Deck 17: International Relations

Question 1

Which statement explains how force relates to power?

A)Power cannot be held without the threat of force.
B)Force is one particular way that power is exercised.
C)The exercise of power negates the need to use force.
D)The use of force is fundamental to the exercise of power.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What is one reason that most Americans are not well informed about foreign policy issues?

A)Most Americans wait until the presidential debates to learn about foreign policy.
B)The elite press focuses on domestic issues and usually does not cover foreign affairs.
C)Most Americans already have rigid ideological positions and do not waver from them.
D)Foreign policy decisions are usually made by a small number of elites behind closed doors.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A country that possesses weapons of mass destruction can __________

A)both exercise force and wield power
B)determine another state's degree of sovereignty
C)set and enforce rules for the international system
D)define its national interest purely in terms of power

Answer 3

A

Question 4

According to Hans Morgenthau,__________ is the basic element of international politics.

A)money
B)power
C)human capital
D)nationalist sentiment

Question 5

The European Union is __________.

A)the European members of the United Nations
B)the European allies of the Soviet Union during the Cold War
C)a country that comprises many formerly sovereign countries in Europe
D)a set of European countries that chose to create a political and economic union

Question 6

During the Cold War,most of Eastern Europe remained under Soviet control,and many small Central American countries functioned under the watchful eye of the United States.What does this suggest about the nature of sovereignty?

A)Small nations are almost never dominated by larger,more powerful ones.
B)Large and powerful countries try not to meddle in the affairs of smaller nations.
C)Small,weaker countries are routinely influenced by larger,more powerful countries.
D)In the Western World,even small and militarily weak countries maintain sovereignty.

Question 7

When military allies disagree with each other about the need to invade an enemy nation,they most likely __________

A)disagree about the definition of a just war
B)have a wide disparity in levels of military power
C)have a different national interest in relation to that enemy
D)believe that economic power is more important than military power

Question 8

How does international relations compare to domestic politics?

A)There are more international rules than domestic laws.
B)The power structure of international relations is less complex.
C)There is no central power that can enforce rules in international politics.
D)The number of interest groups involved in international politics is much smaller.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true regarding Canadian sovereignty?

A)Canada does not maintain full legal sovereignty from the United States.
B)Few Canadians recognize foreign influence on their country's sovereignty.
C)Canada unsuccessfully exerts cultural and economic sovereignty over the United States.
D)Many Canadians argue that cultural penetration by the United States threatens their claim to sovereignty.

Question 10

In theory,what is the role of foreign powers in relation to sovereign states?

A)Foreign powers agree to provide financial aid in times of crisis.
B)Foreign powers typically maintain satellite rule over sovereign states.
C)Foreign states have no business intruding on a sovereign state's affairs.
D)Foreign powers can overrule sovereign states in economic matters,but not cultural ones.

Question 11

How is the Iranian effort to acquire nuclear capabilities an example of the problem of sovereignty?

A)Iran could potentially use a nuclear weapon to attack another sovereign nation.
B)Iran does not have the legitimate authority to break international atomic energy agreements.
C)Iran is powerless to stop other nations from imposing economic sanctions to stop its nuclear program.
D)Iran has no obligation to comply with the desire of other nations to limit the proliferation of nuclear weapons.

Question 12

Suppose France passes a law forbidding companies from doing business with North Korea.This will have a limited impact because __________.

A)North Korea is not part of any alliance system that France belongs to.
B)international law prevents nations from imposing sanctions of this kind.
C)France is violating North Korean sovereignty by interfering with its economy.
D)French laws do not apply to all companies hoping to do business in North Korea.

Question 13

The behavior of the superpowers during the Cold War demonstrated that __________.

A)alliances are inherently unstable
B)sovereignty does not guarantee control
C)international relations is a highly organized system
D)domestic politics and international relations are fundamentally similar

Question 14

The notion that sovereignty is a question of degree means that __________.

A)a failed state still has a high degree of sovereignty.
B)sovereign nations often claim territories that are overlapping.
C)within a particular territory there are various interest groups vying for power.
D)a legally sovereign nation does not necessarily have full control over its own territory.

Question 15

The provision of U.S.military aid to Afghanistan __________.

A)demonstrates that Afghanistan is a failed state
B)limits the degree of Afghanistan's sovereignty
C)brings Afghanistan into the international system
D)guarantees Afghanistan control over its territory

Question 16

The World Trade Organization (WTO)is committed to __________.

