Deck 24: Metals and Metallury

Question 1

Which of the following processes is used to form metal components from very small metal particles?

A)electrometallurgy
B)hydrometallurgy
C)pyrometallurgy
D)powder metallurgy
E)smelting

Answer 1

powder metallurgy

Question 2

Identify the substances that are homogeneous, naturally occurring, crystalline inorganic solids.

A)slag
B)minerals
C)ores
D)gangue
E)alloy

Answer 2

minerals

Question 3

Which of the following describes slag?

A)a waste material that is the product of smelting a metal ore
B)the aqueous portion of the gangue separated from a metal ore
C)a low-density waste product, formed from the reaction of gangue with another substance, that can be easily separated from the metal ore of interest
D)a substance that reacts with the gangue to make a low-density liquid compound that can be easily separated from the metal of interest
E)a heavy precipitate containing by-products obtained during the purification process

Answer 3

a low-density waste product, formed from the reaction of gangue with another substance, that can be easily separated from the metal ore of interest

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of calcination?

A)2CuS(s)+ 3O₂ 2CuO(s)+ 2SO₂(g)
B)SnO₂(s)+ 2C(s) Sn(l)+ 2CO(g)
C)CaCO₃(s)+ SiO₂(s) CaSiO₃(l)+ CO₂(g)
D)MgCO₃(s) MgO(s)+ CO₂(g)
E)PbO(s)+ CO(g) Pb(l)+ CO₂(g)

Question 5

Powder metallurgy is

A)refining of metal ores using oxidation-reduction reactions.
B)refining of metal ores using heat.
C)forming metal parts using electricity.
D)refining of metal ores using reactions with aqueous solutions.
E)forming metal parts using heat and small crystals of metal.

Question 6

Leaching is

A)melting an ore and separating it from the lower density gangue.
B)selectively dissolving a metal in solution to separate it from its ore.
C)the process of heating an ore to drive off volatile compounds.
D)heating an ore in the presence of oxygen or another substance to purify the ore and obtain the liquid metal.
E)heating an ore in the presence of oxygen or another substance to cause a chemical reaction that drives off newly formed volatile compounds.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of roasting?

A)CaCO₃(s) CaO(s)+ CO₂(g)
B)PbO(s)+ CO(g) Pb(l)+ CO₂(g)
C)SnO₂(s)+ 2C(s) Sn(l)+ 2CO(g)
D)Ni(OH)₂(s) NiO(s)+ H₂O(g)
E)2CuS(s)+ 3O₂ 2CuO(s)+ 2SO₂(g)

Question 8

Which compound in the following reaction is the slag? 2Ca₃(PO₄)₂(s)+ 6SiO₂(s)+ 10C(s) P₄(g)+ 6CaSiO₃(l)+ 10CO(s)

A)CaSiO₃
B)CO
C)P₄
D)SiO₂
E)Ca₃(PO₄)₂

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of smelting?

A)PbO(s)+ CO(g) Pb(l)+ CO₂(g)
B)2CuS(s)+ 3O₂ 2CuO(s)+ 2SO₂(g)
C)CaCO₃(s) CaO(s)+ CO₂(g)
D)Ni(OH)₂(s) NiO(s)+ H₂O(g)
E)2Hg(l)+ O₂(g) 2HgO(s)

Question 10

Roasting is

A)forming metal parts using heat and small crystals of metal.
B)the process of heating an ore to drive off volatile compounds.
C)selectively dissolving a metal in solution to separate it from its ore.
D)heating an ore in the presence of oxygen or another substance to purify the ore and obtain the liquid metal.
E)heating an ore in the presence of oxygen or another substance to cause a chemical reaction that drives off newly formed volatile compounds.

Question 11

What method is used to obtain pure aluminum metal from Al₂O₃?

A)smelting
B)powder metallurgy
C)Hall process
D)leaching
E)calcination

Question 12

Smelting is

A)heating an ore in the presence of oxygen or another substance to purify the ore and obtain the liquid metal.
B)selectively dissolving a metal in solution to separate it from its ore.
C)the process of heating an ore to drive off volatile compounds.
D)heating an ore in the presence of oxygen or another substance to cause a chemical reaction that drives off newly formed volatile compounds.
E)forming metal parts using heat and small crystals of metal.

Question 13

Which of the following describes gangue?

A)the undesirable product formed during smelting
B)the undesirable portion of a metal-containing ore
C)the volatile product formed during calcination
D)a waste material that is the product of smelting a metal ore
E)a crude metal that still has to be further purified for industrial use

Question 14

Electrometallurgy is

A)refining of metal ores using heat.
B)forming metal parts using electricity.
C)forming metal parts using heat and small crystals of metal.
D)refining of metal ores using oxidation-reduction reactions.
E)refining of metal ores using reactions with aqueous solutions.

