Question 1

The concept of human rights has expanded over time,and now includes ideas of group rights as well as individual rights.

Accepted Answer

The concept of human rights has indeed expanded over time to include group rights, such as the rights of minorities, indigenous peoples, and other marginalized groups, in addition to individual rights. This has been reflected in international declarations and treaties, as well as in the work of human rights organizations and advocates.

Question 2

While they were skeptical at first,African states are now the biggest supporters of the ICC because many cases on the court's docket target abusive African leaders.

Accepted Answer

This statement is incorrect. Many African states have been critical of the ICC, arguing that it unfairly targets African leaders while ignoring crimes committed by leaders in other parts of the world. While some African states have supported the ICC, particularly in cases where their own leaders are not being investigated, it is not accurate to say that they are the biggest supporters of the court.

Question 3

The Geneva Conventions (1949),some of the first international humanitarian laws with virtual universal approval,focus on protecting the rights of which group(s)?&#10;A) wounded soldiers and prisoners of war&#10;B) former slaves&#10;C) women and children&#10;D) refugees

Accepted Answer

The Geneva Conventions focus on protecting the rights of wounded soldiers and prisoners of war. They outline rules for the treatment of these individuals during conflicts and require that they be provided with medical care, basic necessities, and protection from violence and abuse. The Conventions have been ratified by almost all countries in the world and are considered a cornerstone of international humanitarian law.

Question 4

The mass atrocities in Rwanda and Darfur were labeled genocide by major states in the international community,but they did not respond.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The mass atrocities in Rwanda and Darfur...

Question 5

States in the West are most likely to prioritize which rights?&#10;A) development rights&#10;B) collective rights&#10;C) political rights&#10;D) group rights

Accepted Answer

Western states typically prioritize political rights, emphasizing individual freedoms and civil liberties, such as freedom of speech, the right to vote, and the protection of individual liberties against government infringement.

Question 6

Some states argue that the monitoring of states' behavior regarding human rights impinges on their sovereignty.

Accepted Answer

Some states argue that monitoring their behavior regarding human rights infringes on their sovereignty because they see it as interference in their internal affairs. They believe that human rights are a matter that only concerns their citizens and that other states or international organizations should not have a say in how they treat their people. However, other states and international bodies argue that human rights are universal and should be protected even if they are violated within a state's borders. They believe that monitoring human rights abuses is necessary to ensure that governments are held accountable for their actions and that the rights of all people are respected.

Question 7

The first global human rights movement was&#10;A) the antislavery movement.&#10;B) the movement against torture.&#10;C) the movement to protect group rights.&#10;D) the movement to protect civil and political rights.

Accepted Answer

The antislavery movement, which emerged in the late 18th century and lasted until the mid-19th century, was the first global human rights movement. It aimed to abolish the practice of slavery and the slave trade, which was widespread at the time. The movement sparked debates, protests, and political actions across the globe, leading to the eventual abolition of slavery in many countries.

Question 8

Less developed states,even liberal democratic ones,often fail to meet obligations of social and economic rights.

Accepted Answer

This is true because even in liberal democratic states, there can be systemic issues such as poverty, inequality, and lack of access to basic resources like healthcare and education that prevent the government from fully meeting its obligations to provide social and economic rights to all citizens.

Question 9

Liberal political theorists place emphasis on ________,as laid out in historic documents such as the U.S.Bill of Rights.&#10;A) social and economic rights&#10;B) civil and political rights&#10;C) group rights for marginalized people&#10;D) collective rights such as the right to development

Accepted Answer

Liberal political theorists prioritize civil and political rights, such as freedom of speech, religion, and assembly, as well as the right to due process and a fair trial. These rights are enshrined in documents like the U.S. Bill of Rights and are seen as crucial for protecting individual autonomy and limiting government power. While social and economic rights, group rights, and collective rights are also important to many political theorists, they are not typically the primary focus of liberal theory.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of civil and political rights?&#10;A) freedom from incarceration&#10;B) state sovereignty&#10;C) rejection of government policies that cause suffering&#10;D) freedom of speech

Accepted Answer

Freedom of speech is a civil and political right, protected by the First Amendment in the United States Constitution. The other choices do not fall under civil and political rights: A is related to personal liberty, B is related to a government's authority, and C is related to social and economic issues.

