Deck 6: Prenatal Influences on Healthy Development

Question 1

The pH of the female reproductive tract and estrogen level have an effect on fertilization in that they:

A) soften the ovum to enhance fertilization.
B) can trap defective sperm.
C) determine the sex of the fetus.
D) affect the speed of the ova and sperm entering the fallopian tube.

Answer 1

D
Vaginal pH and the estrogen level of the female enhance the speed of the movement of the sperm and the ova into the fallopian tube where fertilization occurs.

Question 2

A 15-year-old mother seems to ignore her newborn.A strategy that the health-care worker can use to facilitate mother-infant attachment in this mother is to:

A) tell the mother that she must pay attention to her baby.
B) show the mother how the baby initiates interaction in face-to-face encounters.
C) demonstrate for the mother different positions for holding her baby while feeding.
D) arrange for the mother to watch a video on parent-infant interaction.

Answer 2

B
Facilitating the mother's appreciation of the newborn's reaction to her in a face-to-face encounter can stimulate bonding.

Question 3

During a telephone follow-up conversation 5 days postpartum,the woman tells the health-care worker,"I don't know what's wrong with me.I love my baby,but I seem to be crying all the time!" The woman is most likely experiencing:

A) taking-in.
B) letting go.
C) postpartum blues.
D) attachment.

Answer 3

C
During the transition to motherhood,mood swings are common.Conflicting feelings of happiness and depression are called postpartum blues,and the symptoms are generally self-limiting.

Question 4

Characteristics of dizygotic twins include their being:

A) of the same sex.
B) formed from the same single ovum and sperm.
C) always carried to full term.
D) similar to each other as any sibling.

Question 5

"Taking hold" is occurring when the new mother:

A) requests help with ambulation and perineal care.
B) shows interest in learning more about infant care.
C) sleeps most of the time when the baby is not present.
D) is very excited and talkative about the birth experience.

Question 6

The mother asks how much her baby will sleep every day.The best response is:

A) "He will only wake up to be fed, and you should not bother him between feedings."
B) "A newborn sleeps about 17 hours a day with periods of wakefulness gradually increasing."
C) "He will probably follow your same sleep and wake patterns, so you can expect him to be awake soon."
D) "You should try to limit day sleep to about 3 hours so he will sleep through the night."

Question 7

Warnings that are appropriate to an exercising pregnant woman in her second trimester of pregnancy would include:

A) limiting water while exercising to prevent hypertension.
B) avoiding exercises that require the supine position.
C) performing exaggerated range-of-motion exercises.
D) exercising strenuously to supply extra heat and blood to the placenta.

Question 8

The ELSI program has been developed for the purpose of:

A) promoting fund raising for the study of gene therapy.
B) publishing up-to-date information on the progress of gene therapy.
C) evaluating the ethical, legal, and social implications of gene therapy.
D) educating the general public about the benefits of gene therapy.

Question 9

According to parental role development theory,the reality of the pregnancy occurs for the couple when:

A) the mother is aware that she has missed her period.
B) the pregnancy is confirmed in the first trimester.
C) movement is felt in the second trimester.
D) actual plans for the birth are made in the third trimester.

Question 10

The difference between a nurse midwife and a doula is that a doula is a:

A) registered nurse with advanced training in labor and delivery.
B) registered nurse with advanced practice education.
C) specially trained coach that stays with the mother during labor and delivery.
D) medical doctor with advanced education in women's health.

Question 11

A woman who is 14 weeks pregnant says that she has abstained from alcohol during her first trimester and would like to know if it is now safe to have a drink with dinner.The health-care worker's best response would be:

A) "As you are in your second trimester, there is no problem with having one drink with dinner."
B) "One drink every night is too much. One drink three times a week should be fine."
C) "Because no one knows how much or how little alcohol it takes to cause fetal problems, it is recommended that you abstain throughout your pregnancy."
D) "Because you are in your second trimester, you can drink as much as you like."

Question 12

A young,newly pregnant woman who led a sedentary life prior to pregnancy asks what sort of exercise would be beneficial.Helpful suggestions would be to engage in regular:

A) aggressive exercise at a gym.
B) jogging.
C) lifting free weights.
D) swimming.

Question 13

The young pregnant woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus should get at least ____ minutes of exercise a day to control weight and blood glucose.

A) 10
B) 15
C) 30
D) 60

Question 14

The health-care worker observes several interactions between a postpartum woman and her newborn.The behavior that would be assessed as maladaptive is:

A) seldom making eye contact with the baby.
B) reading a magazine while the baby sleeps.
C) cuddling the baby close to her chest.
D) telling visitors how well the baby is feeding.

Question 15

The home health-care worker visiting a pregnant woman in her second trimester observes the patient doing chores and performing errands.Because of a threat to the fetus,the woman should refrain from:

A) walking a mile to the grocery store.
B) sweeping the floor with a broom.
C) using bleach when doing the wash.
D) emptying and cleaning the cat box.

Question 16

The home health-care worker can help a father in his transition to parenthood by:

A) pointing out that the infant recognizes his voice.
B) asking him what child care arrangements have been made.
C) teaching him to tape the baby's diaper a different way.
D) reminding him that he must be ready to help with household chores.

