Deck 23: Chemistry of the Nonmetals

Question 1

Determine the formula for an aluminosilicate where one-third of the silicons are replaced by an aluminum atom. The charge is balanced by potassium ions.

A)K₂(AlO₂)(SiO₂)₂
B)K(AlO₂)(SiO₂)
C)K(AlO₂)₂(SiO₂)₂
D)K(AlO₂)(SiO₂)₂
E)K₂(AlO₂)₂(SiO₂)₂

Answer 1

K(AlO₂)(SiO₂)₂

Question 2

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)All silicates are composed of SiO₄ tetrahedra that bond together through an oxygen to form single chains.
B)The fibrous nature of asbestos comes from its silicate network structure.
C)In some silicates, ionic bonding between a metal ion and an Si_xO_y^z- ion is what holds the structure together.
D)The flakiness of mica comes from its single silicate chain structure.
E)Silicates are easily soluble in water because they contain silicate anions in their structure.

Answer 2

In some silicates, ionic bonding between a metal ion and an Si_xO_y^z- ion is what holds the structure together.

Question 3

Refer to the above table. Use charge balance to determine the value of x in the pyrosilicate Zn_xSi₂O₇.

A)1
B)3
C)6
D)4
E)2

Answer 3

3

Question 4

Determine the formula for an aluminosilicate where one-quarter of the silicons are replaced by an aluminum atom. The charge is balanced by sodium ions.

A)Na₂(AlO₂)₂(SiO₂)
B)Na₂(AlO₂)₂(SiO₂)₃
C)Na(AlO₂)₂(SiO₂)
D)Na₂(AlO₂)₂(SiO₂)₂
E)Na(AlO₂)(SiO₂)₃

Question 5

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Boron oxide, when added to silicon oxide glass, forms a more heat stable glass called Pyrex.
B)Boron most commonly forms compounds that fulfill the octet rule.
C)Boron forms fairly weak bonds with oxygen because of their large electronegativity difference.
D)Boron trichloride is an example of a strong Lewis base.
E)Boron is a typical gaseous nonmetallic element.

Question 6

Determine the formula for an aluminosilicate where one-half of the silicons are replaced by an aluminum atom. The charge is balanced by magnesium ions.

A)Mg(AlO₂)₂(SiO₂)₂
B)Mg₂(AlO₂)₂(SiO₂)₂
C)Mg₂(AlO₂)₂(SiO₂)
D)Mg₂(AlO₂)(SiO₂)₂
E)Mg(AlO₂)(SiO₂)₂

Question 7

Refer to the above table. Use charge balance to determine the value of x in the amphibole Mg₂(OH)₂Ca_x(Si₄O₁₁)₂.

A)1
B)4
C)2
D)5
E)3

Question 8

What is the shape of a boron trihalide?

A)trigonal planar
B)tetrahedral
C)linear
D)trigonal pyramidal
E)bent

Question 9

Refer to the above table. Use charge balance to determine the value of x in the pyroxene Ca_x(SiO₃)₂.

A)2
B)1
C)4
D)6
E)3

Question 10

Determine the number of vertices and faces in the closo-Borane B₇H₇^2-.

A)vertices = 4, faces = 10
B)vertices = 7, faces = 14
C)vertices = 3, faces = 6
D)vertices = 14, faces = 24
E)vertices = 7, faces = 10

Question 11

Refer to the above table. Use charge balance to determine the value of x in the orthosilicate Ca_xSiO₄.

A)3
B)1
C)2
D)4
E)6

Question 12

Which of the following are major components of Earth's crust?