Question 11

Theorists in the radical tradition place emphasis on&#10;A) social and economic rights.&#10;B) civil and political rights.&#10;C) group rights for marginalized people.&#10;D) collective rights such as the right to development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Theorists in the radical tradition place emphasis...

Question 12

Cultural relativism is the idea that&#10;A) all human rights are universal,regardless of culture.&#10;B) all cultures should respect the same human rights.&#10;C) the rights of the community should be prioritized over the rights of the individual.&#10;D) different rights are relevant in different cultural settings.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cultural relativism is the idea that&#10;A) all...

Question 13

Some observers argue that indicting sitting leaders like Sudan's President al-Bashir can complicate efforts to negotiate peace agreements.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some observers argue that indicting sitting leaders...

Question 14

Which statement is true about slavery?&#10;A) States did not begin to work to put an end to slavery until the 1900s.&#10;B) International law banned all slavery in the early 1800s.&#10;C) Slavery is still a problem,even in the world today.&#10;D) Following the abolition movement in the 1800s,freed slaves immediately enjoyed full rights.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement is true about slavery?&#10;A) States...

Question 15

Which statement is correct about human rights and international politics?&#10;A) Human rights is a concept that first emerged in the twentieth century.&#10;B) The rise of sovereignty increased focus on human rights.&#10;C) Human rights issues have risen to greater prominence in international politics over the last century.&#10;D) Human rights remain a concern at the state level,not the international level.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement is correct about human rights...

Question 16

The United States is a strong supporter of the ICC.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The United States is a strong supporter...

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a group right?&#10;A) right to development&#10;B) freedom of speech&#10;C) freedom from torture&#10;D) freedom of the press

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is an example...

Question 18

According to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,states cannot violate civil and political rights under any circumstances.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the International Covenant on Civil...

Question 19

The &#34;responsibility to protect (R2P)&#34; norm has been invoked only selectively,in some cases but not in others.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The &#34;responsibility to protect (R2P)&#34; norm has...

Question 20

States disagree on what types of rights should be given priority.

Accepted Answer

The answer of States disagree on what types of rights...

Question 21

The Universal Periodic Review is&#10;A) an approach adopted by Human Rights Watch (an NGO)in which it writes annual reports on countries' human rights records.&#10;B) an approach adopted by the United States in which the Department of State writes annual reports on countries' human rights records.&#10;C) an approach adopted by the UN Human Rights Council in which each state evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of its own human rights record.&#10;D) an approach adopted by the UN Human Rights Council establishing procedures for individual complaints to be filed about states' human rights practices,and then investigated.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Universal Periodic Review is&#10;A) an approach...

Question 22

To be considered &#34;genocide&#34; under international law,how many people must be killed?&#10;A) more than 1,000&#10;B) more than 10,000&#10;C) more than 1 million&#10;D) No specific number is included in the definition.

Accepted Answer

The answer of To be considered &#34;genocide&#34; under international law,how...

Question 23

In general,states with what government type are the most likely to abuse political and civil rights?&#10;A) liberal democracies&#10;B) autocracies&#10;C) oligarchies&#10;D) parliamentary democracies

Accepted Answer

The answer of In general,states with what government type are...

Question 24

Which is true about the development of human rights protections at the international level?&#10;A) The United States pushed for the inclusion of a statement on the protection of human rights in the Covenant of the League of Nations,but the initiative was blocked.&#10;B) Japan pushed for the inclusion of a statement on the protection of human rights in the Covenant of the League of Nations,but the initiative was blocked.&#10;C) Statements to protect human rights were included in both the Covenant of the League of Nations and in the UN Charter.&#10;D) Neither the Covenant of the League of Nations nor the UN Charter include statements of human rights protections.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which is true about the development of...

Question 25

What statement is correct about the Universal Periodic Review policy?&#10;A) The United States does not participate.&#10;B) Reviews trigger automatic sanctions against violators.&#10;C) After reviews,a majority of the recommendations for policy change that have been made have actually been implemented by states.&#10;D) Democracies are exempt from review.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What statement is correct about the Universal...

Question 26

Which of the following is true of the actions the United Nations has taken toward human rights protections?&#10;A) The UN engages in active monitoring,but has not played a role in enforcement,because enforcement impinges on state sovereignty.&#10;B) The UN has authorized the use of economic sanctions to enforce human rights,but not the use of force because force impinges on state sovereignty.&#10;C) The UN has authorized the use of force to protect human rights,but only with the consent of the governments of the states where the abuses are occurring.&#10;D) The UN has authorized the use of force to protect human rights in states without the consent of the governments concerned.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true of...

