Deck 10: Energy Balance, Weight Control, and Eating Disorders

Question 1

Satiety is largely regulated by the ________.

A)pituitary gland
B)cerebral cortex
C)hypothalamus
D)liver

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The ratio of body weight to height is represented as ________.

A)body composition
B)basal metabolic rate
C)bioelectrical impedance
D)body mass index

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A young man weighs 150 pounds.A rough estimate of his basal metabolic rate would be ________.

A)1469 kcal per day
B)68 kcal per hour
C)2500 kcal per day
D)61 kcal per hour 150 lbs / 2.2 lbs/kg = 68 kg x 1.0 kcal/kg/hr = 68 kcal/hr
68 kcal/hr x 24 hr/day = 1632 kcal/day

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Of the following males, who would have the lowest BMR?

A)6-year-old
B)16-year-old
C)46-year-old
D)76-year-old

Question 5

The thermic effect of food accounts for approximately ______ of energy consumed each day.

A)5% to 10%
B)11% to 15%
C)16% to 20%
D)50%

Question 6

A man weighs 154 pounds and is 70 inches tall.His BMI is ________.

A)15
B)20
C)22
D)25

Question 7

The best predictor of your basal metabolic rate is ________.

A)your exercise pattern
B)what you had for breakfast
C)your lean body mass
D)environmental temperature

Question 8

The body's total daily energy expenditure includes ________.

A)basal metabolic rate, thermal effect of food, and effects of physical activity
B)basal metabolic rate, height and weight
C)body mass index, food intake and number of hours a person sleeps
D)None of these choices are correct

Question 9

Consumption of a very-low-calorie diet ________.

A)increases BMR by about 10% to 20%
B)decreases BMR by about 10% to 20%
C)has no effect on BMR

Question 10

A body mass index of 40 represents ________.

A)no health risk
B)possible health risk
C)a high risk for health problems
D)a value that is not on the nomogram

Question 11

When the diet contains more energy than is expended, the excess energy ________.

A)is stored as fat in adipose tissue
B)increases the thermic effect of food
C)increases the basal metabolic rate
D)is excreted in the urine

Question 12

To calculate basal energy needs using the equations developed by the Food and Nutrition Board, one needs information about the individual's ________.

A)age
B)weight
C)height
D)gender
E)All of these choices are accurate

Question 13

When energy intake is greater than energy output, body weight ________.

A)remains the same
B)increases
C)decreases
D)None of these choices are correct

Question 14

The energy spent in maintaining all involuntary processes in the body at rest, awake, and in a non-absorptive state is called ________.

A)resting metabolism
B)thermogenesis
C)thermic effect
D)basal metabolism

Question 15

All the following are true statements about basal metabolism except ________.

A)it supports the work that goes on in the body all the time
B)it is the amount of calories you need to sustain life
C)it is the sum total of all involuntary activities necessary to sustain life
D)it accounts for the smallest component of the average person's daily energy expenditure

Question 16

For most adults, the greatest portion of their energy expenditure is for ________.

A)physical activity
B)basal metabolism
C)thermic effect of food
D)None of these choices are correct

Question 17

Compared to men, the basal metabolic rate of women is ________.

A)lower
B)higher
C)no different

Question 18

Which hormone increases in the blood immediately following consumption of a meal?

A)Cholecystokinin
B)Ghrelin
C)Epinephrine
D)Glucagon

Question 19

Hunger can be defined as ________.

A)starvation
B)a physiological drive to find and eat food
C)a sensation caused by distension of the stomach and small intestine
D)a psychological drive to eat

Question 20

A factor that can decrease BMR is ________.

A)consuming a low-energy diet
B)having a high fever
C)long endurance exercise
D)being pregnant

Question 21

Underwater weighing assesses body composition based on the principle that ________.

A)lean body tissue is more dense than adipose tissue
B)adipose tissue is more dense than lean body tissue
C)adipose tissue is composed of mostly water
D)body fluids are not being weighed using this method

Question 22

Bioelectrical impedance assesses body composition based on the principle that ________.

A)atomic nuclei behave like magnets when an external magnetic field is applied across the body
B)adipose tissue is more dense than lean body tissue
C)electrical conductivity is greater in lean tissue than in adipose tissue
D)fat-free mass is proportional to total body potassium

Question 23

A daily deficit of 400 to 500 kcal should result in a loss of approximately ________ of body fat per week.

A)0.25 pound
B)1 pound
C)3 pounds
D)4 pounds

Question 24

Kevin wants to treat himself to a hot fudge sundae whenever he has a stressful day.He decides that a more appropriate response to a stressful day would be a brisk walk.Which of the following behavior modification techniques has he used?

