Deck 5: Non-Mendelian Inheritance

Question 1

Both parents usually imprint the same gene.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Who is largely responsible for proposing the endosymbiosis theory?

A)Schimper, Wallin, Margulis
B)Lyon, Margulis, Schimper
C)Schimper, Wallin, Barr
D)Barr, Lyon, Margulis

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following is primarily responsible for the maternal effect?

A)Sperm cells
B)Oocytes
C)Nurse cells
D)Placenta

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In the gene that affects snail coiling, the ______ is responsible for the phenotype of the offspring.

A) mother's phenotype
B) father's phenotype
C) mother's genotype
D) father's genotype

Question 5

Which of the following does not inactivate an X chromosome?

A)Mammals
B)Drosophila
C)
C)elegans
D)Marsupials

Question 6

Where is extranuclear DNA located in mammalian cells?

A)Endoplasmic reticulum
B)Mitochondria
C)Ribosome
D)Plasma membrane

Question 7

Which diseases are associated with imprinting?

A)Angelman Syndrome
B)LHON
C)Alzheimer's Disease
D)All of the answers are correct

Question 8

What is thought to be the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

A)Cyanobacteria for mitochondria, purple bacteria for chloroplasts
B)Purple bacteria for mitochondria, fungi for chloroplasts
C)Purple bacteria for mitochondria, cyanobacteria for chloroplasts
D)Algae for mitochondria, cyanobacteria for chloroplasts

Question 9

In which cells do erasure and re-establishment of imprinting marks typically NOT occur?

A)Nurse cells
B)Sperm cells
C)Oocytes
D)Somatic cells

Question 10

Most imprinted genes are silenced. What is one exception to this rule?

A)H19
B)Igf2
C)UBE3A
D)SNRPN

Question 11

What is a disease associated with extra nuclear inheritance?

A)Angelman Syndrome
B)Prader-Willi Syndrome
C)LHON
D)Muscular Dystrophy

Question 12

What type of inheritance is observed with extranuclear DNA?

A)Mendelian inheritance
B)Sex-linked inheritance
C)Paternal inheritance
D)Maternal inheritance
E) Maternal effect

Question 13

Who originally identified a highly condensed structure in the interphase of nuclei?

A)Lyon
B)Barr
C)Ohno
D)None of the answers are correct

Question 14

What encodes the toxin paramecin in Paramecia aurelia?

A)mtDNA
B)cpDNA
C)Nuclear DNA
D)Kappa particles

Question 15

Expression of ______ would inhibit X-inactivation.

A)Xic
B)Xist
C)Tsix
D)All of the answers are correct
E)None of the answers are correct

Question 16

What gene is encoded in the Xic?

A)Xce
B)Xist
C)Tsix
D)None of these

Question 17

In the Igf2 gene, which allele is imprinted? Which is expressed?

A)Paternal, paternal
B)Paternal, maternal
C)Maternal, paternal
D)Maternal, maternal

Question 18

What gene is most responsible for X-inactivation?

A)Xic
B)Xist
C)Tsix
D)Xce

Question 19

What genes appear to be controlled by the Xic?

A)Xist and Tsix
B)Xist only
C)Tsix only
D)None of these

Question 20

What is the molecular mechanism for imprinting a gene?

A)Acetylation
B)Nitration
C)Phosphorylation
D)Methylation

Question 21

Monoallelic expression is associated with which of the following?

A)X-inactivation
B)Genomic imprinting
C)Maternal inheritance
D)Extranuclear inheritance

Question 22

Chlamydomonas was used as the model organism for the study of _____.

A) chloroplast inheritance
B) mitochondrial inheritance
C) genomic imprinting
D) methylation of DNA

Question 23

Dosage compensation offsets the problems associated with differences in the number of _______ chromosomes in many species.

A) cytoplasmic
B) autosome
C) sex
D) extranuclear
E) mitochondrial

Question 24

mtDNA contains all of the genes necessary for the complete function of mitochondrial metabolism.

Question 25

Which of the following categories of genes is typically NOT encoded in cpDNA?

A) Genes encoding rRNA
B) Genes encoding tRNA
C) Genes for photosynthetic pathway enzymes
D) Genes encoding nuclear proteins

Question 26

A symbiotic relationship where one organism lives inside another species is called _______.

A)cytoplasmic inheritance
B)heteroplasmy
C)paternal leakage
D)endosymbiosis

Question 27

Which of the following is false regarding mtDNA?

A) It is around 17,000 bp in length
B) It is a linear chromosome
C) Multiple copies exist in each mitochondria
D) It mostly contains rRNA and tRNA genes

Question 28

mtDNA stands for _______ and cpDNA stands for _______.

A) extranuclear DNA, cytoplasmic DNA
B) maternal DNA, paternal DNA
C) marked DNA, copied DNA
D) nuclear, cytoplasmic
E) mitochondrial DNA, chloroplast DNA

Question 29

Differentially methylated domains (DMDs) are associated with which of the following?

A)X-inactivation
B)Genomic imprinting
C)Maternal inheritance
D)Extranuclear inheritance
E)All of the answers are correct

Question 30

If the sperm cell contributes mitochondria to the oocyte, it is called _______.

A) paternal leakage
B) maternal leakage
C) paternal inheritance
D) mitochondria
E) imprinting

Question 31

The inheritance patterns of genetic material that is not contained in the nucleus of the cell is called _______.

A)extranuclear inheritance
B)maternal effect
C)imprinting
D)nuclear
E)epigenetic

Question 32

How many Barr bodies would an individual with a XXY genotype possess?

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)None of the answers are correct

Question 33

Heteroplasmy is associated with inheritance patterns involving

A) nuclear.
B) paternal DNA.
C) chloroplasts.
D) ribosomes.
E) imprinted.

Question 34

A modification that occurs to a nuclear gene that alters gene expression without modifying the DNA sequence is called _______ inheritance.

A)extranuclear
B)cytoplasmic
C)maternal effect
D)epigenetic
E)nuclear

Question 35

The coat color of calico cats is a result of _____.

A) maternal inheritance
B) X-inactivation
C) imprinting
D) extranuclear inheritance

Question 36

In maternal effect, the _______ of the mother determines the _______ of the offspring.

A)phenotype, genotype
B)genotype, phenotype
C)rRNA, tRNA
D)imprinting, genotype

Question 37

The Lyon hypothesis attempts to explain the molecular mechanism of _____.

A) X-inactivation
B) genomic imprinting
C) maternal inheritance
D) extranuclear inheritance

Question 38

The inheritance of leaf pigmentation in the four-o'clock plant Mirabilis jalapa is an example of ____.

A) maternal effect
B) maternal inheritance
C) epigenetic inheritance
D) imprinting

Question 39

Which inheritance pattern is common to oogenesis, spermatogenesis, and embryogenesis?

A)Maternal inheritance
B)Epigenetic inheritance
C)Maternal effect
D)Paternal inheritance