Deck 29: The Great War: The World in Upheaval

Question 1

Which of the following was NOT a common component of the early trench warfare experience in World War I?

A)lice
B)rats
C)rain
D)massive aerial bombing
E)machine guns

Answer 1

massive aerial bombing

Question 2

The first total war in world history was

A)the Crimean War.
B)the American Civil War.
C)World War II.
D)the Franco-Prussian War.
E)World War I.

Answer 2

World War I.

Question 3

The Somme was

A)the battle in 1914 that halted the German Schlieffen plan.
B)a huge German offensive against the French lines in 1916.
C)a disastrous Italian defeat that destroyed any hope for an Italian invasion of Austria.
D)the first great American victory of the war.
E)an English assault in 1916 that gained a few thousand yards.

Answer 3

an English assault in 1916 that gained a few thousand yards.

Question 4

Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of the new total war of World War I?

A)the use of propaganda to inspire the participants to even greater sacrifice
B)women taking on traditionally male jobs
C)the extension of laissez-faire capitalism to its greatest extent
D)recognition of the importance of the home front in the war effort
E)conscription of soldiers

Question 5

The soldiers who marched off in 1914 to fight in World War I were mostly

A)depressed,because they remembered the incredible slaughter of the Franco-Prussian War.
B)mercenary troops.
C)extremely poor farmers that needed income for work as a soldier.
D)depressed because of their religious opposition to the war.
E)enthusiastic young men who expected a quick victory.

Question 6

World War I boiled over from the assassination of

A)Francis Joseph.
B)Nicholas II.
C)Alexander Kerensky.
D)Franz Ferdinand.
E)Otto von Bismarck.

Question 7

The term for the idea that people with the same ethnic origins,language,and political ideals had the right to form sovereign states was

A)utopian socialism.
B)positive nationalism.
C)democratic republicanism.
D)Fabianism.
E)self-determination.

Question 8

What effect did World War I have on the status of women?

A)Working-class women enjoyed the greatest advancement in economic opportunity.
B)The demands of total war actually reduced opportunities for women.
C)All women were able to take advantage of new economic opportunities,which lasted long past the end of the war.
D)The slaughter caused by capitalistic tensions caused 32 percent of women to join socialist or communist parties.
E)Women in many countries received the vote in the years after the war.

Question 9

Slavic cultural unity was actively promoted by

A)Germany.
B)the United States.
C)Russia.
D)Austria-Hungary.
E)Italy.

Question 10

The military plan that called for an invasion of France followed by defensive action against Russia was called

A)Plan XVII.
B)the Bismarck plan.
C)the Schlieffen plan.
D)the Brest-Litovsk Offense.
E)the Belgian insertion plan.

Question 11

In World War I,the eastern front was

A)characterized by more fluid battle lines than the western front.
B)a bloody stalemate.
C)an Austrian victory in which Austria displaced Germany as the leading Central Power.
D)a hard-fought,albeit slow,English and French victory.
E)dominated by the Ottoman Turks.

Question 12

In 1914,Britain's share of the world's industrial output

A)was tied for tenth in the world.
B)had dropped behind that of the United States and Germany.
C)was roughly the same as Germany's.
D)was the world's largest.
E)stood at twice that of its nearest competitor.

Question 13

Approximately how many combatants died in World War I?

A)one million
B)three million
C)four million
D)nine million
E)fifteen million

Question 14

The German offensive of 1914 was halted at

A)Gallipoli.
B)the Marne River.
C)Verdun.
D)the Somme.
E)Prussia.

Question 15

The western front in World War I was

A)a German victory,after the French abandoned their English allies.
B)a bloody stalemate.
C)an overwhelming French and English victory.
D)a relatively easy German victory.
E)an Italian victory that changed the shape of the war.

Question 16

The members of the Triple Alliance were

A)England,France,and Russia.
B)Germany,Austria-Hungary,and Russia.
C)Russia,Italy,and Germany.
D)Germany,Austria-Hungary,and Italy.
E)England,France,and Italy.

