Deck 2: Drug Action and Handling

Question 1

A noncompetitive antagonist

A)binds to the same receptor site as the binding site for the agonist.
B)causes a shift to the right in the dose-response curve.
C)enhances the maximal response of the agonist.
D)reduces the maximal response of the agonist.

Answer 1

reduces the maximal response of the agonist.

Question 2

The movement of a drug from one site in the body to other sites is called

A)distribution.
B)disruption.
C)dispersion.
D)active transport.

Answer 2

distribution.

Question 3

Increasing the pH of a solution will cause

A)a greater percentage of a weak base in the solution to be in the ionized form.
B)a greater percentage of a weak acid in the solution to be in the un-ionized form.
C)the hydrogen ion concentration to increase.
D)a greater percentage of a weak base in the solution to be in the un-ionized form.
E)no change in the relative ionization of weak acids or weak bases.

Answer 3

a greater percentage of a weak base in the solution to be in the un-ionized form.

Question 4

Which of the following is not a subject of pharmacokinetics?

A)Physiologic action of drugs
B)Metabolism of drugs
C)Elimination of drugs
D)Absorption of drugs

Question 5

When the acidity of the tissue increases,as in instances of infection,the effect of a local anesthetic decreases;therefore,the local anesthetic is a weak acid.

A)Both parts of the statement are true.
B)Both parts of the statement are false.
C)The first part of the statement is true;the second part is false.
D)The first part of the statement is false;the second part is true.

Question 6

When a drug has affinity for a receptor and produces no effect,it is called a(n)

A)agonist.
B)competitive antagonist.
C)competitive agonist.
D)physiologic agonist.

Question 7

Which of the following choices is the process by which a substance is transported against a concentration gradient?

A)Passive transfer
B)Active transport
C)Facilitated diffusion
D)Filtration

Question 8

A drug is defined as a biologically active substance that can modify

A)the environment.
B)the pH of tissue.
C)cellular function.
D)immune response.

Question 9

If one dose of a drug is administered and the drug's half-life in the body is 3 hours,what percentage of the drug would be left after four half-lives?

A)50%
B)6.25%
C)2%
D)Insufficient information to determine

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true concerning the mechanism of action of drugs?

A)Drugs are capable of imparting a new function to the organism.
B)Drugs either produce the same action as an exogenous agent or block the action of an exogenous agent.
C)Drugs either produce the same action as an exogenous agent or block the action of an endogenous agent.
D)Drugs either produce the same action as an endogenous agent or block the action of an endogenous agent.

Question 11

In comparing two drugs,the dose-response curve for the drug that is more efficacious would

A)be closer to the y-axis.
B)be farther from the y-axis.
C)have a greater curve height.
D)have a higher median effective dose (ED50).

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding basic principles of drug distribution in the bloodstream?

A)All drugs in the blood are either bound to plasma proteins or free.
B)Only the drug that is bound to plasma proteins can exert the pharmacologic effect.
C)Only the drug that is bound to plasma proteins can pass across cell membranes.
D)The free drug is a reservoir for the drug.

Question 13

Administering a drug of greater potency is better because drugs of greater potency do not require as high a dose.

A)Both parts of the statement are true.
B)Both parts of the statement are false.
C)The first part of the statement is true;the second part is false.
D)The first part of the statement is false;the second part is true.

Question 14

When different drugs compete for the same receptor sites,the drug with the stronger affinity for the receptor will bind to

A)more receptors than the drug with the weaker affinity.
B)fewer receptors than the drug with the weaker affinity.
C)all of the available receptors.
D)none of the available receptors.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true regarding the therapeutic index (TI)of a drug?

A)A drug with a large TI is more dangerous than a drug with a small TI.
B)The formula for TI is ED50/LD50.
C)ED50 is 50% of the effective clinical dose.
D)TI is the ratio of the median lethal dose to the median effective dose.

Question 16

The half-life of a drug is most related to its

A)onset.
B)duration.
C)safety.
D)time to peak concentration.

