicit cocaine to go up.
B) causing the heart rate to go up after cocaine is injected.
C) "snorting" cocaine powder.
D) mixing cocaine with water for intravenous injection.

Question 28

Which of the following is not a cardiovascular complication that can result from cocaine abuse?

A) Cardiomyopathy
B) Sudden aortic dissecton
C) Heart attack
D) Pulmonary hypotension

Question 29

After periods of prolonged cocaine abuse, the individual will fall into a state of depression that might reach

A) anorexic proportions.
B) suicidal proportions.
C) the point where person wants to substitute other short-acting CNS depressants for cocaine.
D) bliss and euphoria.

Question 30

According to your text, the current theory is that cocaine's rewarding effects reflect its ability to influence the receptor site in the brain.

A) Serotonin 5-HT3
B) Dopamine D2
C) Dopamine D1
D) Dopamine D18

Question 31

Homicide appears to be the cause of percent of the deaths of cocaine abusers who die as a result of their cocaine abuse.

A) 10
B) 15
C) 25
D) 20

Question 32

Chronic bronchiolitis is also known as

A) cotton fever.
B) crack lung.
C) skin abscesses that form at injection site from non-sterile needles and lack of adequate sanitary preparation of injection site.
D) cocaine-related plaque buildup around the heart.

Question 33

Discuss the effects of cocaine abuse on emotions and perceptions.

Question 34

Cocaine is a factor in of all deaths that result from illicit drug use, according to your text.

A) 10-20 percent
B) 30-40 percent
C) 40-50 percent
D) 50-60 percent

Question 35

Discuss the three distinct cocaine "epidemics" that have occurred in the United States.

Question 36

Cocaine induced cardiac problems

A) follow a fairly predictable pattern of plaque buildup breakdown, leaving the vein wall weakened and vulnerable to rupture.
B) do not follow a recognized pattern.
C) are seen only in younger abusers of cocaine whose hearts are not used to sudden stress.
D) are seen only in older abusers, who have impaired blood flow through cerebral arteries.

Question 37

When injected into a blood vessel, the abuser will begin to feel cocaine's effects

A) in 45-60 seconds.
B) in 15 seconds.
C) in 2-3 minutes.
D) almost instantly.

Question 38

Research evidence also suggests that cocaine is able to indirectly activate the receptor sites in the brain.

A) opioid mu and kappa
B) opioid mu and delta
C) opioid sigma and epilson
D) lamda and mu