Deck 27: The Cold War Key

Question 1

Beginning in 1947,the United States' policy of "containment" was

A) None of these answers is correct.
B) both the basis for its foreign policy for more than forty years, and an extension of the Atlantic Charter.
C) the basis for its foreign policy for more than forty years.
D) first applied in Poland.
E) an extension of the Atlantic Charter.

Answer 1

the basis for its foreign policy for more than forty years.

Question 2

In 1945,President Harry Truman conceded to communist authority in

A) Hungary.
B) China.
C) Berlin.
D) Poland.
E) Yugoslavia.

Answer 2

Poland.

Question 3

In 1947,the Truman Doctrine

A) both asserted it was the obligation of the United States to support free peoples around the world, and assumed the Soviet Union would continually attempt a global expansion of its authority.
B) assumed the Soviet Union would continually attempt a global expansion of its authority.
C) asserted it was the obligation of the United States to support free peoples around the world.
D) was initially invoked to provide aid to Greece and Turkey.
E) All these answers are correct.

Answer 3

All these answers are correct.

Question 4

In the years immediately following World War II,the United States policy toward Asia led

A) President Truman to threaten communists in China with atomic bombs.
B) President Harry Truman to place restrictions on industrial development in Japan.
C) to U.S. military intervention in China to fight communist advances there.
D) the Truman administration to encourage the rapid economic growth of Japan.
E) the United States to provide financial support to Mao Zedong for reasons of stability.

Question 5

All the following statements regarding the "zones of occupation" of Germany in 1945 are true EXCEPT that

A) at an unspecified date, Germany would be reunited.
B) all of Berlin was to be placed under Soviet control.
C) the zones were to be determined by the position of troops at the end of the war.
D) Roosevelt preferred a reconstructed and reunited Germany.
E) there were a total of four zones, each controlled by a different nation.

Question 6

At the conclusion of the Yalta Conference in 1945,basic disagreements remained on

A) All these answers are correct.
B) the unification of Germany.
C) both the government of Poland and the unification of Germany.
D) the government of Poland.
E) war reparations to the Soviet Union.

Question 7

In 1945,when Harry Truman became president,he

A) was already drawing up plans for his "Truman Doctrine."
B) believed Joseph Stalin could be trusted.
C) looked to Great Britain to contain the Soviet Union.
D) had almost no familiarity with foreign affairs.
E) renounced the Yalta accords signed by Roosevelt.

Question 8

By 1945,the Chinese government of Chiang Kai-shek had

A) willingly ceded authority to Mao Zedong.
B) designs on taking over conquered Japan.
C) grown antagonistic toward the United States.
D) drifted toward communism.
E) little popular support.

Question 9

U.S.aid through the Marshall Plan

A) was offered to the Soviet Union.
B) grew more controversial after a Soviet coup in Czechoslovakia in 1948.
C) had little impact on communist influence within nations that accepted aid.
D) was opposed by many Republicans in Congress.
E) failed to significantly revive European industrial production.

Question 10

President Harry Truman initially decided to "get tough" with the Soviet Union

A) after his first few days in office.
B) after it became clear Stalin was supporting communist forces in China.
C) at the Potsdam Conference.
D) following the end of the war in the Pacific.
E) once the United States had successfully used the atomic bomb.

Question 11

Between the Yalta Conference and his death,President Franklin Roosevelt

A) began to push for major reparations to the Soviet Union in hopes that it would bring Stalin on board with the Yalta agreements.
B) began to coordinate a military strike on the Soviet zone of occupation in Berlin.
C) concluded that diplomacy would not settle American differences with Stalin.
D) became increasingly concerned, though not without hope, that Stalin was not going to fulfill conference agreements.
E) saw no evidence that Stalin would not live up to his promises at Yalta.