Question 15

Calcination is

A)heating an ore in the presence of oxygen or another substance to cause a chemical reaction that drives off newly formed volatile compounds.
B)heating an ore in the presence of oxygen or another substance to purify the ore and obtain the liquid metal.
C)selectively dissolving a metal in solution to separate it from its ore.
D)the process of heating an ore to drive off volatile compounds.
E)forming metal parts using heat and small crystals of metal.

Question 16

Which of the following is a general property of a metal?

A)high resistivity
B)good conductor of heat
C)low boiling point
D)low melting point
E)high electronegativity

Question 17

Pyrometallurgy is the

A)refining of metal ores using reactions with aqueous solutions.
B)refining of metal ores using heat.
C)refining of metal ores using oxidation-reduction reactions.
D)forming of metal parts using heat and small crystals of metal.
E)forming of metal parts using electricity.

Question 18

Which of the following describes flux?

A)a waste material that is the product of smelting a metal ore
B)the aqueous portion of the gangue separated from a metal ore
C)a low-density waste product, formed from the reaction of gangue with another substance, that can be easily separated from the metal ore of interest
D)a substance that reacts with the gangue to make a low-density liquid compound that can be easily separated from the metal of interest
E)a low-density material that floats on the liquid during purification by flotation

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE of powder metallurgy?

A)Machining is required after forming the component.
B)There is more waste than with casting the molten metal.
C)Iron powder from mill scrap makes a denser component than iron particles formed through water atomization.
D)It is used to separate gangue from the rest of the metal ore.
E)It usually requires lower temperatures than casting the molten metal.

Question 20

Hydrometallurgy is

A)refining of metal ores using oxidation-reduction reactions.
B)refining of metal ores using heat.
C)refining of metal ores using reactions with aqueous solutions.
D)forming metal parts using heat and small crystals of metal.
E)forming tiny metal crystals using heat and water spray.

Question 21

Match the following.

Pb

A)sphalerite
B)rhodochrosite
C)rutile
D)carnotite
E)malachite
F)galena
G)cinnabar

Question 22

Match the following.

V

A)sphalerite
B)rhodochrosite
C)rutile
D)carnotite
E)malachite
F)galena
G)cinnabar

Question 23

An interstitial alloy contains carbon in one-fourth of the octahedral holes of a closest-packed metal, M. What is the formula of this alloy?

A)M₄C
B)MC₄
C)MC
D)M₂C
E)MC₂

Question 24

Which substance is the best conductor of electricity?

A)arsenic
B)boron
C)silver
D)tellurium

Question 25

Which of the following is TRUE concerning substitutional alloys?

A)The metals involved must have similar radii.
B)One type of metal atom is inserted in between the metal atoms in the initial crystal structure of the other metal.
C)The two metals must be miscible over the entire composition range.
D)Titanium carbide is an example of a substitutional alloy.
E)The metals forming a substitutional alloy must have very different electronegativities.

Question 26

Which of the following is an example of a hydrometallurgical process?

A)Al(OH)₃(s)+ SiO₂(s) AlSiO₃(s)+ 3H₂O(g)
B)Ni(OH)₂(s) NiO(s)+ H₂O(g)
C)2Al(OH)₃(s) Al₂O₃(s)+ 3H₂O(g)
D)CuSO₄^∙5H₂O(s)+ H₂O(l) CuS(s)+ H₂SO₄(aq)+ 5OH⁻(aq)
E)Al₂O₃^∙nH₂O(s)+ 2OH⁻(aq)+ 2H₂O(l) 2Al(OH)₄⁻(aq)

Question 27

Identify a balanced equation for the calcination of NiCO₃.

A)NiCO₃(s)+ CaO(s) NiO(s)+ CaCO₃(s)
B) NiCO₃(s) NiO(s)+ CO₂(g)
C)NiCO₃(s)+ C(s) NiO(s)+ 2CO(g)
D)NiCO₃(s)+ SiO₂(s) NiSiO₃(s)+ CO₂(g)
E)NiCO₃(s)+ CO(g) NiO(s)+ 2CO₂(g)

Question 28

What is the highest oxidation number of chromium?

A)+3
B)+4
C)+5
D)+7
E)+6

Question 29

Identify a balanced reaction for the smelting of SnO₂ with carbon.

