Deck 33: Post-colonialism and Beyond: Latin America, Africa, Asia, and the Middle East

Question 1

The Argentine defeat in the 1982 Falklands War

A)pollution and environmental disasters.
B)financial crisis and poverty.
C)lack of foreign investment.
D)the possibility of renewed warfare in the region.

Answer 1

financial crisis and poverty.

Question 2

The new professional middle class of Latin America has generally supported

A)drug cartels.
B)establishment of terrorist training camps.
C)sales of pirated DVDs.
D)human trafficking.

Answer 2

drug cartels.

Question 3

The "clash of civilizations" model predicts that the future will be characterized by

A)is a theory forecasting broad clashes between the Europeanized world and all other cultural traditions.
B)is a theory that focuses primarily on conflict and competition between nation states.
C)downplays the possibility of future violent international conflicts.
D)emphasizes fundamental distinctions between the original Western powers on the European continent,and Europe's Westernized former colonies in the Americas and elsewhere.

Answer 3

is a theory forecasting broad clashes between the Europeanized world and all other cultural traditions.

Question 4

Decolonization has been responsible for the creation of all these independent nations except

A)heavily dependent on loans or aid from developed countries.
B)agrarian and self-sufficient.
C)complementary to Western countries.
D)competing with the United States for markets.

Question 5

"The West versus the Rest"

A)India.
B)Ethiopia.
C)Madagascar.
D)Algeria.

Question 6

Globalization may best be described as

A)hypernationalism and personal identification based on nation-states.
B)greater competition between multi-national corporations.
C)a resurgence of religious,ethnic,and cultural conflict.
D)the last world war and the collapse of the Western "modernity."

Question 7

The most immediate significant problem facing Brazil's government today is

A)indicated that the PRI is still supported by the majority of Mexicans.
B)took place amidst allegations of corruption and was hotly contested.
C)marked the first time the PRI lost a national election in seventy years.
D)indicated widespread dissatisfaction with NAFTA and U.S.economic policies.

Question 8

In 1959,Cuban revolutionaries overthrew the government of

A)the future of Cuba has been linked politically with the United States.
B)Cuba's trade with the United States has increased.
C)Cuba lost significant military,economic,and geo-political support.
D)the Cuban sugar industry strengthened with new Asian markets.

Question 9

Since the 1970s,an economically huge and socio-politically disruptive export crop from Latin America has been

A)upward mobility of the mass of the population.
B)diminishing control of the Roman Catholic church.
C)increasingly gender-based division of labor.
D)culture of poverty.

Question 10

Which of these Latin American country did not establish a Marxist-inspired government in the 20th century?

A)built massive industrial centers.
B)allowed farmers to retain their land.
C)concentrated almost solely on agricultural improvements.
D)nationalized the island's mineral wealth.

Question 11

Under Castro,the Cuban government

A)Fidel Castro.
B)Simon Ruz.
C)Daniel Ortega.
D)Fulgencio Batista.

Question 12

The dominant social characteristic of modern Latin America is the

A)radical changes in the political process.
B)gradual moves toward democratic government.
C)military governments that uphold the status quo.
D)the reinvigoration of Latin American traditional culture.

Question 13

American policy towards post-colonial Latin America in the twentieth century was generally characterized by support for

A)governmental political repression angered the populace.
B)nationalization programs angered foreign investors.
C)attempts at land reform.
D)the chaos angered the military.

Question 14

According to Lourdes Arizpe,all of the following factors contributed to the silence of peasant women in Latin America except

A)anti-communist authoritarian regimes.
B)democratic freedoms and widespread liberal reforms.
C)increasing Latin American economic self-reliance.
D)Western European intervention in former colonial areas.

Question 15

A common trigger for U.S.intervention in Latin American affairs recently has been

A)Christian ideals and native mythology.
B)Christian charity and Marxist ideology.
C)caudillo rhetoric and Catholic tradition.
D)liberalism and Protestantism.

Question 16

With the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991,

A)their gender.
B)their lack of education.
C)their rural status.
D)the cultural taboos against female expression.

Question 17

Liberation theology is based on a mixture of

A)Nicaragua
B)Argentina
C)Chile
D)Cuba

Question 18

In 1955,Perón's corrupt regime in Argentina was toppled by a

A)strengthened nationalist fervor and anti-Western sentiment.
B)discredited the ruling military regime and led to its downfall.
C)disrupted the development of democratic processes.
D)led to widespread destruction and loss of life.