Question 17

The massive German assault on the western front in 1916 was

A)the Somme.
B)the Marne.
C)Gallipoli.
D)Verdun.
E)Caporetto.

Question 18

Which of the following was NOT an important area of competition and conflict between England and Germany in the years leading up to World War I?

A)religious differences
B)the naval race
C)colonial disputes
D)industrial and trade rivalry
E)nationalistic tensions

Question 19

The nationalistic aspirations of subject minorities was most threatening to which of the following states?

A)England
B)Austria-Hungary
C)Spain
D)France
E)Germany

Question 20

The French were deeply suspicious of German expansion because of

A)Germany's role in the final defeat of Napoleon.
B)the solid total alliance between the British and the Germans.
C)the rise of Adolf Hitler.
D)the inability of the French to forget their humiliating defeat in the Franco-Prussian War.
E)German support for Basque separatists.

Question 21

Trenches along the western front ran from the English Channel to Switzerland.

Question 22

In the wake of World War I,Mustafa Kemal became president of

A)Russia.
B)Egypt.
C)Persia.
D)Syria.
E)Turkey.

Question 23

The underlying causes of the Great War included intense nationalism,ethnic resentments,pursuit of economic interests,colonial rivalries,and a general struggle over the balance of power in Europe.

Question 24

The Japanese entered World War I through an action designed to

A)express anger over German atrocities against Chinese civilians.
B)preserve the long-standing Franco-Japanese alliance.
C)prevent America from entering China.
D)acquire German colonies in Asia.
E)end Austrian colonial aspirations in the Pacific.

Question 25

The official factor in the United States' decision to enter World War I was

A)its long-standing friendship with Great Britain.
B)its position as leader of the free world.
C)the U.S.desire to pick up German colonies in the Pacific.
D)age-old antagonism between the United States and the Ottoman Turks.
E)Germany's resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare.

Question 26

The Twenty-one Demands were issued

A)by the United States to Japan.
B)by Japan to China.
C)by Austria to Serbia.
D)by England to Germany.
E)by Germany to France.

Question 27

Which of the following was a German colony in Africa during World War I?

A)Togoland
B)South Africa
C)Congo
D)Algeria
E)Nigeria

Question 28

The Triple Alliance grew out of a close relationship among England,France,and Russia during the latter half of the nineteenth century.

Question 29

Which one of the following is NOT an explanation for the expansion of World War I to Asia,Africa,and the Pacific?

A)European nations carried their animosities into their colonies.
B)Japan saw the war as an opportunity to grab German colonies.
C)The German invasion of neutral Belgium was a profound breech of international law.
D)Europeans were forced to recruit soldiers from their colonies because of the demands of the war.
E)Japan,the United States,and the Ottoman empire entered the conflict,giving it global significance.

Question 30

The February Revolution of 1917

A)swept Lenin into power in Russia and led to the creation of the Soviet Union.
B)resulted in the long-anticipated collapse of the Ottoman empire.
C)forced France out of the war.
D)led to the establishment of a provisional government in Russia that dismantled many repressive parts of the tsarist state.
E)erupted after the assassination of Nicholas II.

Question 31

The mandate system

A)led to the occupation of Germany after the war.
B)allowed the Germans to repay their reparations to the Allied powers.
C)allowed for the rapid spread of communism.
D)particularly angered the Arab world because it violated promises made by the French and British.
E)was one of Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points.

Question 32

What major power was NOT invited to attend the Paris peace negotiations that led to the Treaty of Versailles?

A)Britain
B)France
C)the United States
D)the Soviet Union
E)Belgium

Question 33

During the Great War,the Ottoman government branded Armenians as traitorous internal enemies who threatened the security of the state,and unleashed a murderous campaign against them.

Question 34

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

A)was harsh toward the Germans and led to resentment after the war.
B)forged the alliance between England and France that would later be expanded to the Triple Entente.
C)forced the Chinese to give Hong Kong to the British.
D)ended Russia's involvement in World War I.
E)was shaped by American desires.

Question 35

Known as the Bismarck plan,Germany's war plan called for the swift knockout of France followed by defensive action against Russia.

Question 36

The Great War became total: that is,fought between entire societies,not just between armies.