Question 27

What is referred to as the International Bill of Rights consists of&#10;A) the Geneva Conventions and the United Nations Charter.&#10;B) only the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.&#10;C) only the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic,Social,and Cultural Rights.&#10;D) the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,and the International Covenant on Economic,Social,and Cultural Rights.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is referred to as the International...

Question 28

Which of the following is true of state actions to protect human rights in other states?&#10;A) Some states grant trade concessions to other states if human rights abuses decline.&#10;B) States have focused only on having socioeconomic rights protected in other states.&#10;C) States have not yet used force to protect human rights.&#10;D) States do not take actions to protect human rights in other states.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true of...

Question 29

IGOs' efforts against South Africa's apartheid government&#10;A) were quickly and clearly effective.&#10;B) were the first case of humanitarian intervention using force.&#10;C) included coercive economic measures.&#10;D) were never implemented because of disputes among UN members.

Accepted Answer

The answer of IGOs' efforts against South Africa's apartheid government&#10;A)...

Question 30

What statement is true about the crime of genocide?&#10;A) The Convention on Genocide lays out specific actions that the international community must take in response to declared genocides.&#10;B) Since the Convention on Genocide was adopted,mass killings have been prevented.&#10;C) In the cases of Rwanda and Darfur,politicians intentionally did not use the word &#34;genocide&#34; to describe the events.&#10;D) No interventions have ever been undertaken in response to mass killings.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What statement is true about the crime...

Question 31

Which of the following is true of the UN Charter?&#10;A) It includes a statement giving the UN a role in the protection of human rights,but also states that it cannot intervene in states' domestic matters.&#10;B) It does not include a statement giving the UN a role in the protection of human rights.&#10;C) It includes a statement giving the UN a role in the protection of human rights,including the ability to intervene in states' domestic matters if human rights are violated.&#10;D) It includes a statement giving the UN a role in the protection of human rights,but delegates the carrying out of those protections to the Bretton Woods institutions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true of...

Question 32

Which of the following is true of human rights treaties?&#10;A) Human rights treaties are important,because ratifying those treaties ensures states' willingness to comply with their provisions.&#10;B) Setting standards is a critical role that treaties play,as they lay out a clear benchmark for assessment of states' human rights record.&#10;C) NGOs have played little to no role in the creation of human rights treaties,but they do help monitor actions regarding human rights.&#10;D) Treaties are important because without a treaty,states cannot act against states that abuse human rights.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true of...

Question 33

Realists argue the primary responsibility for protecting human rights falls to&#10;A) individuals.&#10;B) NGOs.&#10;C) states.&#10;D) international organizations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Realists argue the primary responsibility for protecting...

Question 34

There can be a tension between human rights and national security,as illustrated by what international law?&#10;A) The Convention on Torture allows exceptions for actions against terrorists.&#10;B) The Convention on Torture is suspended for countries at war.&#10;C) The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is suspended for countries&#10;At war.&#10;D) The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights allows states to revoke some rights when national security is threatened.

Accepted Answer

The answer of There can be a tension between human...

Question 35

Which of the following is true of the role NGOs have played in the area of human rights?&#10;A) NGOs play a key role in influencing the discourse surrounding human rights but do not deal directly with states or international organizations.&#10;B) NGOs work to pressure states to change their human rights policies,but have never advocated for the use of military force to protect human rights.&#10;C) NGOs have been effective in helping to bring about substantive international laws protecting human rights.&#10;D) Both NGOs and IGOs work on dealing with the issue of human rights,but they do so separately.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true of...

Question 36

The European Union encouraged human rights protections in post-Cold War Eastern Europe by&#10;A) placing negative sanctions on rights violators.&#10;B) using a threat of force to induce change.&#10;C) requiring candidates for admission to the EU to show improving political and civil liberties.&#10;D) leading UN criticism of rights violators.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The European Union encouraged human rights protections...

Question 37

The Convention on the Prevention of Genocide was adopted in what year?&#10;A) 1648&#10;B) 1920&#10;C) 1948&#10;D) 1991

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Convention on the Prevention of Genocide...

Question 38

What statement is correct about the relationship between economic conditions and human rights?&#10;A) States with deteriorating economic conditions may repress political rights as they seek to maintain authority.&#10;B) Developed states never repress political rights.&#10;C) Developed states all provide similar economic and social rights.&#10;D) Poor countries are not expected to meet international standards on rights until they reach middle-income status.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What statement is correct about the relationship...

