Question 1

What is the primary pharmacologic therapy for Candida albicans?&#10;A)Steroids&#10;B)Antifungal agents&#10;C)Topical anesthetics&#10;D)Topical anti inflammatory agents

Accepted Answer

Candida albicans is the most common oral infection appearing in extremely debilitated patients.Medications that predispose a person to C.albicans infections are those that depress the immune system and those that cause xerostomia.C.albicans is a fungus and therefore is treated with antifungal agents such as nystatin (Mycostatin).Steroids, topical anesthetics, and topical anti inflammatory agents are not used to treat C.albicans.

Question 2

A patient using carbamide peroxide (Gly Oxide) to treat multiple canker sores develops tissue irritation and black hairy tongue.The patient asks the nurse what can be done to soothe the pain.The nurse will first encourage use of:

A)Milk of Magnesia.
B)viscous lidocaine 2%.
C)Salivart.
D)saline rinses.

saline rinses.

Accepted Answer

Saline rinses may be soothing and can be used before topical application of carbamide peroxide (Gly Oxide).They would be encouraged prior to other measures.Milk of Magnesia, viscous lidocaine 2%, and Salivart are not used to soothe this side effect.

Question 3

Which infection is often called the &#34;disease of the diseased&#34; because it appears in debilitated patients?&#10;A)Aspergillosis&#10;B)Candidiasis&#10;C)Trichomoniasis&#10;D)Brucellosis

Accepted Answer

Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by Candida albicans, the most common organism associated with oral infections.It is often called the "disease of the diseased" because it appears in debilitated patients and patients taking a variety of medicines.Aspergillosis is caused by the fungus Aspergillus, which is commonly found growing on dead leaves, stored grain, or compost piles, or in other decaying vegetation.Although it is similar to candidiasis in its occurrence in debilitated patients, it is not as common.Trichomoniasis is a common parasitic sexually transmitted disease.Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection transmitted from animals to humans by the ingestion of infected food products, direct contact with an infected animal, or inhalation of aerosols.

Question 4

Which medication helps prevent or reduce mucositis in patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation treatment?&#10;A)Amlexanox paste (Aphthasol)&#10;B)Palifermin (Kepivance)&#10;C)Docosanol (Abreva)&#10;D)Nystatin (Mycostatin)

Accepted Answer

Palifermin is a recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor approved specifically for preventing and treating the mucositis that develops in leukemia or lymphoma patients undergoing chemotherapy before bone marrow transplantation.Amlexanox paste is used to treat canker sores.Docosanol is used to treat cold sores.Nystatin is used to treat thrush.

Question 5

Which information will the nurse include when teaching a patient about cold sores?&#10;A)Use of drying agents prevents the spread of secretions.&#10;B)Erupted lesions are not contagious.&#10;C)Eruptions are related to breaks in personal hygiene.&#10;D)Pus filled lesions indicate a secondary bacterial infection.

Accepted Answer

Cold sore lesions first become visible as small red papules that later develop into 1 to 3 mm diameter fluid filled blisters.Over the following 10 to 14 days, a crust develops as the vesicles that burst coalesce into larger lesions.The liquid from the vesicles contains the live virus that can be transferred to other people by direct contact.The base of the lesions is erythematous.If pus develops in the vesicles or under the crust of a cold sore, a secondary bacterial infection may be present and the patient should seek medical attention.Drying agents are not used to treat cold sores.Cold sores are contagious.Eruptions are not necessarily related to poor personal hygiene.

Question 6

A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) uses a corticosteroid inhaler bid.Which adverse effect is associated with this medication?&#10;A)Mucositis&#10;B)Plaque&#10;C)Xerostomia&#10;D)Candidiasis

Accepted Answer

Medications that predispose a patient to candidiasis are those that suppress the immune system, including immunosuppressants, corticosteroids, cytotoxics, and broad spectrum antibiotics.Educating patients on the importance of oral hygiene following prescribed inhalation dosages will assist in decreasing this complication.Mucositis, plaque, and xerostomia are not associated with steroid inhaler use.

Question 7

Which local anesthetic is used for inflammation of oral mucous membranes?&#10;A)Chlorhexidine (Peridex)&#10;B)2% viscous lidocaine&#10;C)Nystatin (Mycostatin)&#10;D)Hydrogen peroxide

Accepted Answer

Two percent viscous lidocaine is used as a topical anesthetic for pain associated with oral inflammation.Care must be taken so that the patient does not accidentally burn himself or herself because the drug anesthetizes the entire mouth and throat.Chlorhexidine, nystatin, and hydrogen peroxide are not local anesthetics.