Question 12

In early 1943 at a meeting in Casablanca,

A) Stalin argued against the Allies opening a second front in Western Europe.
B) Stalin threatened to make a separate peace with Germany.
C) Joseph Stalin had refused to attend.
D) Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt agreed the Axis powers must surrender unconditionally.
E) Churchill and Roosevelt agreed to follow Stalin's strategy to defeat Germany.

Question 13

The National Security Act of 1947

A) created the National Security Council.
B) created the Department of Defense.
C) combined the functions previously performed separately by the War and Navy Departments.
D) created the Central Intelligence Agency.
E) All these answers are correct.

Question 14

In 1945,when the United States Senate considered the proposed United Nations,it

A) made major changes to its charter.
B) quickly ratified the agreement by a large majority.
C) initially rejected American membership.
D) put the question to a national referendum.
E) refused to vote on the charter for nearly a year.

Question 15

At the Tehran Conference in late 1943,

A) Winston Churchill agreed to enter the war in the Pacific as soon as Germany was defeated.
B) Franklin Roosevelt knew Joseph Stalin urgently needed American aid in fighting Germany.
C) Franklin Roosevelt urged Joseph Stalin to postpone his westward offensive.
D) it was agreed that Poland should be put under Soviet control after the war.
E) Franklin Roosevelt promised an Anglo-American second front within six months.

Question 16

In designing the structure of the new United Nations,planners called for

A) a General Assembly in which select nations would have voting rights.
B) Germany and Japan to be added to the Security Council after 25 years.
C) the president of the UN to be selected from one of the five major powers.
D) each nation on the Security Council to have veto power over the others.
E) membership to be limited to one hundred nations.

Question 17

In 1945,Joseph Stalin's vision of a postwar world in which great powers would control strategic areas of interest was largely shared by

A) Harry Truman.
B) Winston Churchill.
C) Charles de Gaulle.
D) Franklin Roosevelt.
E) Mao Zedong.

Question 18

The United States was motivated to develop the Marshall Plan in 1947 due to

A) a desire to create strong European markets for American goods.
B) a desire to roll back communism from East Asia.
C) All these answers are correct.
D) both a humanitarian concern for the European people, and a desire to create strong European markets for American goods.
E) a humanitarian concern for the European people.

Question 19

In early 1945 at the Yalta Conference,

A) Joseph Stalin refused to agree to Roosevelt and Churchill's plans for the United Nations.
B) it was agreed that the Soviet Union should regain land lost in the 1904 Russo-Japanese War.
C) Joseph Stalin withdrew a promise to enter the Pacific war.
D) Winston Churchill left early in a dispute with Stalin.
E) Franklin Roosevelt was too ill to attend.

Question 20

The Soviet Union's 1948 blockade of West Berlin was primarily a response to the

A) Marshall Plan.
B) creation of a unified West Germany.
C) Truman Doctrine.
D) United States putting nuclear missiles in Turkey.
E) establishment of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

Question 21

In the 1948 presidential election,

A) both of these were the case: Harry Truman seemed to be the only one who believed he could win, and President Truman refrained from attacking Republicans for fear of alienating voters.
B) President Truman refrained from attacking Republicans, for fear of alienating voters.
C) the Progressive and "Dixiecrat" candidates combined for 20 percent of the popular vote.
D) None of these answers is correct.
E) Harry Truman seemed to be the only one who believed he could win.

Question 22

The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947

A) permitted the "closed shop."
B) was supported by President Truman.
C) prohibited states from passing "right-to-work" laws.
D) expanded the Wagner Act.
E) permitted the "union shop."

Question 23

The immediate cause of the Korean War,in 1950,was the

A) decision by the United States to send troops to South Korea.
B) military invasion of North Korea by China.
C) triumph of communism in China.
D) military invasion by North Korea into South Korea.
E) division of Korea into northern and southern halves.

Question 24

The Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944

A) helped to reduce government spending.
B) gave economic and education subsidies to veterans.
C) was limited to servicemen who had been wounded in combat.
D) explicitly discriminated against African Americans.
E) mainly provided counseling for emotionally troubled veterans.