A)oxygen and silicon
B)calcium and silicon
C)oxygen and iron
D)oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon
E)oxygen, iron, and carbon

Question 13

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Silicon atoms form π bonds as easily as carbon atoms do.
B)Silicates are covalent atomic solids that contain silicon and oxygen.
C)Silicon is the most abundant element in the Earth's crust.
D)Silicon is one of the strongest oxidizing agents.
E)SIlicon is the most electronegative element.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Boron is a large component of Earth's crust.
B)Boron is usually found in its elemental state in the Earth's crust.
C)Due to boron's small size and low electronegativity, it behaves as a semimetal instead of a metal.
D)Boron atoms don't typically bond to one another due to its small atomic radius.
E)There are at least five allotropes of elemental boron.

Question 15

Refer to the above table. Predict the silicate structure for KAl(SiO₃)₂.

A)phyllosilicate
B)orthosilicate
C)amphibole
D)pyroxene
E)pyrosilicate

Question 16

Refer to the above table. Predict the silicate structure for NaAl(SiO₄).

A)pyrosilicate
B)amphibole
C)orthosilicate
D)phyllosilicate
E)pyroxene

Question 17

Determine the number of vertices and faces in the closo-Borane B₁₀H₁₀^2-.

A)vertices = 10, faces = 16
B)vertices = 5, faces = 6
C)vertices = 5, faces = 10
D)vertices = 10, faces = 20
E)vertices = 20, faces = 36

Question 18

Identify the formula of the compound that is in common glass.

A)SiO₂
B)Si₂O₃
C)SiO₃
D)Si₂O₂
E)SiO₄

Question 19

Refer to the above table. Use charge balance to determine the value of x in the phyllosilicate Ca₃(Si₂O₅)₂(OH)_x.

A)6
B)4
C)3
D)1
E)2

Question 20

Refer to the above table. Predict the silicate structure for CaMg₂(Si₂O₇).

A)orthosilicate
B)pyrosilicate
C)pyroxene
D)amphibole
E)phyllosilicate

Question 21

Determine the oxidation state of sulfur in S₂O₃^2-.

A)+3
B)+6
C)+2
D)+4
E)0

Question 22

Determine the oxidation state of carbon in the carbonate ion CO₃^2-.

A)+2
B)+4
C)+3
D)+6
E)+8

Question 23

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Sheets of graphitic carbon bond strongly to one another.
B)The graphite form of carbon is more dense than diamond.
C)Carbon atoms sometimes cluster together into substances called fullerenes.
D)The diamond form of carbon conducts electricity.
E)Graphite is the hardest known material.

Question 24

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Water and H₂S have the same bond angles.
B)Hydrofluoric acid is a strong reducing agent.
C)Sulfur is a stronger oxidizing agent than oxygen.
D)Water is less stable than H₂S.
E)Sulfuric acid is a strong oxidizing agent.

Question 25

Determine the oxidation state of carbon in the ionic carbide CaC₂.

A)-2
B)+4
C)-1
D)+1
E)-4

Question 26

Determine the oxidation state of nitrogen in NO₃^⁻.

A)+1
B)+6
C)+2
D)+3
E)+5

Question 27

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Ammonium nitrate is insoluble in water.
B)Sodium nitrite is used in the glass industry.
C)NO₂ reacts with water to form ammonia.
D)Hydrazine is a good reducing agent.
E)Nitric acid is a weak acid.

Question 28

What is the name of powdered form of carbon, which is a component of soot?

A)diamond
B)graphite
C)fullerenes
D)bucky balls
E)carbon black

Question 29

Determine the number of vertices and faces in the closo-Borane B₁₂H₁₂^2-.

A)vertices = 12, faces = 24
B)vertices = 12, faces = 20
C)vertices = 8, faces = 16
D)vertices = 6, faces = 8
E)vertices = 8, faces = 12

Question 30

Determine the oxidation state of nitrogen in NaN₃.

A)+1
B)+3
C)-1
D)-
E)-3

Question 31

What is the oxidation number of oxygen in Na₂O?

A)-4
B)+2
C)-2
D)-1
E)+1

Question 32

Determine the oxidation state of phosphorus in P₂O₇⁴⁻.