Question 17

One dose of a drug is administered that has a half-life of 8 hours.Assuming first-order kinetics,how much time is needed for this drug to be over 96% eliminated from the body?

A)8 hours
B)40 hours
C)60 hours
D)120 hours

Question 18

Drugs that are weak electrolytes will cross body membranes best when they are (1)nonionized, (2)ionized, (3)polar, (4)nonpolar, (5)lipid soluble, (6)water soluble.

A)1,3,5
B)1,3,6
C)1,4,5
D)1,4,6
E)2,4,5

Question 19

Which of the following statements is (are)true concerning passage across body membranes?

A)The membrane lipids make the membrane relatively permeable to ions and polar molecules.
B)The lipid molecules orient themselves so that they form a fluid bimolecular leaflet structure with the hydrophobic ends of the molecules shielded from the surrounding aqueous environment.
C)Membrane carbohydrates make up the structural components of the membrane and help move the molecules across the membrane during the transport process.
D)Both A and B are true.
E)Both B and C are true.

Question 20

The distribution of a drug is determined by

A)blood flow to the organ.
B)presence of certain barriers.
C)plasma protein-binding capacity.
D)solubility of the drug.
E)All of the above

Question 21

If redistribution occurs between specific sites and nonspecific sites,a drug's action will be

A)prolonged.
B)extended.
C)decreased.
D)terminated.

Question 22

Which of the following processes in the kidney can result in retention of a drug in the body?

A)Glomerular filtration
B)Active tubular secretion
C)Passive tubular diffusion
D)All of the above

Question 23

A patient's perception that a pill without active ingredients is having a pharmacologic effect is termed

A)tachyphylaxis.
B)hypersensitivity.
C)neurosis.
D)compliance.
E)placebo effect.

Question 24

Which of the following routes of drug administration produces the most rapid drug response?

A)Intravenous
B)Intramuscular
C)Subcutaneous
D)Intradermal

Question 25

An enteral route of administration would be

A)intravenous.
B)oral.
C)sublingual.
D)transdermal.

Question 26

All of the following choices are true with regard to cytochrome P-450 hepatic microsomal enzymes except that they

A)can be induced to speed up drug metabolism.
B)can be inhibited to slow down drug metabolism.
C)exist as numerous isoenzymes.
D)inactivate drugs through conjugation reactions.

Question 27

The metabolite formed during metabolism (biotransformation)is usually _____ polar and _____ lipid soluble than its parent compound.

A)more;more
B)more;less
C)less;more
D)less;less

Question 28

Application of a transdermal patch is an example of parenteral administration because the drug is delivered in a manner that bypasses the gastrointestinal tract.

A)Both parts of the statements are true.
B)Both parts of the statements are false.
C)The first part of the statement is true;the second part is false.
D)The first part of the statement is false;the second part is true.

Question 29

Drug preparations may be administered for local or systemic effects.Which is an example of a dose form used for a local effect?

A)Sublingual tablet
B)Transdermal patch
C)Ophthalmic ointment
D)Subcutaneous injection

Question 30

Enterohepatic circulation of a drug involves the secretion of a metabolized drug into the intestine.If enterohepatic circulation is blocked,the level of the drug in the serum will fall.

A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)The first statement is true,the second statement is false.
D)The first statement is false,the second statement is true.

Question 31

Which term refers to the time required for a drug to begin to have its effect?

A)First pass
B)Duration
C)Onset
D)Efficacy

Question 32

What type of administration involves the injection of solutions into the spinal subarachnoid space?

A)Intrathecal route
B)Intraperitoneal route
C)Intravenous route
D)Intradermal route

Question 33

Which of the following reactions is considered to be in the category of phase II drug metabolism?

A)Conjugation
B)Reduction
C)Hydrolysis
D)Oxidation

Question 34

The _____ is the most common site for biotransformation.

A)kidney
B)blood plasma
C)liver
D)small intestine

Question 35

What of the following choices is considered the safest,least expensive,and most convenient route for administering drugs?