A)SnO₂(s)+ CO₂(g) SnCO₃(s)
B)SnO₂(s)+ CaCO₃(s) SnC(s)+ CaO(s)+ O₂(g)
C)SnO₂(s)+ 2C(s) Sn(l)+ 2CO(g)
D)2SnO₂(s)+ 2CaC₂(s) 2SnC₂(s)+ 2CaO(s)+ O₂(g)
E)SnO₂(s)+ 2CO(g) Sn(l)+ 2CO₂(g)

Question 30

Identify a balanced equation for the calcination of Al(OH)₃.

A)2Al(OH)₃(s) Al₂O₃(s)+ 3H₂O(g)
B)Al(OH)₃(s)+ SiO₂(s) AlSiO₃(s)+ 3H₂O(g)
C)2Al(OH)₃(s)+ O₂(g) Al₂O₃(s)+ 3H₂O(g)
D)Al(OH)₃(s)+ C(s) Al₂O₃(s)+ CO₂(g)+ H₂O(g)
E)2Al(OH)₃(s)+ 3CO(g) Al₂O₃(s)+ 3CO₂(g)+ 3H₂O(g)

Question 31

Why can't chromium and nickel form a miscible solid solution over the entire composition range?

A)The lever rule says that these two metals can't coexist in an alloy.
B)The two metals crystallize into different cubic structures in their pure forms.
C)The tetrahedral holes in the nickel crystal are not large enough to accommodate the chromium.
D)The octahedral holes in the chromium crystal are not large enough to accommodate the nickel.
E)Chromium atoms can only fit inside tetrahedral holes, which are not present in the structure of pure nickel.

Question 32

What are the components of bronze?

A)copper and tin
B)lead and aluminum
C)nickel and zinc
D)copper and zinc
E)zinc and lead

Question 33

Match the following.

Hg

A)sphalerite
B)rhodochrosite
C)rutile
D)carnotite
E)malachite
F)galena
G)cinnabar

Question 34

What are the components of brass?

A)copper and tin
B)lead and aluminum
C)nickel and zinc
D)copper and zinc
E)zinc and lead

Question 35

An interstitial alloy contains hydrogen in half of the tetrahedral holes of a closest-packed metal, M. What is the formula of this alloy?

A)MH
B)MH₄
C)MH₂
D)M₂H
E)M₄H

Question 36

Which of the following is TRUE concerning interstitial alloys?

A)The metal takes on the properties of the foreign atoms once they are present.
B)Small atoms fit in between the metal atoms in the crystal structure.
C)Brass is an example of an interstitial alloy.
D)The foreign atoms present weaken the metallic structure.
E)They are alloys composed of two nonmetallic elements.

Question 37

Which of the following is TRUE concerning point "B" on the figure?

A)The alloy is composed of the BCC structure.
B)The alloy is composed of the FCC structure.
C)The alloy is composed of both FCC and BCC phases, with a larger portion of BCC present.
D)The alloy is composed of both FCC and BCC phases, with a larger portion of FCC present.
E)The alloy is composed of both FCC and BCC phases, with equal portions of each phase.

Question 38

Identify the normal crystal structure at room temperature for Ni.

A)face-centred cubic
B)body-centred cubic
C)tetrahedral
D)hexagonal
E)hexagonal closest packed

Question 39

An interstitial alloy contains nitrogen in half of the octahedral holes of a closest-packed metal, M. What is the formula of this alloy?

A)MN
B)MN₂
C)M₄N
D)M₂N
E)MN₄

Question 40

Which of the following is TRUE concerning point "D" on the figure?

A)The alloy is composed of the BCC structure.
B)The alloy is composed of the FCC structure.
C)The alloy is composed of both FCC and BCC phases, with a larger portion of FCC present.
D)The alloy is composed of both FCC and BCC phases, with a larger portion of BCC present.
E)The alloy is composed of both FCC and BCC phases, with equal portions of each phase.

Question 41

Match the following.

Mn

A)sphalerite
B)rhodochrosite
C)rutile
D)carnotite
E)malachite
F)galena
G)cinnabar

Question 42

Match the following.

Ti

A)sphalerite
B)rhodochrosite
C)rutile
D)carnotite
E)malachite
F)galena
G)cinnabar

Question 43

Match the following.

Zn

A)sphalerite
B)rhodochrosite
C)rutile
D)carnotite
E)malachite
F)galena
G)cinnabar

Question 44

Why is zinc used to coat steel objects?

Question 45

What is an advantage of hydrometallurgical processes over pyrometallurgical processes?

Question 46

Why does a "two-phase" structure occur in a substitutional alloy?

Question 47

Describe the difference between a substitutional alloy and an interstitial alloy.

Question 48

Match the following.

Cu

A)sphalerite
B)rhodochrosite
C)rutile
D)carnotite
E)malachite
F)galena
G)cinnabar

Question 49

What is the difference between ferromagnetism and paramagnetism?