A)+5
B)+4
C)+3
D)+7
E)+2

Question 33

What is the major drawback to using bituminous coal as an energy source?

A)It has very low carbon content.
B)It contains a high amount of sulfur, which when burned contributes to acid rain.
C)It has an extremely high surface area, which makes it difficult to burn.
D)Bituminous coal is noncrystalline, which gives it a low energy/gram ratio.
E)Bituminous coal is very expensive to produce and transport.

Question 34

Determine the oxidation state of chlorine in ClO⁻.

A)0
B)+1
C)-2
D)-1
E)+2

Question 35

What is the oxidation number of oxygen in H₂O₂?

A)-4
B)+2
C)-2
D)-1
E)+1

Question 36

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Ionic carbides form between carbon and another highly electronegative element.
B)Carbides are soft materials with low melting points.
C)Metallic carbides are more malleable than the pure metal.
D)Covalent carbides are formed between carbon and a nonmetal with low electronegativity.
E)Carbides can be cationic, anionic, and covalent.

Question 37

Which of the following is TRUE?

A)Phosphoric acid is used to produce the "fizziness" in soda.
B)Sodium phosphate is an additive in baked goods to give them a longer shelf life.
C)Phosphorus can range in oxidation state from -3 to +5.
D)The phosphorus in the phosphite ion has an oxidation state of -3.
E)Phosphoric acid is a very strong oxidizing agent, just like nitric acid.

Question 38

Tetraphosphorus decoxide reacts with water to produce phosphoric acid. Write a balanced reaction for this process.

A)P₄O₁₀ + 6H₂O → 4H₃PO₄
B)P₂O₅ + 3H₂O → 2H₃PO₃
C)P₄ + 3O_{2 +} 6H₂O → 4H₃PO₄
D)P₄O₁₀ + 4H₂O → 4H₂PO₃
E)P₄ + 3O_{2 +} 6H₂O → 4H₃PO₃

Question 39

Identify an example of a nitrite.

A)NaNO₂
B)NO
C)N₂O
D)NaNO₃
E)NO₂

Question 40

Write the balanced equation that represents the formation of hydrofluoric acid from the reaction of calcium fluoride with sulfuric acid.

A)CaF₂ + H₂S → CaS + 2HF
B)CF₄ + 2H₂S → 4HF + CS₂
C)CF₄ + 2H₂SO₄ → 4HF + CS₂ + CO₂
D)CaF₂ + H₂SO₄ → 2HF + CaSO₄
E)CaF₂ + H₂SO₃ → CaSO₃ + 2HF

Question 41

Match the following.

pyrosilicate

A)Si₂O₅^2-
B)SiO₄^4-
C)Si₄O₁₁^6-
D)SiO₃^2-
E)Si₂O₇^6-

Question 42

Draw the Lewis structure for IF₄⁻ and determine the geometry of the ion.

Question 43

Write the balanced reaction that shows the formation of ICl₃ from its elements.

Question 44

Why are phosphate compounds added to detergents?

Question 45

Match the following.

pyroxene

A)Si₂O₅^2-
B)SiO₄^4-
C)Si₄O₁₁^6-
D)SiO₃^2-
E)Si₂O₇^6-

Question 46

Why are the chemical properties of nitrogen and phosphorus so different when they are in the same family?

Question 47

Match the following.

amphibole

A)Si₂O₅^2-
B)SiO₄^4-
C)Si₄O₁₁^6-
D)SiO₃^2-
E)Si₂O₇^6-

Question 48

Describe the major production method for obtaining oxygen.

Question 49

Match the following.

phyllosilicate

A)Si₂O₅^2-
B)SiO₄^4-
C)Si₄O₁₁^6-
D)SiO₃^2-
E)Si₂O₇^6-

Question 50

Match the following.

orthosilicate

A)Si₂O₅^2-
B)SiO₄^4-
C)Si₄O₁₁^6-
D)SiO₃^2-
E)Si₂O₇^6-