Deck 26: America in a World at War Key

Question 1

After 1943,the United States advanced on Japan primarily with the aid of forces from

A) England and the Soviet Union.
B) England and France.
C) Australia and New Zealand.
D) the Soviet Union and China.
E) the Dutch and the Soviet Union.

Answer 1

Australia and New Zealand.

Question 2

)During World War II,the United States Army chief of staff was

A)George S.Patton.
B)Dwight D.Eisenhower.
C)Omar Bradley.
D)Douglas MacArthur.
E)George C.Marshall

Answer 2

George C.Marshall

Question 3

During World War II,Allied bombers targeted

A) both the crematories at Auschwitz and the railroad lines leading to Auschwitz.
B) the guard towers and Nazi bunkers at Auschwitz.
C) the railroad lines leading to Auschwitz.
D) the crematoria at Auschwitz.
E) None of these answers is correct.

Answer 3

None of these answers is correct.

Question 4

Which of the following is true of organized American labor during World War II?

A) No major union went on strike.
B) "Wildcat" strikes were the most common.
C) Opposition to strikes was led by the influential United Mine Workers.
D) Many states passed laws expanding the influence of unions.
E) Unions accepted a freeze on wages until the war ended.

Question 5

The Allied decisions that delayed an invasion of France

A) left the Soviet Union deeply embittered.
B) All these answers are correct.
C) occurred after the Soviet Union had won a significant victory in Stalingrad.
D) both put the Soviet Union in a better position to control eastern Europe, and left the Soviet Union deeply embittered.
E) put the Soviet Union in a better position to control eastern Europe.

Question 6

During World War II,organized labor in the United States

A) lost membership as wages rose across most industries.
B) frequently used the threats of strikes to obtain higher wages.
C) won a significant victory with the passage of the Smith-Connally Act.
D) won automatic union memberships for new defense-plant workers.
E) agreed to freeze union membership and wages until the war was over.

Question 7

In 1943,in a meeting in Casablanca,the Allies decided they would next invade

A) Corsica.
B) France.
C) Sicily.
D) Greece.
E) Cyprus.

Question 8

In 1942-1943,the British and American war effort against the Nazis concentrated on

A) freeing France from German control.
B) protecting England.
C) fighting in North Africa and southern Europe.
D) supporting the Russians.
E) stopping the Holocaust.

Question 9

During World War II,the labor force of the United States

A) was forced to contend with a large labor surplus.
B) saw both 16 million people leave civilian labor for the armed forces and the supply of civilian labor decline by 25 percent.
C) None of these answers is correct.
D) saw the supply of civilian labor decline by 25 percent.
E) saw more than 16 million people leave civilian labor for the armed forces.

Question 10

The Battle of the Coral Sea in 1942

A) saw the United States forced to withdraw its naval forces.
B) marked the first important victory by the United States against Japan.
C) marked the major turning point of the war in the Pacific.
D) saw the Japanese lose most of its aircraft carriers.
E) saw the Americans take the offensive for the first time.

Question 11

Between 1939 and 1945,the federal budget of the United States

A) rose over five-fold.
B) halved.
C) rose over ten-fold.
D) tripled.
E) doubled.

Question 12

In 1942,in the North African campaign against the Nazis,the

A) British lost a key early battle at El Alamein.
B) Germans suffered a major defeat at Stalingrad.
C) Americans successfully regrouped from a defeat at Kasserine Pass.
D) Americans advanced under the command of Omar Bradley.
E) Americans pushed the Germans out of Egypt.

Question 13

In World War II,one of the primary American commanders in the Pacific was

A) Dwight Eisenhower.
B) George Marshall.
C) George Patton.
D) Chester Nimitz.
E) Omar Bradley.

Question 14

In 1943,the country that pressed for an immediate Allied invasion of France against Germany was

A) the United States.
B) Great Britain.
C) China.
D) the Soviet Union.
E) Canada.

Question 15

The U.S.government acquired definite knowledge of the Holocaust

A) only after the war was over.
B) prior to World War II beginning in Europe.
C) before the U.S. had entered the war.
D) only in the last year of the war.
E) as early as 1942.

Question 16

The Battle of Midway in 1942

A) lasted four days.
B) All these answers are correct.
C) both lasted four days and was a stunning defeat for the Japanese navy.
D) was a stunning defeat for the Japanese navy.
E) saw the United States suffer great losses.

Question 17

In World War II,the main American strategy to fight Japan was to

A) concentrate U.S. forces into one large offensive moving west from the Marshall Islands.
B) encourage the Japanese navy to overextend itself past the Gilbert Islands, then attack from behind.
C) mount two offensive campaigns to attack the Japanese from two directions.
D) establish a strong defensive position in the Solomon Islands to lure in the Japanese.
E) quickly recapture the Midway Islands from the Japanese.

