Deck 24: Northern Transatlantic Economy and Society, 1815-1914

Question 1

By the end of the 19th century,most working class women were employed in

A)they rarely had to support themselves independently.
B)they usually lived in their parent's home.
C)there were more jobs than women to fill them.
D)None of these answers are correct.

Answer 1

None of these answers are correct.

Question 2

The Condition of the Working Class in England was written by

A)the bourgeoisie.
B)the nobility.
C)the proletariat.
D)ethnic minorities.

Answer 2

the proletariat.

Question 3

In the 19th century,Jewish emancipation made the least progress in

A)adopted liberal economic doctrines.
B)resorted to strikes,riots,and violence.
C)used collective bargaining to ensure economic security.
D)turned away from political involvement.

Answer 3

used collective bargaining to ensure economic security.

Question 4

By about 1900,trade unions included

A)Adam Smith.
B)Friedrich Engels.
C)Karl Marx.
D)David Riccardo.

Question 5

By 1914,all of the following cities had populations in excess of 500,000 except

A)women started agitating for political rights in the 1830s.
B)women became associated more with household duties and men with family breadwinning.
C)new modes of employment were created for women.
D)skills required of employed women were lowered.

Question 6

In the 19th century,all of the following were obstacles to women achieving equality except:

A)Millicent Fawcett.
B)Emmeline Pankhurst.
C)Mary Wollstonecraft.
D)Virginia Wolfe.

Question 7

Nineteenth century attitudes towards gender divisions can best be described as

A)work full time.
B)work part-time.
C)not work outside of the home.
D)work looking after other people's children.

Question 8

Women were paid low wages because

A)Women's rights had no public support.
B)Women were more sensitive to issues of class than gender.
C)Women were reluctant to support feminist causes.
D)Women were concerned that the tactics of feminist movements were too extreme.

Question 9

In the Communist Manifesto,Marx and Engels stated that the revolutionary class was composed of

A)conflict over resources.
B)the actions of great men.
C)consensus and legislation.
D)advancements in scientific knowledge.

Question 10

British women received the vote primarily because of

A)France.
B)the Habsburg empire.
C)Russia.
D)Italy.

Question 11

The guild system of artisanal production

A)Paris.
B)Berlin.
C)Frankfurt.
D)London.

Question 12

Which of the following was not a result of confection?

A)was associated with radical politics.
B)demonstrated its flexibility in the nineteenth century.
C)expanded beyond urban areas in the nineteenth century.
D)was essentially conservative.

Question 13

In the first part of the 19th century,the emergence of factories affected urban artisans by

A)Less skill was required from each artisan.
B)The division of labor increased in each workshop.
C)More urban journeymen became masters of their own workshops.
D)Skills possessed by a worker became less valuable.

Question 14

For the factory worker,the first half of the 19th century was a period of

A)increasing their prosperity.
B)contributing to their growing unemployment.
C)forcing them rapidly into proletarianization.
D)leading to a decline in competition.

Question 15

The working women of Lancashire justified their continued employment by arguing that

A)women and men held separate spheres of influence.
B)women and men were essentially equal.
C)women were inferior to men in all respects.
D)women and men both benefited from greater education.

Question 16

The industrial economy affected women in all of the following ways except

A)working women are openly hostile to men encroaching on their jobs.
B)factory work is the only occupation many women can find to earn a living.
C)most women work to supplement their husbands' meager pay.
D)factory work provides women with a means to speak out about inequities in the workplace.

Question 17

By 1914,European workers increasingly

A)women and children.
B)a majority of European workers.
C)both skilled and unskilled workers.
D)None of these answers are correct.

Question 18

By the end of the 19th century,married middle class women were expected to

A)domestic work.
B)the textile and garment industries.
C)small retail businesses.
D)cottage industries.

Question 19

The author whose writings applied the revolutionary doctrines of the rights of man to include women was

A)the violent tactics of Emmeline Pankhurst and the suffragettes.
B)their contributions to the war effort in World War I.
C)the lobbying efforts of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies.
D)the cooperation of the Liberal government under Herbert Asquith.

Question 20

The period 1850-1945 may be regarded as an era of European

A)full employment.
B)security and stability.
C)uncertainty and transition.
D)worsening conditions and lower wages.

Question 21

In What Is to Be Done?,Lenin argued for the creation of a

A)the creation of a rather ineffective Duma.
B)a Bolshevik seizure of power.
C)the foundation of a provisional government.
D)violent repression by forces loyal to the tsar.

Question 22

In Evolutionary Socialism,Eduard Bernstein argued for

A)respected the Socialists and wanted to support their initiatives.
B)wanted to protect the Emperor.
C)thought the legislation was long overdue.
D)wanted to undercut support for the Socialists.

Question 23

The most successful pre-World War I Socialist party was the

A)the creation of a small group of professional revolutionaries.
B)achieving working class aims through existing legal and political channels.
C)the unity of the proletariat and the peasants.
D)gradual withdrawal from the capitalist world system.

Question 24

All of the following contributed to U.S.industrial expansion in the late 19th century except

A)southern and eastern Europe.
B)northern and western Europe.
C)Protestant communities.
D)industrialized areas.

Question 25

The Fabians were

A)Fabians.
B)Bolsheviks.
C)German SPD.
D)Socialist Independent Labour party.

Question 26

The immigrants who arrived in the wave of "New Immigration" around the turn of the century came primarily from

A)German
B)English
C)Welsh
D)Irish

Question 27

The American Federation of Labor

A)unionize labor and agriculture in order to fight big business.
B)reform corruption in political life and induce more efficient government.
C)follow a policy of isolationism and withdraw from world affairs.
D)redress problems of racial inequality in the U.S.and elsewhere.