A)Cognitive restructuring
B)Self-monitoring
C)Contingency management
D)Stimulus control

Question 25

A weight-reduction program can be considered successful only when the weight loss ________.

A)exceeds 10% of starting weight
B)is maintained
C)results in a BMI of below 25
D)All of these choices are correct

Question 26

A "thrifty metabolism" is a genetic predisposition that ________.

A)causes a person to expend higher-than-average energy at rest
B)enables a person to store fat readily
C)enables a person to expend fat readily
D)None of these choices are accurate

Question 27

The set-point theory proposes that ________.

A)body temperature determines how many calories are burned
B)humans have a genetically predetermined body weight or body fat
C)metabolism can be reset at different stages of life
D)None of these choices are accurate

Question 28

Based on results of long-term studies, people on weight-reduction diets should limit ________.

A)high-fat foods
B)breads and rolls
C)potatoes
D)meat

Question 29

Lee Brown is a 23-year-old college student.Which of these would indicate that he is at risk for chronic diseases associated with obesity?

A)BMI of 22
B)BMI of 24
C)41-inch waist
D)31-inch waist

Question 30

Which of the following techniques for measuring body composition makes use of small exposures to radiation?

A)MRI
B)DEXA
C)TOBEC
D)BIA

Question 31

By keeping a detailed food diary, the individual who is trying to lose weight can discover ________.

A)emotions that lead to poor eating habits
B)social influences affecting eating and food choices
C)external cues that lead to overeating
D)All of these choices are accurate

Question 32

Physical activity is most likely to lead to successful weight loss if it ________.

A)is performed at high intensity
B)is performed regularly
C)leads to significant loss of body water
D)causes muscle soreness

Question 33

The success (attain and maintain reduced weight for 3 to 5 years) of non-surgical weight reduction programs has been reported to be approximately ________ for adults.

A)40%
B)5%
C)25%
D)0%

Question 34

Before recommending treatment for obesity, the health professional should ________.

A)assess current health status
B)take a family history of obesity-related disease
C)determine fat distribution in the patient
D)All of these choices are accurate

Question 35

A sound program for weight reduction should include ________.

A)control of total energy intake
B)increased physical activity
C)modification of food habits
D)All of these choices are correct

Question 36

Keeping tempting snack foods stashed in the cupboards or freezer instead of leaving them in plain view is an example of ________.

A)cognitive restructuring
B)chain-breaking
C)self-monitoring
D)stimulus control

Question 37

A healthy weight for an individual should not be based exclusively on weight, but on ________.

A)amount of lean body tissue
B)energy intake versus energy expenditure
C)body size of family members
D)total amount of body fat, location of body fat, and presence or absence of weight-related medical problems

Question 38

The major goal for weight reduction in the treatment of obesity is the loss of ________.

A)weight
B)body fat
C)body water
D)body protein

Question 39

An example of an appropriate weight-loss strategy would be a ________.

A)food plan that meets the nutritional needs of the patient
B)diet based on readily obtainable foods
C)plan that encourages increased physical activity
D)plan that helps the patient relinquish obesity-promoting beliefs
E)All of these choices are accurate

Question 40

How many calories are in one pound of fat?

A)2500
B)3500
C)4500
D)5500

Question 41

To counteract the binge, the bulimic patient may ________.

A)induce vomiting
B)take laxatives
C)over-exercise
D)All of these choices are accurate

Question 42

A weight-loss program is probably a fad diet if it ________.

A)recommends expensive nutrient supplements
B)uses testimonials from famous people to promote the diet
C)promotes quick weight loss
D)guarantees weight-loss success for everyone
E)All of these choices are accurate

Question 43

The major health risk from frequent vomiting due to bulimia nervosa is ________.

A)potassium imbalance
B)constipation
C)lanugo
D)swollen glands

Question 44

Eating disorders not otherwise specified ________.

A)are not really an eating disorder but more of a perception of having one
B)occur when a person can't decide whether to become an anorexic or bulimic
C)refers to a broad category that includes symptoms from both anorexia and bulimia
D)None of the answers are correct

Question 45

Anorexic individuals have trouble maintaining normal body temperature because of ________.

A)loss of body fat as insulation
B)lack of appropriate clothing as the person tries to show off his/her extreme thinness
C)increased synthesis of the thyroid hormone
D)wearing baggy clothes

Question 46

The essential difference between anorexia and bulimia ________.