Question 39

Intentional systematic killing of a group based on race,religion,or ethnicity is called&#10;A) genocide.&#10;B) a regime.&#10;C) a negative externality.&#10;D) deterrence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Intentional systematic killing of a group based...

Question 40

Which of the following is true of the crime of genocide according to international law?&#10;A) The killing could be intentional or unintentional and still be considered genocide if enough people are killed.&#10;B) Intentionality is required,but what constitutes evidence of intentionality is not clearly defined.&#10;C) Any systematic killing,even if not targeted at a particular group,can count as genocide if enough people are killed.&#10;D) The definition of genocide includes systematic killing based on race,but not religion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true of...

Question 41

Which of the following is true of military interventions on behalf of humanitarian causes?&#10;A) It has never been used.&#10;B) It is argued to be consistent with the Westphalian view of state sovereignty.&#10;C) It has consistently been used throughout history to protect religious and ethnic groups.&#10;D) It has been used,but on a selective basis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true of...

Question 42

The idea of &#34;responsibility to protect (R2P)&#34; is that&#10;A) it is states' responsibility to protect their own citizens,free from external intervention.&#10;B) if states do not protect their own citizens,other states have a responsibility to do something.&#10;C) the international community has primary responsibility to protect people in other countries.&#10;D) military force should always be used to protect people when widespread human rights violations are taking place.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The idea of &#34;responsibility to protect (R2P)&#34;...

Question 43

What is one reason why the U.S.government has objected to the International Criminal Court?&#10;A) It resents having to pay such a high share of its costs.&#10;B) It believes it will be ineffective in pursuing war criminals.&#10;C) It argues it infringes on U.S.sovereignty.&#10;D) It feels only national courts should address human rights violations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is one reason why the U.S.government...

Question 44

An organization designed to uncover the truth about crimes that have been committed and move forward with the reconciliation process is&#10;A) the International Criminal Court.&#10;B) the UN Human Rights Council.&#10;C) a Truth Commission.&#10;D) the UN Universal Human Rights Commission.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An organization designed to uncover the truth...

Question 45

Some African states are critical of the ICC because&#10;A) the ICC docket disproportionally deals with African leaders.&#10;B) the ICC is not addressing cases in Africa.&#10;C) the United States is critical,and they are taking their position based on U.S.arguments.&#10;D) the United States has not joined.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some African states are critical of the...

Question 46

If human rights violations occur,&#10;A) realists believe states should intervene if they find it in their national interest.&#10;B) liberals believe states should not intervene because of sovereignty.&#10;C) realists believe states should never intervene.&#10;D) liberals believe states should intervene only in cases where democracy is threatened.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If human rights violations occur,&#10;A) realists believe...

Question 47

Which of the following is true about the mass killings by Serbs against Bosnians in the former Yugoslavia in the 1990s?&#10;A) It is one of the few cases where the term genocide was used to describe a mass killing.&#10;B) No investigation was ever made into the case.&#10;C) The International Court of Justice officially ruled that the case was not one of genocide.&#10;D) The Security Council Commission of Experts concluded that the crime of genocide was being committed by all sides,not just Serbia.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true about...

Question 48

Which of the following is true about the status of women in the international community?&#10;A) Discrimination against women in political and public life is considered illegal by international treaties.&#10;B) NGOs have stopped pushing the issue of women's rights.&#10;C) Rape is considered to be a wartime issue only in international law.&#10;D) No international standards against trafficking in women exist.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true about...

Question 49

Which of the following is true of the concept of responsibility to protect (R2P)?&#10;A) It has not yet been invoked to justify intervention in another state.&#10;B) The Genocide Convention lays out specific criteria regarding when intervention is necessary.&#10;C) States are consistent in their interpretation and application of the norm.&#10;D) It is criticized for becoming a justification for intervention on behalf of state interests not related to protection of human rights.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true of...

Question 50

Some critics of the ICC argue that bringing individuals to justice might jeopardize the long-term peace because&#10;A) the ICC has not been able to convict anyone.&#10;B) referring cases might initiate intervention to protect those individuals by the United States because it does not support the ICC.&#10;C) the ICC uses truth commissions,which many believe are ineffective.&#10;D) those facing prosecution might try harder to stay in power to avoid prosecution.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some critics of the ICC argue that...