Question 25

In 1948,President Harry Truman responded to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin by

A) threatening war with the Soviet Union.
B) encouraging the United Nations to pass economic sanctions.
C) creating a blockade of East Berlin.
D) airlifting supplies to West Berlin.
E) sending American paratroopers into West Berlin.

Question 26

All of the following statements regarding Korea are true EXCEPT that

A) the Soviet Union established a communist government in the north.
B) the United States left Korea in 1946.
C) the country was divided along the 38th parallel.
D) the Soviet Union left Korea in 1949.
E) in 1945, both the United States and the Soviet Union had troops in Korea.

Question 27

In 1949,the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

A) was created in response to the Soviet Union's Warsaw Pact.
B) called for a de-militarized zone across Western Europe.
C) both was created in response to the Soviet Union's Warsaw Pact, and declared that an attack on one member nation was an attack on all.
D) All these answers are correct.
E) declared that an attack on one member nation was an attack on all.

Question 28

The 1946 elections

A) saw Republicans argue that Truman aimed to roll back the New Deal.
B) revealed growing public support for President Harry Truman's domestic agenda.
C) saw the Democrats retain control of the House, but lose the Senate.
D) saw Republicans win control of both houses of Congress.
E) saw President Truman chastise Republican critics with the slogan "Had Enough?"

Question 29

In 1949,President Harry Truman succeeded in getting Congress to pass

A) federal aid to education.
B) significant tax cuts.
C) national health insurance.
D) civil rights legislation.
E) aid for public housing.

Question 30

dealt a blow to

A) communism in the United States.
B) voter discrimination.
C) Truman's plans for national health care.
D) labor unions.
E) housing discrimination.

Question 31

President Harry Truman's actions after the 1946 election included

A) deciding not to run for office in 1948.
B) calling his opponents "soft on communism."
C) proposing a major civil rights bill.
D) becoming more conservative.
E) abandoning his Fair Deal.

Question 32

During the mid-1940s,the American economy

A) experienced few labor strikes.
B) was plagued by serious inflation.
C) witnessed a significant tax increase.
D) confronted a wave of unexpected bank failures.
E) fell back to depression conditions.

Question 33

In the last months of 1949,events in the Soviet Union and China included

A) All these answers are correct.
B) the death of Joseph Stalin.
C) the collapse of Mao Zedong's government to communist forces.
D) Russia's successful test of an atomic weapon.
E) both the collapse of Mao Zedong's government to communist forces, and the death of Joseph Stalin.

Question 34

In 1948,the Americans for Democratic Action

A)supported Henry A.Wallace for president.
B)supported Strom Thurmond for president.
C)formed as a coalition of conservative Democrats.
D)was the major support group for President Harry Truman.
E)tried to draft Dwight D.Eisenhower for president.

Question 35

The 1950 National Security Council report known as NSC-68 stated

A) that Chinese aggression against Taiwan would result in war.
B) the United States must gradually increase its level of defense spending.
C) the defense of Western Europe was the key to winning the fight against communism.
D) Western allies must take the initiative in resisting communism in their region.
E) the United States must resist communism anywhere it developed in the world.

Question 36

A 1948 public opinion poll revealed that a majority of Americans believed atomic power would

A) cause significant harm to the environment if used as an energy source.
B) in the long run, do more good than harm.
C) have few practical applications in the foreseeable future.
D) be used in war within the next five years.
E) likely result in the destruction of much of human civilization in the next few decades.

Question 37

In 1949,the Truman administration made progress in civil rights by

A) ordering the desegregation of public transportation.
B) establishing the Fair Employment Practices Commission.
C) making lynching a federal crime.
D) ordering an end to discrimination in the hiring of government employees.
E) abolishing the poll tax.

Question 38

President Harry Truman's Fair Deal called for

A) a freeze on the minimum wage to combat inflation.
B) a slight reduction of Social Security benefits.
C) a retraction of many New Deal programs.
D) an end to the Fair Employment Practices Act and other wartime measures.
E) the creation of national health insurance.