Question 17

A new mother of a baby girl who has a 2 1/2-year-old son at home says,"I don't know how I'll ever manage both children when I get home." The most informative response would be:

A) "Your son is a big brother now and will love his new sister."
B) "You might consider letting your son stay with his grandparents for several weeks to allow him to adjust to the new baby."
C) "Make sure your husband bonds with your son while you are busy with your new daughter."
D) "You may see babyish behavior in your son, which is a typical reaction."

Question 18

Parents of a newborn ask about the baby's vision and specifically want to know what visual stimuli they should provide for the newborn.The most appropriate response is:

A) "Babies can see very little until about age 3 months."
B) "It is important to shield the baby's eyes. You should ask your physician what visual stimulation to offer your child."
C) "The baby's eyes are immature and must be protected. Any visual stimuli should not contain bright or strong colors."
D) "Newborns have good near vision. A brightly colored mobile to hang over the crib is a good choice for your baby."

Question 19

The newlywed couple most appropriately referred to genetic counseling would be the:

A) Jewish couple who feel they must have a male child.
B) Caucasian couple who both have family histories of schizophrenia.
C) mixed cultural couple of a Japanese wife and American husband.
D) African Americans, one of whom has sickle cell trait.

Question 20

The Human Genome Project is credited with the development of significant research on the subject of:

A) analysis of chemicals that make up RNA.
B) prevention of birth defects.
C) ethical use of stem cells.
D) gene mapping.

Question 21

Development of neural tube defects seems to be more common in the fetuses of pregnant women whose diet is low in:

A) iron.
B) vitamin D.
C) folic acid.
D) essential amino acids.

Question 22

After the delivery of the newborn,the major focus for its well-being is to:

A) initiate hydration.
B) provide nutrition.
C) prevent heat loss.
D) stimulate bonding.

Question 23

A woman delivered a baby 1 hour ago.The nurse is ready to assist her with breastfeeding.The woman states she cannot breastfeed until her "good" milk comes in.She says she is afraid the "thin" milk will harm the baby.The nurse's best response is:

A) "You should begin breastfeeding now or your milk will never come in."
B) "I understand that you believe this colostrum is unhealthy for the baby. Let's talk about feeding alternatives until your milk comes in."
C) "If you don't provide your baby with the benefits of colostrum, he will have more childhood illnesses than normal."
D) "Your baby will not learn to suck correctly if you don't start breastfeeding now."

Question 24

The term fetus refers to an embryo that is _____ weeks old.

A) 2
B) 3
C) 6
D) 9

Question 25

A Chinese woman rejects the plan for her to bring the newborn to the health clinic before the seventh day of life to repeat the test for phenylketonuria (PKU) stating that it is too early for her to come.The culturally competent health-care worker would ask:

A) "Do you lack transportation to the clinic?"
B) "Isn't your baby's health important enough to come to the clinic?"
C) "Do you realize that the state requires this test to be done?"
D) "Do you need more time to heal after your delivery?"

Question 26

After delivery,the new father is staring intently at his newborn and lightly running his fingertips over the baby's face.The father is beginning:

A) parenting.
B) engrossment.
C) development.
D) identification.

Question 27

Good prenatal nutrition is stressed to an expectant mother because poor nutrition could increase the baby's risk of _____________ in later life.

A) diabetes
B) kidney failure
C) respiratory disorders
D) coronary artery disease

Question 28

The single most important influence on appropriate growth and disease prevention at all stages of development is:

A) nutrition.
B) heredity.
C) culture.
D) environment.

Question 29

The Moro (startle)reflex,which is present at birth,disappears normally at the age of:

A) 3 months.
B) 4 months.
C) 5 months.
D) 6 months.

Question 30

The prenatal intervention that would be most helpful to a prospective father about his new role would be to:

A) explain the physiological and psychological changes he can expect in the mother.
B) demonstrate diapering and bathing techniques.
C) let him verbalize his feelings about the pregnancy and fatherhood.
D) encourage him to think about his role in the pregnancy.

Question 31

A _________ ________ can now be programmed to destroy a defective gene,allowing a pure gene to replace it.

Question 32

The most effective time for interaction between parents and the new baby is when the baby is in the state of:

A) active alert.
B) crying.
C) drowsiness.
D) quiet alert.

Question 33

A complete set of DNA contained in all human cells is referred to as a(n)__________.

Question 34

In speaking with a group of parents,the health-care worker informs them that in the case of a premature delivery,the fetus of 25 weeks gestation has many attributes that would help support extrauterine life.These include: (Select all that apply. )

A) surfactant in the lungs.
B) respiratory movements.
C) a functioning central nervous system (CNS).
D) smooth skin.
E) subcutaneous fat.

Question 35

Methods of holding a neonate that are comforting and consoling to the baby and reinforce bonding include: (Select all that apply. )

A) holding baby upright on parent's knee.
B) placing the nude baby on the naked chest of the parent.
C) swaddling the baby.
D) cuddling the baby.
E) the football hold supporting baby with one arm.