Question 51

During the war in the former Yugoslavia in the early 1990s,the term ________ was coined to mean working to remove peoples of another group from their territory,but not necessarily killing them all.&#10;A) genocide&#10;B) mass murder&#10;C) purifying&#10;D) ethnic cleansing

Accepted Answer

The answer of During the war in the former Yugoslavia...

Question 52

Why did the United Nations convene ad hoc criminal tribunals in the 1990s to investigate and prosecute crimes committed in the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda?&#10;A) because the ICC did not have jurisdiction over the cases at the time&#10;B) because Russia blocked the ICC from prosecuting those crimes&#10;C) because the ICC did not exist to prosecute individuals for war crimes at the time&#10;D) because the United States blocked the ICC from prosecuting those crimes

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why did the United Nations convene ad...

Question 53

In current international law,widespread and systematic rape is considered&#10;A) an acceptable tactic of war.&#10;B) a domestic issue.&#10;C) a crime against humanity.&#10;D) not to be a crime.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In current international law,widespread and systematic rape...

Question 54

Which of the following is true of the International Criminal Court?&#10;A) It was first tasked with prosecuting individuals for war crimes committed in Yugoslavia and Rwanda.&#10;B) Even heads of state and military leaders are not immune from its jurisdiction.&#10;C) It deals with the crime of genocide,but not other war crimes.&#10;D) It is supported by all states on the UN Security Council.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true of...

Question 55

Military action by states or the international community to alleviate massive human rights violations is known as&#10;A) genocidal relief.&#10;B) cultural relativist intervention.&#10;C) humanitarian intervention.&#10;D) intrastate war.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Military action by states or the international...

Question 56

If genocide is being committed,the Genocide Convention&#10;A) requires the UN Security Council to authorize military intervention.&#10;B) requires the UN Security Council to authorize economic sanctions.&#10;C) requires the UN Security Council to refer the case to the International Court of Justice.&#10;D) requires a response from the international community,though the nature of that response is not specified.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If genocide is being committed,the Genocide Convention&#10;A)...

Question 57

Early United Nations efforts following the 1949 Universal Declaration of Human Rights focused on getting states to grant women ________.&#10;A) civil and political rights&#10;B) socioeconomic rights&#10;C) workers' rights&#10;D) religious rights

Accepted Answer

The answer of Early United Nations efforts following the 1949...

Question 58

The trials convened after World War II to punish German and Japanese leaders for their wartime actions were not considered legitimate precedents because&#10;A) they did not succeed in convicting anyone.&#10;B) they were seen as &#34;victor's punishment.&#34;&#10;C) they only addressed actions committed by the United States and its allies.&#10;D) they focused on use of the atomic bomb,but not other possible crimes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The trials convened after World War II...

Question 59

Supporters of truth commissions argue that they are better than courts under what circumstances?&#10;A) when there have been massive violations&#10;B) when the parties must live together in the future&#10;C) when there were no deaths involved&#10;D) when there are no local courts

Accepted Answer

The answer of Supporters of truth commissions argue that they...

Question 60

Which statement is true about the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)?&#10;A) CEDAW addresses only political rights.&#10;B) CEDAW has been ratified by a majority of states in the world.&#10;C) CEDAW addresses only socioeconomic rights.&#10;D) States were not permitted to enter reservations when they ratified CEDAW.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement is true about the Convention...

Question 61

Compare and contrast various options for dealing with crimes against humanity and war crimes at the international level.Which of these options do you think is most effective and why?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast various options for dealing...

Question 62

Realists argue that U.S.support for anti-communist regimes with abusive human rights records during the Cold War&#10;A) was immoral.&#10;B) shows that ideas do not matter.&#10;C) was in the national interest and consistent with the protection of sovereignty.&#10;D) should have been criticized by NGOs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Realists argue that U.S.support for anti-communist regimes...

Question 63

In a world with many cultures and levels of economic development,is it possible to establish universal human rights standards? What should those standards be based on?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a world with many cultures and...

Question 64

Some argue that the threat of prosecution by the ICC might make leaders abusing human rights fight harder to stay in power to avoid such prosecution,thus jeopardizing the long-term peace.Others argue that the possibility of prosecution deters human rights violations,thus helping to keep peace.Which side do you agree with? Why?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some argue that the threat of prosecution...

Deck 10: Human Rights