Question 39

The government of Syngman Rhee in Korea after World War II

A) was remarkably democratic.
B) had a powerful military.
C) was supported by the Soviet Union.
D) was backed by communists in China.
E) was pro-Western.

Question 40

Following World War II,the great majority of working American women

A) voluntarily left the labor force.
B) kept the same jobs they had had during the war.
C) wanted to keep working.
D) found themselves excluded from nearly all employment.
E) moved to jobs outside the service sector.

Question 41

The initial response by the American public to the dismissal of General Douglas MacArthur was

A) anger at China.
B) anger at the United Nations.
C) criticism of MacArthur.
D) relief that nuclear war had been avoided.
E) criticism of President Truman.

Question 42

Of the following,the HUAC investigation of Alger Hiss primarily helped the political career of

A)John Kennedy.
B)Ronald Reagan.
C)Lyndon B.Johnson.
D)Joseph McCarthy.
E)Richard Nixon.

Question 43

In 1947,the first target of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)was

A) the Democratic Party.
B) the State Department.
C) the movie industry.
D) labor unions.
E) the American Communist Party.

Question 44

At Casablanca,Roosevelt and Churchill announced that they would accept nothing less than the unconditional surrender of the Axis powers.

Question 45

The Truman administration responded in 1950 to the onset of fighting in Korea by

A) telling South Korea to stand down.
B) calling on the United Nations to intervene.
C) warning China not to intervene.
D) declaring war on North Korea.
E) threatening the use of atomic weapons.

Question 46

During the Korean War,the Truman administration faced major strikes in the industries of

A) steel and textiles.
B) textiles and coal.
C) coal and rail.
D) rail and steel.
E) rail and textiles.

Question 47

Joseph McCarthy burst into national prominence by charging that there were known communists in the

A) Central Intelligence Agency.
B) Truman Cabinet.
C) United States Senate.
D) Defense Department.
E) State Department.

Question 48

In 1947,the Truman administration responded to Republican attacks that it was weak on communism by

A) supporting passage of the McCarran Internal Security Act.
B) blaming lax security on the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
C) charging the Republicans with harboring communists within their own party.
D) beginning an investigation into the loyalty of federal employees.
E) ignoring them.

Question 49

The McCarran Internal Security Act

A) was strongly supported by the Truman administration.
B) created the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
C) required communist organizations to register with the government.
D) outlawed all communist organizations in the United States.
E) stripped American citizenship from all known communists.

Question 50

Churchill,Roosevelt,and Stalin were in general agreement that the post-World War II world should not return to the traditional European balance of power.

Question 51

In 1950,Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were accused of spying for

A) Israel.
B) Poland.
C) North Korea.
D) China.
E) the Soviet Union.

Question 52

The American invasion at Inchon during the Korean War

A) was aimed at preventing Chinese communists from entering the war.
B) was a military debacle.
C) prompted President Truman to try to push communists out of North Korea.
D) was ultimately thwarted due to the surprise intervention of the Chinese navy.
E) led to a fight between General Douglas MacArthur and President Harry Truman.

Question 53

When Joseph McCarthy first leveled charges of communist infiltration in the government,he was a

A) member of the Defense Department.
B) private citizen.
C) member of the State Department.
D) first-term Republican senator.
E) Democratic member of the House.

Question 54

The election of 1952 saw

A) President Harry Truman run for another term.
B) Richard Nixon forced to step down from the Republican ticket.
C) a contest between two war heroes, neither of whom had ever held elective office.
D) television play a role in the campaign.
E) Joseph McCarthy run for president.

Question 55

As a result of the Korean War,the

A) stature of the American military increased.
B) government reduced the amount of money it was pumping into the economy.
C) American public felt reassured that communism was being contained.
D) American economy was dragged into a recession.
E) American public believed there was something wrong with the United States.