Question 37

Which of the following was most indicative of Europe's reduced economic might in the wake of the war?

A)Europe's inability to field a navy
B)Europe's greater reliance on income from its colonies
C)Europe's reversed financial relationship with the U.S.
D)Europe's inability,over the long term,to overcome serious inflation
E)Europe's greater investment in foreign markets

Question 38

The machine gun represented one of the most important advances in military technology and compelled military leaders to rethink their battlefield tactics.

Question 39

The main reason for the failure of the provisional government in Russia in 1917 was

A)Lenin's inexperience in actually running a government.
B)the growing rivalry between Stalin and Trotsky.
C)the strain placed on the government by the unpopular alliance with Germany.
D)the public's desire for total victory,which clashed with the government's pacifistic approach.
E)its inability to satisfy popular demands for an end to the war and for land reform.

Question 40

The last tsar of Russia was

A)Alexander II.
B)Ivan IV.
C)Nicholas II.
D)Ivan III.
E)Alexander III.

Question 41

Summarize the forces set in motion by the assassination of the Archduke Ferdinand in 1914.When and why did the war begin?

Question 42

The official factor in the United States' decision to enter the war was Germany's resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare in February 1917.

Question 43

Examine the causes of the Russian revolution.How was it tied to World War I? What were Lenin's main ideas? How did he transform Russia and the world?

Question 44

What role did women play in World War I? What effect would their contribution to the war effort have on their lives both during and after the war? How does this effect relate to concepts such as total war and the home front?

Question 45

What were the major consequences of World War I? How was the world transformed by this bloody confrontation?

Question 46

How did the war transform civilian life? Consider especially the enlarged role of the government.

Question 47

How did the imperialistic rivalries of the European powers contribute to international tensions before World War I? Be specific.

Question 48

Would the experiences of the soldiers of World War I be representative of all soldiers in all wars? Was there something unique about the experiences of these soldiers? What would their experiences say about warfare in the twentieth century?

Question 49

What were the fundamental mistakes of the negotiators at Paris who drew up the Treaty of Versailles? Were they doomed from the start? Was World War II inevitable?

Question 50

Examine the role that the United States played in World War I.Why did the United States enter the war in the first place? How was the United States affected by the war? How did the United States shape the end of the war?

Question 51

Examine the course of World War I in Asia,Africa,and the Pacific.Why did the war spread? How important were these centers of the war? How were these areas influenced by the war?

Question 52

What was the typical experience of the soldier in World War I? Explain how new technologies changed the experience of war.

Question 53

Discuss the factors that led to the outbreak of World War I.What role did the alliance system play in this process? What role did nationalism and imperialism play in the road to World War I?

Question 54

The most significant economic loss to Europe following the Great War was the loss of overseas investments and foreign markets.

Question 55

The final form of the peace treaty that ended the Great War represented Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points.

Question 56

Examine the concept of "total war." How was World War I different from earlier wars? How important was the home front?

Question 57

Examine the picture of Lenin on page 573.What were the foundations of his philosophy? Could it be argued that Lenin was a child of World War I?

Question 58

What goals and values were expressed in the various nationalistic movements of the early twentieth century? Which ethnic groups in particular asserted the right of self-determination?

Question 59

Imagine that you are a common soldier in a World War I battle such as Verdun or the Somme.What obstacles would you have faced? Why would your offensive assaults not work?

Question 60

Examine maps 29.2 and 29.3.What were the major territorial changes mandated by the Paris Peace Conference? Was the new map so unstable that another war was inevitable?

Question 61

Why did Japan enter WWI? What did they gain?

Question 62

What factors caused the Russian revolutions in March and November of 1917? What changes emerged initially from these revolutions?

Question 63

How did the mandate system work in the Middle East? Who profited most from this system? Read the memorandum of the General Syrian Congress .How did the former colonies of the Ottoman empire feel about the system?

Question 64

When and why did the United States enter the war? What did this move mean?

Question 65

How did Lenin and the Bolsheviks come to power?

Question 66

What was the intent of the League of Nations? What were the weaknesses of this body?