Deck 8: Antifungal and Antiviral Agents

Question 1

Which dose form of acyclovir has been effective for the treatment of herpes labialis in an immunocompromised person?

A)Oral
B)Topical
C)Pastille
D)Troche

Answer 1

Oral

Question 2

The main advantage of nystatin pastilles over the aqueous suspension is that

A)the pastilles do not contain sugar like the suspension.
B)15 minutes are required for the lozenge to dissolve in the mouth.
C)the pastilles have twice rather than four times dosing a day as in the suspension,improving compliance.
D)the pastilles are swallowed,whereas the suspension should be spit out.

Answer 2

15 minutes are required for the lozenge to dissolve in the mouth.

Question 3

Viruses are difficult to treat because they cooperate with the host's cells.

A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)The first statement is true,the second is false.
D)The first statement is false,the second is true.

Answer 3

Both statements are true.

Question 4

Which of the following antifungal agents is produced by Streptomyces noursei?

A)Fluconazole
B)Clotrimazole
C)Ketoconazole
D)Nystatin

Question 5

Which of the following is not an imidazole?

A)Clotrimazole
B)Ketoconazole
C)Fluconazole
D)Nystatin

Question 6

All of the following are antifungal agents that are useful in dentistry except

A)miconazole.
B)docosanol.
C)clotrimazole.
D)ketoconazole.

Question 7

The mechanism of action of nystatin involves binding to the

A)30S ribosomal subunit of bacterial rRNA.
B)50S ribosomal subunit of bacterial rRNA.
C)sterols in the fungal cell membrane.
D)enzymes in the nucleus of molds.

Question 8

Which of the following agents has poor oral absorption?

A)Nystatin
B)Itraconazole
C)Terbinafine
D)Griseofulvin

Question 9

Nystatin is used for both the treatment and the prevention of _____ in susceptible cases.

A)blastomycosis
B)histoplasmosis
C)oral candidiasis
D)tinea

Question 10

Thrush is

A)an allergic reaction.
B)an idiosyncrasy.
C)oropharyngeal candidiasis.
D)a serious systemic fungal infection.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true concerning clotrimazole?

A)It is available in the form of an aqueous suspension for oral use.
B)It is the only antifungal for oral use that does not contain sugar.
C)Clotrimazole has been reported to produce elevated liver enzyme levels in approximately 85% of patients.
D)Systemic clotrimazole should not be administered to a pregnant woman.

Question 12

Topical acyclovir

A)will prevent the transmission of herpes labialis.
B)has been effective in the treatment of herpes labialis infections in nonimmunocompromised patients.
C)does not prevent the recurrence of herpes labialis.
D)Both A and B are correct.
E)Both B and C are correct.

Question 13

The most frequent adverse reaction(s)associated with ketoconazole is (are)

A)diarrhea.
B)nausea and vomiting.
C)xerostomia.
D)premature ventricular contractions.

Question 14

Ketoconazole should not be used with _____ because it could reduce the absorption of ketoconazole.

A)penicillin V
B)metronidazole
C)anticholinergic agents
D)acyclovir

Question 15

Which of the following is a synthetic antifungal agent available in the form of a slowly dissolving,sugar-containing lozenge for oral use?

A)Clotrimazole
B)Ketoconazole
C)Fluconazole
D)Nystatin

Question 16

The following statements are true of ketoconazole except which one?

A)Ketoconazole is an imidazole that is used in dentistry.
B)Hepatotoxicity subsequent to the administration of ketoconazole is thought to be an idiosyncratic reaction.
C)Ketoconazole has a masculinizing effect by increasing testosterone levels.
D)At least 2 hours should pass between the ingestion of an antacid and the administration of ketoconazole.
E)Ketoconazole is available as a cream.

Question 17

The most serious adverse reaction associated with ketoconazole is

A)tachycardia.
B)hepatotoxicity.
C)hypotension.
D)achlorhydria.

Question 18

Which of the following is used prophylactically against candidiasis in immunocompromised patients or for the treatment of candidal infections that do not respond to other agents?

A)Nystatin
B)Ketoconazole
C)Fluconazole
D)Clotrimazole

Question 19

Which of the following is true of acyclovir?

A)It works by inhibiting replication of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
B)It should be taken on an empty stomach because food affects the drug's absorption.
C)The antiviral action of acyclovir includes herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2),but it is not effective against varicella-zoster virus or Epstein-Barr virus.
D)The most common adverse effects associated with oral acyclovir are anorexia and a funny taste in the mouth.

Question 20

Which of the following is the usual adult dose of ketoconazole for the treatment of Candida species?

A)5 ml of aqueous suspension (100,000 U/ml)four times daily
B)200 to 400 mg orally daily
C)One pastille four to five times daily
D)One troche one to five times daily

Question 21

Each of the following is a consequence of the interaction of interferon with cells except one.Which is the exception?

