Deck 12: Health Medicine

Question 1

Which is not true concerning the discovery and development of the penicillin antibiotics?

A)Alexander Fleming noted that the mold Penicillium notatum inhibited bacterial growth
B)The first step in the development of these drugs was the isolation of the active agent produced by the mold Penicillium notatum
C)There are currently more than a dozen different penicillins in clinical use
D)World War I gave added impetus for the development of the penicillin antibiotics

Answer 1

World War I gave added impetus for the development of the penicillin antibiotics

Question 2

Isopentyl acetate (shown here) is used as a flavoring agent in food.Its fragrance is that of bananas.What functional group(s) is(are) present in this compound?

A)Ester only
B)Ketone only
C)Ketone and ether
D)Ester,ether,and ketone

Answer 2

Ester only

Question 3

Which compound cannot exist as a pair of optical isomers?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Answer 3

Question 4

Enzymes are

A)biochemical catalysts that influence the rate of chemical reactions.
B)compounds used to relieve inflammation in muscles and joints.
C)proteins that produce fever and swelling.
D)special hormones that influence the rate of chemical reactions.

Question 5

Isomers are compounds that have

A)the same chemical formulas and molecular structures but different physical properties.
B)the same chemical formulas but different molecular structures and physical properties.
C)different chemical formulas and molecular structures but the same physical properties.
D)different chemical formulas,molecular structures,and physical properties.

Question 6

Identify the chiral carbon atom in L-dopa (used to treat Parkinson's disease).

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 7

What is the structure of the ester that is formed in the following reaction?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 8

The father of modern medicine,Hippocrates,described making a tea that was effective against fever by boiling willow bark.Years later,the active ingredient was isolated and chemically modified to produce the drug we now know as

A)acetaminophen.
B)aspirin.
C)ibuprofen.
D)penicillin.

Question 9

The common OTC medication ibuprofen is sold as a racemic mixture although only the L-isomer is a pain reliever.What does the term racemic mixture mean?

A)There is an equal mixture of the + and - optical isomers in the drug preparation
B)There are two active ingredients in the drug preparation
C)The inactive optical isomer does not cause serious side effects
D)The inactive isomer is transformed into the active isomer in the body

Question 10

Which of these incorrectly pairs a hormone with its function?

A)Thyroxin-regulates metabolism
B)Insulin-enables the body to use glucose (blood sugar) for energy
C)Adrenaline (epinephrine)-prepares the body to "fight or flee"
D)Progesterone-controls muscle mass

Question 11

The body's chemical messengers,called ________,are produced in the endocrine glands.

A)enzymes
B)hormones
C)isomers
D)viruses

Question 12

The octet rule is applied to bonding in carbon containing compounds.In accordance with the octet rule,

A)each bonded carbon atom forms eight bonds.
B)all carbon containing compounds contain at least eight bonds.
C)each bonded carbon atom shares electrons so that it has exactly eight outer valence electrons.
D)the number of atoms in any carbon containing compound is a multiple of eight.

Question 13

The term "pharmacophore" was originally described by the Nobel Prize winner Paul Ehrlich more than 100 years ago.What is the meaning of this term?

A)The correct dose at which a drug should be administered
B)The three dimensional arrangement of a drug responsible for its biological activity
C)The form in which a drug is prepared for oral consumption
D)The group of compounds responsible for euphoria

Question 14

For linear n-hexane,C₆H₁₄,which molecular representation is correct?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 15

Amino acids are compounds that contain both amine and organic acid functional groups.Which compound is an amino acid?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 16

Which pair represents isomers?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 17

Which functional group does this molecule contain?

A)Acid
B)Alcohol
C)Amine
D)Ester

Question 18

For this line-angle drawing,which condensed structural formula is correct?

A)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OH
B)CH₃CH(CH₃)CH₂OH
C)CH₃CH(OH)CH₂CH₃
D)CH(CH₃)₂CH₂OH

Question 19

Which functional group contains a nitrogen atom?

A)Alcohol
B)Amine
C)Ester
D)Ether

Question 20

Why are many drugs administered as salts rather than as the corresponding neutral compounds?

A)Salts have greater water solubility and stability than the neutral compound
B)As a general rule,salts are more active than the neutral compounds
C)Salts are generally liquid and therefore more active than the neutral compounds
D)The salts are less expensive to produce than the corresponding neutral compounds

Question 21

Which region of cholesterol is most responsible for its solubility in nonpolar substances?

A)Region 1
B)Region 2
C)Region 3
D)Region 4

Question 22

Select the formula for the equilibrium constant for the association of epinephrine and its receptor. epinephrine + receptor à complex

A)
B)
B
C)
D)

Question 23

What functional groups are common to both of structures below?

A)Acid
B)Alcohol
C)Amide
D)Amine

Question 24

High fructose corn syrup is produced from the partial conversion of glucose to fructose.For this reaction K=0.74.If the glucose concentration is 5x10^-3 M,the fructose concentration must equal

A)6.8x10^-3 M.
B)3.7x10^-3 M.
C)4.0x10^-2 M.
D)1.4x10^-4 M.

Question 25

If the reaction quotient,Q,is less than the equilibrium constant,K_eq,the reaction will

A)continue both forward and reverse reactions to keep the ratio of reactants and products the same.
B)continue the forward reaction to convert reactants into products.
C)continue the reverse reaction to convert products into reactants.
D)halt all reactions.