Question 18

During World War II,the regional impact of government spending was the greatest in the

A) West.
B) Midwest.
C) Northeast.
D) South.
E) East.

Question 19

During World War II,the first Axis country to be defeated was

A) Austria.
B) Japan.
C) Spain.
D) Italy.
E) Germany.

Question 20

Regarding European Jewish refugees,between 1939 and 1945,the United States

A) refused to accept large numbers of refugees.
B) rescinded the provisions of the 1924 National Origins Act dealing with Jewish immigrants.
C) made many efforts to help refugees escape the Nazis but not have them enter the United States.
D) won an agreement by England to accept several thousand refugees.
E) denied the Nazis were targeting Jews for murder.

Question 21

During World War II,American shoppers

A) had less money to spend than they had had the decade before, but did not buy as many magazines, as part of the war effort.
B) had less money to spend than they had had the decade before.
C) All these answers are correct.
D) did not buy as many magazines, as part of the war effort.
E) faced many shortages of consumer goods.

Question 22

During World War II,in the United States,all of the following social indicators experienced a rise in their rate of occurrence EXCEPT

A) the juvenile crime rate.
B) the birth rate.
C) the divorce rate.
D) high school enrollment.
E) the marriage rate.

Question 23

During World War II,Native Americans

A) were pushed out of white society and back onto the reservations.
B) saw war work spread to almost every Indian reservation in the United States.
C) were excluded from military service.
D) saw government war contracts bring a higher standard of living to many reservations.
E) saw the war undermine efforts to revitalize tribal traditions.

Question 24

In 1942,the United States and Mexico agreed to the braceros program,which

A) increased the number of Mexican immigrants the United States would accept as new citizens.
B) allowed U.S. businesses to establish war production factories in Mexico.
C) eliminated the tariff on goods produced in Mexico.
D) admitted Mexican contract laborers into the United States for a limited time.
E) accepted Mexican citizens into the U.S. armed forces.

Question 25

During World War II,the Fair Employment Practices Commission was created

A)after serious racial rioting broke out in several northern industrial cities.
B)to help southern African Americans move to northern cities to take war jobs.
C)by President Roosevelt after black protesters threatened a massive march on the capital.
D)in response to significant protests led by the Congress of Racial Equality.
E)and led by A.Philip Randolph.

Question 26

Over the course of World War II,inflation in the United States

A) was largely uncontrolled by the federal government.
B) was not as serious a problem as it had been during World War I.
C) was less a concern than fears of deflation.
D) was at its highest in the last year of the war.
E) remained low before 1941.

Question 27

All of the following were Allied advances in intelligence-gathering in World War II EXCEPT the

A) capturing of an Enigma machine.
B) breaking of Japanese codes.
C) creation of the first programmable, digital computer.
D) breaking of the German codes early in the war.
E) creation of the Purple machine for coded communications.

Question 28

The 1943 "zoot-suit riots" in Los Angeles

A) began when off-duty Mexican American soldiers refused to wear their military uniforms.
B) both began when off-duty Mexican American soldiers refused to wear their military uniforms, and led the city to prohibit the wearing of zoot suits.
C) resulted from tensions between the African American and Mexican American communities.
D) All these answers are correct.
E) led the city to prohibit the wearing of zoot suits.

Question 29

During World War II,Chinese Americans

A) All these answers are correct.
B) saw the repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act.
C) were drafted in a higher proportion than any other national group.
D) both received a favorable image in U.S. government propaganda and saw the repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act.
E) received a favorable image in U.S. government propaganda.

Question 30

During World War II,the United States military services

A) banned the practice of painting bathing beauties on the nosecones of fighter planes.
B) tolerated homosexuality.
C) quietly tolerated illicit heterosexual relationships.
D) encouraged USO women to form relationships with servicemen.
E) saw the major purpose of the USO as bringing new recruits into the armed forces.

Question 31

In 1943,to simplify tax collections,Congress enacted

A) a sales tax.
B) a short form for paying income taxes.
C) a flat tax.
D) a withholding system of payroll deductions.
E) an earned income tax credit.

Question 32

During World War II,American women who worked outside the home

A) None of these answers is correct.
B) both tended to be older than women who worked in the past, and were not allowed to have children under the age of three in their care.
C) were barred from unions.
D) were not allowed to have children under the age of three in their care.
E) tended to be older than women who had worked in the past.

Question 33

The Smith-Connally Act of 1943

A) was opposed by President Franklin Roosevelt.
B) both was opposed by President Franklin Roosevelt and passed as a result of actions taken by the United Mine Workers.
C) passed as a result of actions taken by the United Mine Workers.
D) authorized the president to seize a war factory where workers had gone on strike.
E) All these answers are correct.