Question 19

Since the 1950s,the economies of Latin America have largely been

A)cotton.
B)coffee.
C)cocaine
D)cane sugar

Question 20

Chile's experiment with Marxist socialism failed for all of the following reasons except

A)popular democratic movement.
B)military coup.
C)coalition of military and civilian politicians.
D)U.N.sponsored military action.

Question 21

Oil wealth has

A)the legal basis of their government.
B)a political tool to bolster legitimacy.
C)justification for the creation of regional monarchies.
D)the justification for organized terrorism.

Question 22

In 1967,Colonel Ojukwu broke away from Nigeria and created what independent state?

A)victory of Christian forces in Biafra and permanent independence.
B)defeat of Nigerian forces and a temporary cessation of hostilities.
C)surrender of Biafra and an increased sense of Nigerian unity.
D)utter destruction and near genocide of the Biafrian people.

Question 23

Nelson Mandela is best known for

A)Indonesia.
B)Pakistan.
C)Iraq.
D)Bangladesh.

Question 24

In the late 20th and early 21st centuries,Indian politics have been dominated by

A)emergence of new states and international alignments.
B)intrusion of Israel into Palestine.
C)decrease in the importance of Middle Eastern oil production.
D)rise of Islamic fundamentalism.

Question 25

The Iranian Revolution in 1978 resulted in the

A)establishment of Muslim terrorist camps in the country.
B)continued dominance of the Afghan Communist party.
C)expulsion of religious extremists from the Central Asian Islamic republics.
D)wave of non-violent revolutions in Eastern Europe.

Question 26

Turkey's admission to the European Union has been contested primarily because of its

A)re-creation of the boundaries of the Ottoman Empire.
B)promotion of human rights based on the Helsinki Accords.
C)return to strict Muslim fundamentalism.
D)emancipation and education of women.

Question 27

Apartheid was a policy that legally segregated

A)organizing passive resistance movements against apartheid.
B)being the first black president of South Africa.
C)leading massive strikes to protest discriminatory labor laws in South Africa.
D)successfully calling for economic sanctions against South Africa.

Question 28

By the 1980s,nearly every part of Africa

A)the disparity of economic benefits from African development.
B)the legacy of violence and slavery left by European colonialism.
C)the broken promises made by European countries during World War I.
D)that it would prepare them to be citizens of a unified world government.

Question 29

The largest Muslim populations in the world can be found in all of the following countries except

A)weak economic system.
B)persecution of the Kurds.
C)dictatorial government system.
D)lack of integration with European culture.

Question 30

During the Cold War,India's primary policy was to

A)efforts to control population growth and introduce birth control methods.
B)attempts to introduce democratic reforms and liberalize the press.
C)continued tensions with Pakistan and Muslim communities in India.
D)public health measures designed to curb the AIDS epidemic.

Question 31

The term "independent homelands" referred to regions in

A)Christians from non-Christians.
B)native Africans from European colonials.
C)blacks and "coloreds" from whites.
D)blacks,but not "coloreds," from whites.

Question 32

The Mexican election of 2000

A)remained rural and agricultural.
B)was free from European rule.
C)had experimented with communism.
D)underwent violent civil wars.

Question 33

One major and unexpected result of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan was the

A)establishment of Muslim terrorist camps in the country.
B)continued dominance of the Afghan Communist party.
C)expulsion of religious extremists from the Central Asian Islamic republics.
D)wave of non-violent revolutions in Eastern Europe.

Question 34

The Camp David Accords of 1978

A)Hosni Mubarak.
B)Menachem Begin.
C)Gamal Abdel Nasser.
D)Yasser Arafat.

Question 35

Many secular modernists in Turkey,including the poet Aziz Nesin,support the

A)institution of a modernizing and secular government.
B)creation of a new Islamic republic headed by a Shi'ite religious leader.
C)formation of an independent communist regime without ties to the Soviet Union.
D)peaceful integration of ethnic and religious minorities.

Question 36

The King-Crane Commission issued caveats about the post-World War I "Zionist program," based primarily on the observation that

A)recognized the legitimacy of the PLO.
B)established a peaceful agreement between Egypt and Israel.
C)led to the Israeli invasion of Lebanon.
D)decided the fate of the West Bank and the Gaza strip.