Question 56

The results of the election of 1952 saw

A) the end to a long period of Democratic dominance.
B) the Republicans take control of the White House but not the Congress.
C) a close outcome between the two major parties.
D) all of these: the Republicans take control of the White House but not the Congress; the end to a long period of Democratic dominance; and a close outcome between the two major parties.
E) None of these answers is correct.

Question 57

During Joseph McCarthy's investigation into alleged subversion in government,

A) Republicans criticized his broad attacks on the Democratic Party.
B) he never produced conclusive evidence that any federal employee was a communist.
C) Dwight Eisenhower spoke against him, after McCarthy attacked George Marshall in 1952.
D) much of the public criticized his blunt tactics and coarse behavior.
E) he drew particularly strong support from the "eastern establishment."

Question 58

All of the following statements regarding the HUAC investigation of Alger Hiss and Whittaker Chambers are true EXCEPT that

A) Hiss served several years in prison.
B) classified documents allegedly stolen by Hiss were kept hidden by Chambers in a pumpkin.
C) the case cast suspicion on a generation of liberal Democrats.
D) Chambers was a former communist agent.
E) Hiss was convicted of espionage.

Question 59

In 1951,President Harry Truman relieved General Douglas MacArthur of command because MacArthur

A) both publicly criticized Truman's policy in Korea and refused to support Truman's plan to use atomic weapons in Korea.
B) refused to support Truman's plan to use atomic weapons in Korea.
C) None of these answers is correct.
D) publicly criticized President Truman's policy in Korea.
E) publicly stated that an invasion of China would be a military disaster.

Question 60

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were

A) None of these answers is correct.
B) not members of the Communist Party.
C) convicted and sentenced to life in prison.
D) both accused of passing American secrets to its enemies, and convicted and sentenced to life in prison.
E) accused of passing American secrets to its enemies.

Question 61

The Soviet Union was invited to participate in the Marshall Plan.

Question 62

While the Soviet Union likely never ordered North Korea to attack South Korea,Stalin did support the North Korean offensive once it was under way.

Question 63

Churchill,Roosevelt,and Stalin avoided bitterness by coming to a final settlement on the future of Poland.

Question 64

Senator Joseph McCarthy's investigations proved there were 205 communists in the State Department.

Question 65

President Truman was not willing to risk war with the Soviets by undertaking an American military response to Stalin's 1948 decision to blockade Berlin.

Question 66

The "zones of occupation" for postwar Germany left Berlin well inside the Soviet zone.

Question 67

In mid-1948,President Truman called the Republican-controlled Congress into special session,with the expectation they would do very little.

Question 68

The Yalta accords were less a settlement of postwar issues than a set of loose principles.

Question 69

Describe the origins of the Cold War,1945-1947.

Question 70

Marshall Plan assistance was eventually accepted by sixteen nations.

Question 71

General Douglas MacArthur pursued North Koreans beyond the 38th parallel in direct violation of President Truman's orders.

Question 72

All members of NATO were required to maintain a standing military force in Europe to defend against a possible Soviet move into Western Europe.

Question 73

At the time that he became president,Harry Truman shared former President Roosevelt's faith that Stalin would be reasonable and flexible.

Question 74

At Tehran,Stalin made it clear that he urgently needed a second front against Nazi Germany.

Question 75

At Yalta,the Big Three agreed to create a United Nations with a Security Council in which the major powers would have the power to veto proposed action.

Question 76

President Truman's China policy was based on continued support of Chiang Kai-shek,but without a commitment to intervene militarily to save his regime.

Question 77

An integral part of the American policy of Cold War containment was to extend American economic aid to the rebuilding of Western Europe.

Question 78

In 1950,Alger Hiss was convicted of spying on the United States.

Question 79

The end of the war in 1945 saw the onset of serious inflation,but no serious labor strife.

Question 80

NSC-68 presumed that the United States could not necessarily rely on other nations to take the initiative in resisting communism.