Question 34

In 1942,when the United States interned Japanese Americans in "relocation centers,"

A) a powerful popular movement sprung up to protest the internments.
B) the move was protested by California Attorney General Earl Warren.
C) there was no evidence that the Japanese Americans were a domestic security risk.
D) all of those affected were first-generation Japanese immigrants.
E) all of the affected Japanese were American citizens.

Question 35

During World War II,the U.S.military

A) began to relax its practices of racial segregation.
B) allowed blacks into all branches of the military for the first time.
C) excluded blacks from combat duty.
D) used quotas to limit the number of black servicemen in the military.
E) doubled the number of black servicemen to 200,000.

Question 36

During World War II,the War Production Board

A) favored large over small contractors.
B) had complete control over military purchases.
C) won the support of small business.
D) was maintained under the auspices of the Department of Labor.
E) was directed by Roosevelt ally Leon Henderson.

Question 37

Most employed women during the war worked in

A) military support positions
B) industrial jobs.
C) the factory.
D) child care.
E) the service sector.

Question 38

During World War II,the National Defense Research Committee

A) concentrated its work on developing an atomic bomb.
B) spent more than $100 million on research.
C) had, by 1941, pushed the U.S. into a position of technological superiority over Germany.
D) received more private funding than government money.
E) funded less research than its predecessor had during World War I.

Question 39

All of the following statements regarding the internment of Japanese Americans in the United States during World War II are true EXCEPT that

A) President Roosevelt was pressured by both military and political leaders to authorize the internment.
B) Japanese American children were put through a rigorous school system while at the internment camps.
C) most of those interned lost all their property and possessions.
D) the internment camps were essentially prisons.
E) the order for internment was upheld by the Supreme Court in 1944.

Question 40

During World War II,Germany held the technological edge over the Allies in

A) aircraft bombers.
B) centimetric radar.
C) rocket-propelled bombs.
D) intelligence gathering.
E) ocean mine detection.

Question 41

In the 1944 elections,

A) Thomas Dewey nearly won the electoral vote.
B) Democrats increased their control of the House.
C) Republicans gained control of the Senate.
D) Henry Wallace was elected vice president.
E) President Franklin Roosevelt was too ill to campaign.

Question 42

The 1944 Battle of Leyte Gulf

A) was the only time German and Japanese naval forces fought together.
B) resulted in the American capture of Tinian, Guam, and Saipan.
C) was the largest naval engagement in history.
D) saw Japanese forces sink four American aircraft carriers.
E) included the American capture of Okinawa.

Question 43

All of the following statements regarding the Allied invasion of France in June 1944 are true EXCEPT that

A) the attack involved perhaps the largest number of naval vessels and armaments ever assembled in one place.
B) within a week, German forces had been dislodged from most of the Normandy coast.
C) Allied paratroopers were dropped behind German lines prior to the beach landings.
D) the landing was made across the narrowest part of the English Channel.
E) American, British, and Canadian forces stormed the beaches on June 6, 1944.

Question 44

Despite the power of prewar isolationism,there was a large degree of unity once the United States was involved in World War II.

Question 45

The United States dropped a second atomic bomb on Japan in August 1945 after

A) the Japanese government announced that the United States had only one atomic bomb.
B) the Soviet Union announced it would not enter into war against Japan.
C) the Japanese failed to provide a response to the first bomb.
D) the emperor of Japan declared that his country would fight to the death.
E) the emperor of Japan asked the United States for more time to consider surrendering.

Question 46

Prior to ordering the use of an atomic bomb against Japan,President Harry Truman

A) issued an ultimatum to Japan to surrender or face utter devastation.
B) sent evidence of a test explosion to the Japanese government.
C) did not send any kind of message to Japan.
D) warned the Japanese about the atomic bomb and sent evidence of its effect.
E) told Japan to evacuate Hiroshima or face the consequences.

Question 47

The costliest battle in the history of the United States Marines Corps was the Battle of

A) Okinawa.
B) Leyte Gulf.
C) Guadalcanal.
D) Iwo Jima.
E) Midway.

Question 48

In 1939,the first steps toward the creation of an atomic bomb were taken by

A) Nazi Germany.
B) the United States.
C) Great Britain.
D) the Soviet Union.
E) Japan.

Question 49

In mid-1945,evidence of Japan's desperation to continue the war included

A) both the sending of thousands of pilots on suicide missions, and nighttime attacks by Japanese troops against American lines.
B) nighttime attacks by Japanese troops against American lines.
C) the sending of thousands of pilots on suicide missions.
D) All these answers are correct.
E) the loss of over 100,000 Japanese lives at Okinawa.