Question 37

The postwar history of the Middle East has been dominated by all of the following except the

A)the vast majority of the people in the region opposed a Jewish state in Palestine.
B)there was not enough international support for a Jewish state in Palestine.
C)the formation of a Jewish state would provoke decades of violence in the Middle East.
D)Jewish advocacy groups lacked political influence in the United States.

Question 38

The civil war between Biafra and Nigeria in the 1960s and 1970s resulted in the

A)Zimbabwe.
B)Zaire.
C)Tanzania.
D)South Africa.

Question 39

The authors characterize both the Israelis and Palestinians,caught in a cycle of violence,as

A)boosted the confidence of the Arab world.
B)fostered terrorism,especially by Saudi Arabia.
C)helped to unify the Middle East.
D)led to a rejection of Muslim fundamentalism by Middle Eastern states.

Question 40

As early as 1945,the Pan-African Congress demanded African freedom for all of the following reasons except

A)Biafra
B)Congo
C)Eritrea
D)Burundi

Question 41

The successor of Anwar Sadat as president of Egypt was

A)wise.
B)weak.
C)short-sighted.
D)intransigent.

Question 42

What are some of the most significant effects of decolonization in Africa? Which country do you think has been the most successful in meeting post-colonial challenges? Which country the least?

Question 43

Modern Arab nationalist movements have used religion primarily as

A)the rapid assault on terrorist camps in Afghanistan.
B)the U.S.and British invasion of Iran.
C)the landing of U.N.troops in Israel.
D)U.S.economic sanctions against Iraq.

Question 44

What was the result of the creation of the state of Israel in 1948? What are the Camp David Accords and what impact have they had? What are the reasons for the intifadah? How has the international community attempted to resolve these issues? What are the points that remain intractable in this crisis?

Question 45

On what basis does the text argue that democratization and globalization are the defining characteristics of the contemporary era? Do you agree with this assessment? Why or why not?

Question 46

What are some of the most pressing issues facing African nations today? What seem to be the most successful methods for addressing these issues and why?

Question 47

According to Osama Bin Laden,a jihad should be called against Americans and Jews because

Question 48

Discuss the policy of apartheid.Who were the main leaders opposed to this system in the Republic of South Africa? What were their tactics for opposition? What new challenges face the democracy of South Africa now that apartheid has been abolished?

Question 49

Explain why fundamentalist Muslim groups call for the destruction of the United States and Israel.Why do these radicals associate the United States with Israel? If the Palestinian issue were to be resolved,would these Islamist groups disappear?

Question 50

What does the failure of the United States to control Iraq after the invasion suggest about the limits of American power? How is this used by the fundamentalist elements in Islam? Was the invasion of Iraq connected to the attacks on September 11,2001? How does this invasion feed into the fundamentalists' image of the United States?

Question 51

What were some of the most prominent concerns faced by the nation of Iran during the 20th century? What about the early 21st century? How has the Revolution of 1979 changed the nation of Iran?

Question 52

A U.S.-led coalition invaded Iraq in 2003 for all of the following reasons except to

A)American and Jewish policy is aimed at the eventual extermination of Muslims.
B)American military intervention has resulted in the overthrow of Islamic governments.
C)the Islamic religion calls for the annihilation of all non-believers.
D)Middle Eastern governments have proven powerless to stop American aggression.

Question 53

What impact has the Muslim resurgence had on world history? Why is the West having trouble coping with this movement? What is the relationship between this movement and the increase in terrorist activities in the late 20th century?

Question 54

What are some of the major problems on the Indian subcontinent? What role have the Sikhs played in this area? Name some of the historic problems between India and Pakistan.Is there a possibility of unity in this region of the world?

Question 55

What are some of the predominant developments currently occurring in the nation of Turkey? Why is this nation such a fascinating indicator of larger potential trends in international affairs?

Question 56

Which model of the future do you find more compelling,globalization or the "clash of civilizations"? Point to specific events,trends,and historical patterns to support your choice.

Question 57

Detail the different economic programs attempted in Latin American countries in the 20th and 21st centuries.Which do you think has met with the most success? Which the least? To what factor or factors do you attribute that success?

Question 58

What is decolonization? What are the major themes of this historic process? What is the importance of nationalism in the postcolonial world? How important are the ties to former European colonial powers?

Question 59

The immediate result of al Qaeda's September 11th attacks on the United States was

A)destroy weapons of mass destruction.
B)force a regime change in the Iraqi government.
C)promote democratic reforms.
D)locate and arrest Osama Bin Laden.