A)is age of onset.Bulimia begins in early childhood
B)is gender.Men are far more likely to suffer from anorexia nervosa when they enter their teens
C)is that anorexic patients are much more secretive, while bulimia patients are much more open about their eating disorder
D)is that the bulimic turns to food during a crisis or problem, whereas the anorexic turns away from food

Question 47

Bulimic patients often have a problem with ________.

A)recognizing nutritious food choices
B)eating enough food to maintain a healthy body weight
C)obesity
D)an inability to control responses to impulse and desire

Question 48

A condition of self-induced semi-starvation is called ________.

A)bulimia
B)anorexia nervosa
C)kwashiorkor
D)baryophobia

Question 49

The semi-starvation of anorexia nervosa results in many physiological changes, such as ________.

A)decreased basal metabolism
B)lanugo
C)iron-deficiency anemia
D)dry, scaly, cold skin
E)All of these choices are accurate

Question 50

The most successful treatment for anorexia nervosa involves ________.

A)isolation from the family and forced tube feeding
B)dietary counseling on an outpatient basis by a registered dietitian
C)inpatient psychological, nutritional, and medical therapy, often involving the whole family
D)use of diuretics

Question 51

Lanugo is ________.

A)a substitute for missing adipose tissue
B)an insulator of body organs
C)fine downy hair covering the body
D)cessation of the menstrual cycle

Question 52

Maintenance of weight loss is fostered by ________.

A)eating breakfast
B)having a regular exercise plan
C)self-monitoring
D)All of these responses are correct

Question 53

Eating disorders frequently co-occur with which of the following psychological disorders?

A)depression
B)substance abuse
C)anxiety disorders
D)All of these choices are accurate.

Question 54

All of the following are useful behavior modification principles for weight control EXCEPT ________.

A)eliminating favorite foods from one's diet
B)working out with a friend
C)recording eating behaviors to identify situations that contribute to overeating
D)shopping from a grocery list

Question 55

The best way to handle a situation in which you "go off" your meal plan for weight loss is to ________.

A)go ahead and eat anything you want
B)skip eating tomorrow
C)assume lapses will occur and re-establish the program but feel guilty
D)learn from the experience by identifying triggers so that a repeat can be avoided

Question 56

The primary intent of gastroplasty is to ________.

A)speed transit time
B)limit stomach volume
C)prevent snacking
D)All of these choices are correct

Question 57

A fad diet for weight loss ________.

A)can result in quick weight loss
B)usually fails because habits are not changed
C)may be nutritionally inadequate
D)All of these choices are correct

Question 58

Anorexia nervosa can be defined as ________.

A)compulsive eating
B)purging
C)hyperactivity
D)psychological denial of appetite

Question 59

The highest rate of weight-loss success and maintenance among people with morbid obesity is seen with ________.

A)very-low-calorie diets (VLCDs)
B)jaw wiring
C)gastroplasty
D)commercial weight-loss programs

Question 60

Repeated self-induced vomiting may cause ________.

A)tears in the esophagus
B)stomach ulcers
C)electrolyte imbalances
D)tooth demineralization
E)All of these choices are correct

Question 61

Weight loss should be the focus of a healthy lifestyle.

Question 62

Losing weight is easier than keeping it off.

Question 63

Negative energy balance results from an energy deficit and weight loss occurs.

Question 64

Chewing contributes to satiety.

Question 65

Metabolism of protein may promote satiety by decreasing the secretion of a hormone called ghrelin.

Question 66

As cholecystokinin secretion increases, appetite increases.

Question 67

In treating morbid obesity with gastroplasty, the volume of the stomach is reduced to approximately 30 milliliters.

Question 68

Eating breakfast is a good strategy for losing weight.

Question 69

Being classified as overweight according to BMI does not necessarily equate to excess health risks if a person makes wise food choices and exercises.

Question 70

Exercise leads to development of more lean tissue, which reduces basal metabolism.

Question 71

Environmental factors are important influences on what we eat.

Question 72

Women carry more body fat than men for reproductive purposes.

Question 73

Stomach distention contributes to satiety.

Question 74

Setting a weight-loss goal of 10 pounds in six weeks is sound and attainable.

Question 75

Identical twins raised in different environments tend to have different weight gain patterns.

Question 76

Yo-yo dieters may eventually end up with more fat on their body, even if they end up weighing the same on the scale.

Question 77

Spot-reducing is a good way to lose weight in one area of the body.

Question 78

Genes account for up to 20% of weight differences between people.

Question 79

The part of our energy expenditure that we have direct control over is voluntary physical activity.

Question 80

Hunger signals change even while we eat.