Question 50

Which of the following is true of casualties in World War II?

A) Fourteen million combatants died.
B) The war had cost the lives of more than 400,000 Americans.
C) Close to 700,000 Americans were wounded.
D) All these answers are correct.
E) Casualties were relatively light in the United States, compared to those of other countries.

Question 51

In February 1945,an Allied bombing attack on Dresden,Germany

A) resulted in mostly civilian casualties.
B) All these answers are correct.
C) destroyed 75 percent of the previously undamaged city.
D) both killed approximately 135,000 people and resulted in mostly civilian casualties.
E) killed approximately 135,000 people.

Question 52

All of the following statements regarding the Allied development of an atomic bomb during World War II are true EXCEPT that

A) the program proceeded at a faster pace than had been expected.
B) plutonium was a practical fuel for the bomb.
C) Albert Einstein was in charge of the development program.
D) the government secretly poured nearly $2 billion into the project.
E) the program was code-named the Manhattan Project.

Question 53

In April 1945,American and British forces halted their advance on Germany at the Elbe River

A) because their supply lines had become overextended.
B) to wait for the Russian army to arrive.
C) due to fierce German resistance.
D) at the announcement that President Franklin Roosevelt had died.
E) because all bridges over the river had been destroyed.

Question 54

In August 1944,the Allies liberated from German occupation the city of

A) Stockholm.
B) Amsterdam.
C) Paris.
D) Warsaw.
E) Rome.

Question 55

The first atomic explosion in history took place in 1945 in

A) Alamogordo, New Mexico.
B) Hiroshima, Japan.
C) Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
D) the Bikini Islands.
E) the Salt Lake desert in Utah.

Question 56

During World War II,Congress abolished the

A) WPA and FDIC.
B) Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).
C) Works Progress Administration (WPA).
D) Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC).
E) CCC and WPA.

Question 57

The Battle of the Bulge

A) both saw the American army drive deep into Germany and was the last major battle on the western front.
B) saw the American army drive deep into Germany.
C) was the last major battle on the western front.
D) began in the spring of 1945.
E) None of these answers is correct.

Question 58

In February 1944,American naval forces won a series of victories in the Marshall Islands,under the command of

A) Joseph Stilwell.
B) Douglas MacArthur.
C) Omar Bradley.
D) Dwight Eisenhower.
E) Chester Nimitz.

Question 59

The Japanese surrender to the United States

A) was announced a few days after a second atomic bomb had been dropped.
B) occurred on September 2, 1945.
C) was formally signed on the American battleship Missouri.
D) was both formally signed on the American battleship Missouri and announced a few days after a second atomic bomb had been dropped.
E) All these answers are correct.

Question 60

A significant issue in the 1944 election was

A) America's relationship with the Soviet Union.
B) corruption charges involving the White House.
C) civil rights.
D) the domestic economy.
E) the strategy of the war.

Question 61

Germany's rocket-propelled bombs caused more psychological harm than actual damage in England.

Question 62

When President Truman ordered the use of the atomic bomb he believed he was making a simple military decision.

Question 63

The United States was preparing to drop an atomic bomb on Germany when it surrendered.

Question 64

Working mothers during World War II usually relied on private child-care facilities.

Question 65

The Soviet Union favored the Allied African campaign as a way to divert German resources from the eastern front.

Question 66

Congress enacted a system of automatic tax withholding through payroll deductions as a wartime measure.

Question 67

The 1944 presidential campaign revolved primarily around domestic,rather than foreign,policy issues.

Question 68

The federal government's budget in 1945 had increased more than ten-fold from 1939.

Question 69

During the 1944 presidential campaign,Franklin Roosevelt was gravely ill.

Question 70

African Americans' strategy for social and economic improvement during World War II was to gain favor with the Roosevelt administration rather than make demands of it.

Question 71

Native American languages were useful in American military communications.

Question 72

The U.S.government consistently resisted calls to make an Allied effort to save Jews caught in the Holocaust.

Question 73

By the end of 1942,Allied technology had caught up with that of Germany and Japan.

Question 74

Harry Truman did not know of the existence of the Manhattan Project at the time that he became president.

Question 75

The repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1943 resulted in a flood of Chinese immigrants into the United States.

Question 76

The Allied invasion of Sicily led to the collapse of the Mussolini government.

Question 77

Congress abolished both the Civilian Conservation Corps and the Works Progress Association during World War II.

Question 78

The war effort led military leaders to largely ignore the presence of homosexual men and women serving in the ranks.

Question 79

In June 1942,the United States gained control of the central Pacific with the Battle of Midway.

Question 80

The braceros program allowed Mexicans to enter the United States and become citizens if they agreed to work in war plants for the duration of the war.