A)Inhalation
B)Rectal
C)Oral
D)Subcutaneous

Question 36

Which organ is involved in the first-pass effect after oral administration of a drug?

A)Kidney
B)Lungs
C)Liver
D)Spleen

Question 37

Which is true regarding excretion when tubular urine is more alkaline?

A)Both weak acids and weak bases are excreted more rapidly.
B)Weak acids are excreted more rapidly,and weak bases are excreted more slowly.
C)Weak acids are excreted more slowly,and weak bases are excreted more rapidly.
D)Both weak acids and weak bases are excreted more slowly.

Question 38

Advantages of oral administration of a drug include all the following except

A)large surface area for drug absorption.
B)many different dose forms that may be administered orally.
C)more predictable response than intravenous administration.
D)the simplest way to introduce a drug into the body.

Question 39

What route is used to administer the tuberculosis skin test?

A)Intramuscular
B)Intradermal
C)Intravenous
D)Subcutaneous

Question 40

If a drug displays zero-order elimination kinetics

A)elimination increases as the dose of the drug is increased.
B)a constant amount is eliminated per unit time.
C)the drug is not eliminated and is retained in the body.
D)the elimination of the drug cannot be predicted mathematically.

Question 41

If a drug is a weak base that is excreted via the kidneys,then acidifying the urine will enhance its excretion.

Question 42

The route of administration of a drug affects

A)both the onset and duration of response.
B)the onset,but not the duration of response.
C)the duration,but not the onset of response.
D)neither the onset nor the duration of response.

Question 43

Drugs,after undergoing phase I drug metabolism,are more likely to be distributed to fat tissue.

Question 44

With zero-order kinetics,the

A)same amount of drug is metabolized and eliminated from the body per unit of time regardless of dose.
B)same percentage of drug is metabolized and eliminated from the body per unit of time.
C)drug is irreversibly bound to receptor sites.
D)drug is not bound to receptor sites.

Question 45

How many half-lives of repeated dosing does it take to reach a steady state in the body?

A)One
B)Two or three
C)Four or five
D)Six or seven
E)Eight or nine

Question 46

Tolerance is most closely associated with which category of drug?

A)Antibiotics
B)Angiotensin receptor blockers
C)Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
D)Opioids
E)Anti-hypertensive drugs

Question 47

Most drugs are excreted through which mechanism?

A)Gastrointestinal tract
B)Glomerular filtration
C)Active tubular secretion
D)Passive tubular diffusion

Question 48

Which drug is eliminated with zero-order kinetics?

A)Probenecid
B)Aspirin
C)Allopurinol
D)Penicillin
E)Naproxyn sodium

Question 49

A prodrug is an inactive drug compound that becomes transformed into an active drug compound.

Question 50

The need for an increasingly larger dose of a drug to obtain the same effects as the original dose is

A)drug dependency.
B)insufficiency.
C)drug tolerance.
D)craving.

Question 51

Which of the following statements are true regarding drug-receptor interactions? (Select all that apply. )

A)Drug receptors appear to consist of many large molecules that exist either on the cell membrane or within the cell itself.
B)A specific drug will usually bind with a specific receptor in a lock-and-key fashion.
C)Only a single receptor type is found at the site of action.
D)The energy formed by a drug-receptor interaction is very strong and the bond is difficult to break.

Question 52

Which is true of a drug with a stronger affinity for a receptor site versus a drug with a weaker affinity for the same site?

A)A drug with stronger affinity is more potent than a drug with weaker affinity.
B)A drug with stronger affinity will function as a competitive antagonist rather than as an agonist.
C)A drug with stronger affinity will function as a competitive antagonist rather than as an Agonist.
D)A drug with stronger affinity will function as an agonist.

Question 53

The route of administration of a drug affects both the onset and duration of response.

Question 54

A prodrug is an example of which type mechanism of metabolism?

A)Active to active
B)Active to inactive
C)Inactive to active
D)Inactive to inactive