A)promoting the free-market ideology
B)serving its members' national interests
C)preventing bipolar economic domination
D)limiting the negative impacts of globalization

Question 17

Which of these involves the highest degree of uncertainty?

A)determining how force relates to power
B)determining a country's recognized borders
C)deciding what serves a country's national interest
D)deciding whether or not a country has sovereignty

Question 18

A country that lowers its tariffs on important farm products and manufactured goods is committed to __________.

A)free markets
B)protectionism
C)collective security
D)noninterventionism

Question 19

To Morgenthau,a nation's behavior in international relations is based on its __________.

A)national interest
B)economic system
C)form of government
D)military capabilities

Question 20

What is in a country's national interest is most often determined by __________.

A)foreign policy makers
B)the majority of citizens
C)international institutions
D)multinational corporations

Question 21

Which of the following questions highlights a problem with the biological explanation for war?

A)Why aren't all nations constantly at war?
B)Why is there a United Nations to keep the peace?
C)Why is most of the fighting done by democracies?
D)Why do some countries fight wars against the same enemy under different leaders?

Question 22

A country that is pursuing protectionist policies wants to __________.

A)expand its sovereignty
B)prevent foreign invasion
C)participate in military alliances
D)strengthen its domestic economy

Question 23

Japan taxes rice imports at nearly 800 percent.This policy is most likely a result of __________.

A)the impact of "Thatcherism"
B)the domestic power of rice growers
C)Japanese resistance to globalization
D)Japan's rejection of free-market concepts

Question 24

Which theory states that peace results when several states use national power and alliances to stabilize one another,blocking would-be expansionists?

A)micro theory
B)macro theory
C)balance-of-power theory
D)hierarchy-of-power theory

Question 25

The European Union does not allow its member nations to charge tariffs on agricultural goods traded among members.This policy is most likely a result of __________.

A)the impact of "Thatcherism"
B)European resistance to globalization
C)the economic power of the United States
D)the political influence of European farmers

Question 26

Which of these claims would constitute a micro theory to explain the persistence of war throughout history?

A)Preparation for war is really preparation for peace.
B)National interests are bound to clash with each other.
C)Aggressiveness is a fundamental part of human nature.
D)International institutions are not as powerful as nation-states.

Question 27

A balance of power can occur because nations are assumed to __________.

A)be inherently aggressive
B)pursue their own national interest
C)favor force over other forms of power
D)have fundamentally overlapping goals

Question 28

Canada limits the showing of U.S.-made movies and requires radio stations to play a certain percentage of Canadian-produced content.These policies are an example of __________.

A)bipolarity
B)Thatcherism
C)globalization
D)protectionism

Question 29

In order for collective security to work,there must be __________.

A)a balance of power
B)international institutions
C)an enforcement mechanism
D)a high level of globalization

Question 30

The recent global contraction brought a new wave of __________.

A)offshoring
B)outsourcing
C)isolationism
D)protectionism

Question 31

Which of these is the best example of misperception in international politics?

A)Israel believes that Iran is one of its enemies.
B)The leaders of ISIS believe that the United States is providing arms to its enemies.
C)The Soviet Union believed that the United States was opposed to its economic system.
D)President Bush believed that Saddam Hussein possessed weapons of mass destruction.

Question 32

According to macro theorists,__________ are the key actors in war.

A)citizens
B)cultures
C)leaders
D)states

Question 33

The balance of power theory claims that peace will occur when __________.

A)there is a clear hierarchy of capacities among nations in a region
B)major nations have roughly the same level of military capabilities
C)the international system is dominated by only one or two major powers
D)there are no misperceptions about competing nations' intentions toward each other

Question 34

Micro theories of war __________.

A)consider culture the root cause of all war
B)view war as the result of history and geography
C)explain war in terms of biology and psychology
D)view war as the consequence of the power and ambitions of states

Question 35

Which of these countries has isolated itself from global markets?

A)Haiti
B)Malawi
C)North Korea
D)Yemen

Question 36

__________ theory argues that leaders often interpret another nation's actions as hostile and threatening,but consider their own actions to be merely defensive.

A)Leader-bias
B)Self-defense
C)Misperception
D)Hierarchy-of-power

Question 37

What does the World Trade Organization (WTO)have in common with the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)?

A)its commitment to free markets
B)its opposition to runaway globalization
C)the strength of its enforcement mechanism
D)the way it is dominated by developing nations

Question 38

"Thatcherism" was aimed at creating __________.

