Deck 9: Molecular Structure of DNA and RNA

Question 1

The researcher(s) who initially used X-ray diffraction to gather information on the DNA molecule was ______.

A)Franklin
B)Watson and Crick
C)Hershey and Chase
D)Pauling
E)Chargaff

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The backbone of the DNA molecule is formed by ________.

A)peptide bonds
B)ribose sugars
C)nitrogenous bases
D)phosphodiester bonds

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What was the conclusion of the Hershey-Chase experiments?

A)Their results suggested the presence of a transforming principle.
B)Their results suggested that DNA is a double helix
C)Their results suggested that A+G=T+C
D)Their results suggested that the DNA is the genetic material

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which base is not found in DNA?

A)Cytosine
B)Guanine
C)Thymidine
D)Adenine
E)Uracil

Question 5

Frederick Griffith is responsible for discovering what process?

A)Replication
B)Transmission
C)Transformation
D)Transduction

Question 6

What were the conclusions of Franklin's work regarding the structure of DNA?

A)It did not have a helical structure
B)The helix had more than one strand
C)The helix contained about 1 bases per turn
D)The helix had only one strand

Question 7

What is the directionality of the DNA molecule?

A)front to back
B)top to bottom
C)5' to 3'
D)3' to 5'
E) all DNA molecules are different in their directionality

Question 8

The individuals who determined that Griffith's transforming principle was DNA were __________.

A) Hershey and Chase
B) Avery, Macleod, and McCarty
C) Watson and Crick
D) Creighton and McClintock

Question 9

The fact that the type R and S strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae that Griffith worked with possessed small differences in capsule structure satisfies which of the following criteria for genetic material?

A)Transmission
B)Replication
C)Information
D)Variation

Question 10

The individual(s) who used ball and stick models to identify the three-dimensional structure of proteins was _______.

A)Franklin
B)Watson and Crick
C)Hershey and Chase
D)Pauling
E)Chargaff

Question 11

These individuals determined that DNA was responsible for the process of transduction in T2 phage.

A) Hershey and Chase
B) Avery, Macleod, and McCarty
C) Watson and Crick
D) Creighton and McClintock

Question 12

According to Chargaff's rule, if the DNA of a species contains 20% adenine, what percent of guanine will it contain?

A) 20%
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) 75%

Question 13

All living organisms use DNA as the genetic material.

Question 14

How does DNA differ from RNA?

A)RNA uses only purines
B)RNA uses a different five-carbon sugar
C)RNA has a contains different sized phosphate groups
D)RNA has multiple bases attached to the sugar

Question 15

In a double-helix DNA strand, the adenine on one strand forms a hydrogen bond with a(n) ____ on the other strand.

A) adenine
B) guanine
C) thymine
D) cytosine

Question 16

The building blocks of DNA are called _________.

A) amino acids
B) codons
C) nucleotides
D) alleles

Question 17

How many bases are necessary to complete three complete twists (1080 degrees) of a DNA helix?

A)5
B)10
C)30
D)60

Question 18

The first group of researchers to correctly identify the double-helix structure of DNA were _______.

A)McClintock and Franklin
B)Hershey and Chase
C)Pauling and Avery
D)Watson and Crick

Question 19

What is a characteristic of T2 bacteriophage?

A)It does not require a host cell for replication
B)The phage attaches to the cell wall of a target eukaryotic cell
C)The phages injects its DNA into the host cell
D)The new phages are formed outside the host cell

Question 20

What is a component of a single nucleotide?

A)A phosphate group
B)A six carbon sugar
C)All five nitrogenous bases

Question 21

Which DNA molecule form is a left-handed?

A)A DNA
B)B DNA
C)Z DNA
D)R DNA

Question 22

In the Hershey-Chase experiments, the protein coat of the bacteriophage was labeled with the ³²P radioisotope.

Question 23

One strand of DNA is 5' - AGGCCTTA - 3'. What is the opposite strand?

A) 5'-AGGCCTTA-3'
B) 5'-TCCGGAAT-3'
C) 3'-AGGCCTTA-5'
D) 3'-TCCGGAAT-5'

Question 24

DNA is recognized as a left-handed molecule.

Question 25

What is one of the criteria that all genetic material must meet?

A)It does NOT contain the information necessary to construct the entire organism.
B)It must be passed from offspring to parent.
C)It must be able to be copied.
D)It must have a limited amount of variation.

Question 26

The idea that the adenine and thymine bases of the DNA interact in some manner was first proposed by _______.

A) Watson and Crick
B) Franklin
C) Pauling
D) Chargaff

Question 27

The pyrimidine bases are _______.

A) cytosine, thymine, and uracil
B) adenine and guanine
C) adenine and thymine
D) cytosine and guanine

Question 28

A purine on one strand of the DNA is always paired with a pyrimidine on the other strand.

Question 29

Cells are treated with a drug that blocks purine synthesis. Which bases would not be made in those treated cells?

A)cytosine, thymine, and uracil
B)adenine and guanine
C)adenine and thymine
D)cytosine and guanine

Question 30

The fact that the helixes of the DNA strand are arranged in opposite directions gives DNA its _____ characteristics.

A) antiparallel
B) complementary
C) redundant
D) water-soluble

Question 31

The helical shape of the DNA contains major and minor grooves, which assist in the regulating of gene expression.

Question 32

A nucleoside consists of only a five-carbon sugar and a phosphate group.

Question 33

DNA can exist as a triple helix, although its function in biological systems is not well understood.

Question 34

What is the most complex structure DNA can form?

A)individual nucleotides
B)a folded and bended double helix
C)a single strand of DNA
D)a DNA double helix

Question 35

A DNA strand can be described as antiparallel but uncomplementary.

Question 36

Adenine and thymine form _______ hydrogen bonds between them, while cytosine and guanine form _______ bonds.

A) 2 , 3
B) 3 , 4
C) 3 , 2
D) 4 , 3

Question 37

Avery used the enzyme _______ to remove the proteins from the cell extracts.

A) protease
B) DNase
C) RNase
D) All of the answers are correct

Question 38

The _______ was labeled using the radioisotope ³²P in the Hershey-Chase experiments.

A) RNA
B) DNA
C) protein
D) carbohydrates

Question 39

Which of the following is a correct matching of the researcher with their discovery?

A)Pauling provided information on primary structure in biological molecules.
B)Franklin suggested that DNA was a helix with more than one strand and that there were about 10 bases per turn of the DNA.
C)Watson and Crick collected a large amount of X-ray data on the structure of DNA.
D)Chargaff demonstrated that the adenine and cytosine bases and the uracil and guanine bases interacted in some manner.

Question 40

What DNA form is most common in living organisms?

A)A DNA
B)B DNA
C)Z DNA
D)Triplex DNA

Question 41

An RNA strand with sequence 5'-GUACAAUGACUUAUGUAC-3' can potentially form which structure?

A)bulge loop
B)internal loop
C)multibranched junction
D)stem-loop