Question 28

The "social gospel" was a movement to

A)reflects the power and grandeur of the Creator.
B)and religion are incompatible.
C)implies that all people are descendants of Adam and Eve.
D)describes all beings as direct creations of God.

Question 29

The Revolution of 1905 ended with

A)the creation of a vast railway network.
B)the development of American investment banking.
C)the arrival of millions of European immigrants.
D)American attitudes towards entrepreneurship.

Question 30

The growth of unions in Britain

A)Menshevik.
B)Bolshevik.
C)zemstvo.
D)soviet.

Question 31

Progressives in the United States sought to

A)spread socialist ideas among the working classes.
B)support social reform for Christian reasons.
C)refute Darwin's concept of evolution.
D)convert new immigrants to Christianity.

Question 32

Bismarck approved social welfare legislation because he

A)corresponded to a diminution in labor militancy.
B)contributed to a relaxation of class boundaries.
C)occurred only among skilled workers.
D)exacerbated class conflict.

Question 33

Early twentieth-century scientists believed

A)Einstein
B)Heisenberg
C)Darwin
D)Freud

Question 34

According to Marx,historical change comes about primarily because of

A)writings of scholars such as Karl Marx.
B)increase in the voting franchise to include the working classes.
C)support it provided to nationalist sentiments.
D)proletarianization of the urban work force.

Question 35

Among the immigrants that arrived in the United States between 1840 and 1890,which group encountered the most difficulties and resistance?

A)women.
B)conservationists.
C)the working class.
D)business leaders.

Question 36

The People's Will

A)French activists who advocated immediate political reform.
B)British working class activists who advocated economic reform.
C)British civil servants who advocated a gradualist approach to social reform.
D)German socialists who were pessimistic about the necessity of revolution.

Question 37

Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive platform of 1912 advocated reforms designed to benefit all of the following social groups except

A)advocated revolutionary socialism.
B)modeled itself after the German SDP.
C)included only skilled laborers.
D)organized workers by industry.

Question 38

Socialism arose as a political force for all of the following reasons except the

A)ended tsarist government.
B)assassinated Tsar Alexander II.
C)founded a government based on popular representation.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 39

The more radical Russian revolutionary faction led by Lenin was called

A)mass party composed of all Russian workers.
B)small elite group of professional revolutionaries.
C)legislative agenda along revisionist lines.
D)worker's council to advise the tsarist government.

Question 40

Darwin's explanation of natural selection suggests that natural selection

A)that science would soon run out of subjects to study.
B)that science was an interesting mental exercise,but irrelevant to the physical world.
C)their observations allowed them to make true statements about nature.
D)their observations allowed them to make useful hypotheses about nature.

Question 41

Discuss the relationship of the labor movement and the socialist movement in any two of the following countries: Britain,France,Germany,the United States.In which country was the cooperation between the two closest? Least? Why?

Question 42

What were Lenin's specific arguments in his books,Two Tactics of Social Democracy in the Bourgeois-Democratic Revolution,and What Is to Be Done? Do you think that political revolutions need to be preceded by the establishment of an intellectual base?

Question 43

Some European authors believed that the source of white racial superiority was

A)England.
B)Germany.
C)Japan.
D)None of these answers are correct.

Question 44

Who proposed the uncertainty principle?

A)encouraged mediocrity and restraint.
B)led to a civilizing process that improved social behavior.
C)impoverished and disenfranchised the working classes.
D)promoted the full development of individual energies.

Question 45

By 1914 the leading industrial power in the world was

Question 46

Why and how were Jews emancipated across Europe during the nineteenth century?

Question 47

Discuss Freud's conception of the human psyche.How does Freud shatter the notion of a rational human mind? How is the mind organized? What kind of experiences shape the adult mind?

Question 48

How and why did the middle class change in its political and social outlook by the end of the nineteenth century?

Question 49

Although Freud believed that civilization required some repression of sexuality and aggression,he also believed that excessive repression could lead to

A)ancient Greco-Roman civilization.
B)ancient Indian and Aryan civilization.
C)the old Germanic tribes.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 50

Friedrich Nietzsche believed democracy and Christianity

A)the material and moral progress of the West.
B)greater psychological stress and illness.
C)prostitution and child abandonment.
D)sexual feelings for one's relatives.

Question 51

How was Bismarck able to stop the ascendancy of socialism in Germany,in particular the SPD? Could Bismarck's approach have been successful in other countries?

Question 52

Why did Europe have more global power between 1850 and 1914 than it had before or has had since?

Question 53

What were the major changes in European thought at the end of the nineteenth century? How do these changes compare to the original ideas of the Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution? What events in the nineteenth century do you think best account for the changes in European intellectual thought?

Question 54

Why did socialism not succeed in the United States? Which groups or what ideologies addressed the needs of workers? How did the United States government react to the plight of American workers?

Question 55

What were the primary arguments made by Karl Marx? Why did Marxism become such a powerful ideological force across Europe during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

Question 56

What was the status of the industrial proletariat in 1860? Had it improved by 1914? What caused the growth in trade unions and organized mass political parties? How did Europe's socialist movement respond to these administrations?

Question 57

Compare and contrast attitudes towards the Islamic world in 16th,18th,and 19th century Europe.What were the fundamental changes in the relationship between the Islamic world and the West during this period?

Question 58

What was the status of women in the second half of the 19th century? Why did they grow discontented with their lot? To what extent had they improved their position by 1914? What tactics did they use? What were the primary causes of the political emancipation of women?

Question 59

Compare and contrast the views of Sidney Webb,Eduard Bernstein,and V.I.Lenin.If you were a European worker during this period,in which country would you want to live? Why?