A)freer markets
B)stricter regulations
C)expanded welfare states
D)more interventionist foreign policy

Question 39

Which of these claims most strongly undermines the balance-of-power theory?

A)Globalization can reduce a nation's level of cultural sovereignty.
B)Realist calculations tend to dominate the making of foreign policy decisions.
C)Political leaders do not always know which actions best promote the national interest.
D)International institutions do not have the same enforcement powers as domestic political institutions.

Question 40

Which of the following is evidence that bipolarity increases stability in the international system?

A)the importance of economics for ending the Cold War
B)the long period of peace among European powers during the nineteenth century
C)the ability of the United Nations and the World Trade Organization to promote globalization
D)the absence of major wars between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War period

Question 41

The doctrine of supranationalism is difficult for some political leaders to accept because __________.

A)it involves giving up sovereignty
B)they reject balance-of-power thinking
C)they have misperceptions about what it involves
D)it relies on a narrow definition of national interest

Question 42

How does the spread of democracy promote the cause of peace?

A)Democracies have better trained diplomats.
B)Democracies have a habit of handling conflict peacefully.
C)Democracies use humanitarian aid to benefit other nations.
D)Democracies understand their own national interest clearly.

Question 43

In practice,it is easy to determine if a nation is sovereign or not.

Question 44

Which statement best explains why China presents the United States with a different challenge than the Soviet Union once did?

A)Unlike the Soviet Union,China cannot limit U.S.trade in Asia.
B)Unlike the Soviet Union,China does not have an overarching,long-term goal.
C)Unlike the Soviet Union,China is not seeking to spread its system outside of its own boundaries.
D)Unlike the Soviet Union,China does not present the United States with a direct economic threat.

Question 45

Collective security is problematic because of __________.

A)globalization
B)the hierarchy of power
C)differences in national interest
D)inherent human aggressiveness

Question 46

After the U.S.invasion of Iraq in 204,Iraq's stockpiles of weapons of mass destruction were discovered and destroyed.

Question 47

According to balance-of-power theorists,the great periods of relative peace in the West have been times when the European powers balanced each other.

Question 48

Following 9/11,NATO forces worked to stabilize Afghanistan.

Question 49

Sovereignty means that foreign powers have no business intruding in your country's affairs.

Question 50

In East Asia,civilians guide what are deemed key industries,aimed at rapid growth and dominance of certain markets.

Question 51

Which of these is an example that supports the functionalist view?

A)The League of Nations was replaced by the United Nations.
B)The international community strongly supports sanctions against North Korea.
C)The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade evolved into the World Trade Organization.
D)The Cold War competition between the United States and the Soviet Union produced a long period of international stability.

Question 52

Third parties can carry messages back and forth,clarify the issues,and suggest compromises,as the UN's Ralph Bunche did between Arabs and Israelis in 1949.

Question 53

Which statement explains why forming a world government is difficult?

A)States have different forms of government.
B)States have a wide variety of economic policies.
C)States would have to be committed to globalization.
D)States would have to give up a great deal of sovereignty.

Question 54

The Nuremberg War Crimes Trials assumed which of the following?

A)War cannot be prevented.
B)Sovereignty has natural limits.
C)Aggression is fundamental to human nature.
D)Nations have a responsibility to protect the innocent.

Question 55

Unlike isolationism,noninterventionism __________.

A)rejects the balance-of-power theory
B)accepts the idea of collective security
C)rejects U.S.involvement in trade alliances
D)accepts certain kinds of overseas involvement

Question 56

Starting in 1949,NATO coordinated Western Europe and North America to act as a single defender under unified command in the event of a Japanese attack.

Question 57

In 1991,Moscow saw its national interest in using military force to control Czechoslovakia and Georgia even though the outside world protested.

Question 58

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)is an example of __________.

A)multipolarity
B)supranationalism
C)collective security
D)the balance of power

Question 59

Which of these statements most likely comes from an advocate of noninterventionism?

A)The United States cannot be isolated in world affairs,but it should use its military capabilities only sparingly.
B)The United States should pressure the United Nations to be more assertive in the name of collective security.
C)The United States should participate in peacekeeping missions only when there is a clear humanitarian purpose.
D)The United States should withdraw from international institutions,but it should continue trading with other nations.

Question 60

The U.S.forces in IFOR (Implementation Force)in Bosnia during the 1990s were adequately equipped and instructed to destroy attackers; these robust rules of engagement incited violent rebellion from Serbian forces.