A)Alteration of the state of cellular differentiation
B)Stimulation of oncogene expression
C)Induction of gene transcription
D)Inhibition of cellular growth

Question 22

HIV-2 is only transmitted

A)from a woman to her child while the child is in the womb.
B)via sexual intercourse.
C)by intravenous substance abuse.
D)by sharing of bodily fluids.

Question 23

Which of the following agents is a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used to treat HIV infection?

A)Saquinavir
B)Nevirapine
C)Zidovudine
D)Raltegravir

Question 24

Nystatin is available in the form of a(n)_____ for the treatment of oral candidiasis.(Select all that apply. )

A)intramuscular injection
B)200-mg oral tablet
C)aqueous suspension
D)pastille

Question 25

A person with hepatitis _____ is most likely to develop chronic hepatitis.

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 26

Which of the following classes of drugs used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)block the progression from HIV infection to AIDS by preventing the passage of the virus across the human cell membrane?

A)Integrase inhibitor
B)Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
C)Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor
D)Entry inhibitor
E)Protease inhibitor

Question 27

Most antiviral agents are either purine or pyrimidine analogues that inhibit synthesis of

A)tRNA.
B)mRNA.
C)rRNA.
D)DNA.

Question 28

Which of the following groups of drugs used to treat HIV can interfere with the action of the HIV-infected cells?

A)Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
B)Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
C)Protease inhibitors
D)Both A and B
E)Both B and C

Question 29

Which type of herpes virus is transmitted to humans primarily by a monkey bite?

A)Herpes simplex type 1
B)Herpes simplex type 2
C)Herpes B virus
D)Varicella-zoster

Question 30

Which of the following types of HIV drugs are also used to treat hepatitis B? (Select all that apply. )

A)Nucleoside analog or nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
B)Nonnucleoside analogs or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
C)Protease inhibitor
D)Fusion/entry inhibitor
E)Integrase inhibitor

Question 31

Docosanol 10% has been shown to decrease healing time by about _____ in patients with recurrent orolabial herpes when started within 12 hours of the appearance of prodromal symptoms.

A)One half day
B)2 days
C)5 days
D)7 to 10 days

Question 32

A dental hygienist should receive postexposure prophylaxis within __ hours following exposure to the HIV virus?

A)24
B)48
C)72
D)96
E)Zero hours because the medication must be administered prior to exposure.

Question 33

Which of the following statements is true of zidovudine (AZT,Retrovir)?

A)It prevents cells containing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)from replicating.
B)The toxicity of zidovudine is related to bone marrow depression.
C)It has no effect on the number and frequency of opportunistic infections.
D)Both A and B are true.
E)Both B and C are true.

Question 34

Which of the following describes ketoconazole? (Select all that apply. )

A)It binds to sterols in the fungal cell membrane.
B)It requires an acidic environment for adequate systemic absorption.
C)It may interact with warfarin.
D)It is the drug of choice for treatment of tinea.

Question 35

Topical acyclovir will prevent transmission of herpes labialis.Topical acyclovir will prevent recurrence of herpes labialis.

A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)The first statement is true,the second is false.
D)The first statement false,the second is true.

Question 36

What is integrase in the context of infection with human immunodeficiency virus?

A)It measures the CD4 lymphocyte count to determine the health of the patient.
B)It is a viral enzyme that inserts the viral genome into the DNA of the host cell.
C)It prevents the cleavage of viral protein precursors needed to generate functional structural proteins in and modulation of reverse transcriptase activity.
D)It terminates the synthesis of viral DNA.

Question 37

Which of the following two types of hepatitis account for almost two-thirds of all cases of hepatitis?

A)A and B
B)A and C
C)B and C
D)C and D

Question 38

Why would a patient ever take a vaginal tablet of nystatin orally?

A)The vaginal tablet is dosed once per day,which is less frequently than the oral pastille.
B)The vaginal tablet does not contain sugar.
C)The vaginal tablet does not require a prescription.
D)The vaginal tablet has better flavor than the oral tablet.
E)Only if they did not read the directions and did not know any better.

Question 39

The most common FDA-approved use of interferons is for the treatment of which of the following? (Select all that apply. )

A)Hepatitis B
B)Hepatitis C
C)Multiple sclerosis
D)Emphysema
E)Sarcoidosis

Question 40

Which antifungal agent for oral candidiasis is available as an aqueous suspension?

A)Clotrimazole
B)Ketoconazole
C)Fluconazole
D)Nystatin

Question 41

Most antiviral agents are protein synthesis inhibitors.

Question 42

Topical acyclovir can prevent the recurrence of herpes labialis.

Question 43

No acyclovir products are approved for the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis in the immunocompetent patient.

Question 44

Oral candidal infections are often treatable with oral antifungal lozenges and rinses.

Question 45

All currently available interferons are parenteral.