Question 26

The family of compounds known as steroids share a common molecular framework of 17 carbon atoms that are arranged into four rings.Which is a representation of this common molecular framework?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 27

Some steroids are more soluble in water than others.Based on your understanding of the solubility of molecular compounds in water,decide which compound is the most soluble.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 28

The equilibrium constant for the association of thyroxin with its receptor is greater than 1.Given the reaction below,which of the following statements are true. thyroxin + receptor à complex

A)Unbound thyroxin will be favored over bound
B)Bound thyroxin will be favored over unbound
C)The receptor has a very low concentration in the body
D)The hormone,thyroxin,has a very low concentration in the body

Question 29

If the reaction quotient,Q,is higher than the equilibrium constant,K_eq,the reaction will

A)continue both forward and reverse reactions to keep the ratio of reactants and products the same.
B)continue the forward reaction to convert reactants into products.
C)continue the reverse reaction to convert products into reactants.
D)halt all reactions.

Question 30

Which of the following are general goals for green chemical synthesis methods? I.There is less waste
II)Harsh reagents are avoided
III)It uses recombinant technology
IV)It needs intense purification

A)I and IV only
B)II and III only
C)III and IV only
D)I,II,and III only

Question 31

Acetic acid has a pKa of 4.8.Select the representation that shows the majority species at pH 7.

A)CH₃COOH₂⁺
B)CH₃COOH
C)CH₃COO^-
D)CH₂COO^2-

Question 32

What structural feature do the two hormones shown have in common?

A)Both have alcohol functional groups
B)Both have ketone functional groups
C)Both are steroids
D)There are no structural features in common

Question 33

Ammonium (NH₄⁺) has a pKa of 9.3.Select the majority species at pH = 10

A)NH₃⁺
B)NH3.
C)NH₄⁺
D)NH₅⁺

Question 34

Comparing the structures of aspirin,ibuprofen,and acetaminophen,what structural units do they share?

A)Acid functional groups
B)Amide functional groups
C)Benzene rings
D)Ester functional groups

Question 35

Select the true statement about conjugate bases.

A)A conjugate base is one product of the reaction of a carboxylic acid with an ester
B)Conjugate bases are only important for buffers made with strong acids
C)A conjugate base is one dissociation product of any acid
D)None of these choices are true about conjugate bases

Question 36

Select the correct statement regarding weak and strong acids.

A)A weak acid will resist changes to pH
B)A strong acid will resist changes to pH
C)A strong acid will not release its protons easily
D)A weak acid will completely dissociate in water

Question 37

Only three of the statements about buffers in the body below are correct.Select the false statement.

A)Organs or cell components will differ in their normal pH
B)Buffers are only necessary in the blood and stomach
C)Weak acids only make good buffers when the pH is near their pKa
D)Strong acids will not make good buffers

Question 38

If the reaction quotient,Q,is equal to the equilibrium constant,K_eq,the reaction will

A)continue both forward and reverse reactions to keep the ratio of reactants and products the same.
B)continue the forward reaction to convert reactants into products.
C)continue the reverse reaction to convert products into reactants.
D)halt all reactions.

Question 39

Formic acid has a pKa of 3.8.Calculate the pH of a solution if [Formic acid] = 0.020 M and [Formate] = 0.040 M.

A)pH = 3.5
B)pH = 3.8
C)pH = 4.1
D)pH = 4.4

Question 40

Identify groups of structural isomers among the compounds below.

A)3 and 5 AND 1 and 4
B)2 and 3
C)1,3 and 5
D)1 and 4

Question 41

Vitamin E has many promising pharmacological benefits.Which of the following statements about vitamin E are false?

A)Vitamin E is a mixture of structural and optical isomers
B)Biological systems will only absorb and concentrate some vitamin E isomers
C)Vitamin E plays a role in fetal development
D)The L-form of vitamin E can cause accelerated heart rate

Question 42

Radioisotopes and ionizing radiation I.allow us to develop high resolution images of some tissues.
II)were hypothesized for medical use over a century ago.
III)can induce apoptosis in cancerous tissues.
IV)are always selective for cancerous tissues.

A)I and III
B)II and IV
C)I,II,and III
D)I,II,III,and IV

Question 43

Glycolysis I.is stage one of cellular respiration.
II)converts glucose to smaller high energy compounds.
III)requires oxygen to operate.
IV)is utilized by muscles for immediate energy.

A)I and III
B)II,III,and IV
C)I,II,and IV
D)I,II,III,and IV

Question 44

Which of the following is not a correct pair a biological macromolecule class with one of its functions?

A)Nucleic acids;information transfer
B)Lipids;protection
C)Proteins;cellular structure
D)Polysaccharides;catalysis

Question 45

Modern drug discovery often starts with a large library of compounds.These library studies are important because

A)cancerous tissue is much more difficult to target than foreign invaders.
B)old drugs will never be effective against new targets.
C)the search will definitely yield a new candidate drug.
D)the search may yield a number of possible framework pieces to build into a good drug.

Question 46

A structure-activity-relationship study

A)considers the relationship of many enzymes based upon both their structure and activity.
B)examines the structure of an enzyme then compares it to its activity with the drug.
C)makes a series of small structural changes to the drug then compares it to its activity with the enzyme.
D)isolates small portions of the protein to examine how their structure relates to their activity.

Question 47

Which of the following is not a class of biological macromolecule?

A)Steroids
B)Lipids
C)Nucleic acids
D)Polysaccharides