Question 8

What will the nurse include when educating a 12-year-old patient about care of a cold sore? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A)&#34;Keep the cold sore clean with mild soap.&#34;&#10;B)&#34;Use an astringent to assist in drying the cold sore and promote rapid healing.&#34;&#10;C)&#34;Keep the cold sore moist to prevent cracking.&#34;&#10;D)&#34;Note signs of infection, including the presence of pus.Contact the health care provider if this occurs.&#34;&#10;E)&#34;Oral analgesics may help alleviate pain.&#34;

Accepted Answer

To reduce the possibility of further infection with bacteria, the area should be kept clean.Cold sores should be kept moist to prevent cracking and the development of secondary bacterial infection.With secondary infection, application of antibiotic ointment would be indicated.Application of docosanol, local anesthetics, and UV blockers or oral analgesics may be prescribed.Astringents should be avoided to prevent drying, delayed healing, and increased discomfort.

Question 9

Which assessment information is pertinent to oral health? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A)Medication history&#10;B)Dental history, visit frequency&#10;C)Presence of halitosis&#10;D)Amount of saliva present&#10;E)Bowel sounds

Accepted Answer

Pertinent history for oral health includes current drug therapy and dental history and frequency.Halitosis may indicate poor oral hygiene or the presence of infection in the oral cavity.Reduced amount of saliva is a risk factor for injury and infection in the oral cavity.Bowel sounds are not pertinent information to oral health.

Question 10

In addition to discomfort, which are adverse effects of xerostomia? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A)Reduced taste and appetite&#10;B)Excessive salivation&#10;C)Difficulty chewing and swallowing food&#10;D)Increase in dental caries&#10;E)Difficulty with speech&#10;F)Improved taste and enjoyment of food

Accepted Answer

Xerostomia increases tooth decay and causes loss of taste, difficulty in chewing and swallowing food, and difficulty talking.Xerostomia does not cause excessive salivation or food to taste better.

Question 11

The nurse is assessing a patient's mouth and notes white, milk curd-appearing plaques attached to the oral mucosa.Which condition is present?&#10;A)Thrush&#10;B)Canker sores&#10;C)Cold sores&#10;D)Mucositis

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is assessing a patient's mouth...

Question 12

A patient who is undergoing bone marrow transplantation has developed severe mucositis.Which treatment option(s) may promote comfort? (Select all that apply.)&#10;A)2% viscous lidocaine (Xylocaine) before meals&#10;B)Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) therapy as needed&#10;C)Commercially prepared mouthwashes&#10;D)Docosanol (Abreva) therapy&#10;E)Milk of Magnesia mouth rinses

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient who is undergoing bone marrow...

Question 13

The nurse is assisting with care of a patient on chemotherapy with severe mucositis.The patient reports mucous membrane pain level to be "8" on the pain scale.The priority nursing diagnosis for this patient is:

A)altered nutrition: less than body requirements.
B)risk for aspiration.
C)fluid volume deficit.
D)pain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is assisting with care of...

Question 14

A patient is being treated with topical amlexanox paste 5% (Zilactin).Which statement by the patient indicates a knowledge deficit?&#10;A)&#34;This medicine will help control discomfort.&#34;&#10;B)&#34;I will apply the paste before meals.&#34;&#10;C)&#34;The paste will be applied to each lesion.&#34;&#10;D)&#34;Healing will be promoted.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient is being treated with topical...

Question 15

The nurse is completing education for a patient who will be undergoing chemotherapy next week.In anticipation of adverse effects associated with oral mucositis resulting from chemotherapy, which information will the nurse include in the teaching plan? (Select all that apply.)

A)Avoid acidic and spicy foods.
B)Using docosanol (Abreva) will decrease the pain.
C)Milk of Magnesia can be used to rinse the mouth and coat mucous membranes.
D)Nystatin liquid can be taken orally to eliminate fungal infections.
E)Cleanse the oral cavity before applying topical agents.
F)Rinse the mouth with an over the counter (OTC) mouthwash.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is completing education for a...

Question 16

Which condition is treated by saliva substitutes?&#10;A)Caries&#10;B)Mucositis&#10;C)Xerostomia&#10;D)Halitosis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which condition is treated by saliva substitutes?&#10;A)Caries&#10;B)Mucositis&#10;C)Xerostomia&#10;D)Halitosis...

Question 17

What is the most common cause of most tooth, gum, and periodontal disease?&#10;A)Sugar&#10;B)Halitosis&#10;C)Plaque&#10;D)Smoking

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the most common cause of...

Question 18

Which instruction by the nurse is most important when educating a patient about using viscous lidocaine (Xylocaine) for mucositis?&#10;A)&#34;Cleanse the oral cavity after using.&#34;&#10;B)&#34;This medication can be used as a gargle.&#34;&#10;C)&#34;After using, wait for 30 minutes before eating.&#34;&#10;D)&#34;Your sense of taste will be diminished.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which instruction by the nurse is most...

Deck 32: Drugs Used to Treat Oral Disorders