Deck 7: Victimology, Victim Services, and Victim Rights in Canada

Question 1

Within the context of the rights of crime victims,what does the right to reparations refer to?

A)the right to know everything about the offender
B)the right to see the evidence the offender will be presenting in his/her trial defence
C)the right to receive restitution from the offender and/or compensation from the state
D)the right to engage in a reparative justice process in which the victim can confront the offender

Answer 1

C

Question 2

According to victimization surveys in Canada,what percentage of adults report more than one victimization in the past year?

A)10%
B)20%
C)30%
D)40%

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following does the textbook refer to as the Magna Carta for Victims?

A)the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1983)
B)UN Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power (1985)
C)the Canadian Victims Bill of Rights (2014)
D)the US Crime Victim Rights Act (2004)

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following decades marked the beginning of pioneering efforts to address the needs of victims of crime?

A)1940s
B)1960s
C)1970s
D)1980s

Question 5

On which of the following does the textbook NOT blame the slow progress to attain victim rights in Canada?

A)lack of transparency in the development of policies to meet victim needs
B)legal bureaucracy
C)resistance to change within the criminal justice system
D)lack of interest from the general public

Question 6

Through its criminal justice policies,the Conservative Government often uses victims of crimes for which of the following purposes?

A)to justify punitive penalties for offenders
B)to justify why there needs to be more sensitivity to the Charter rights of offenders
C)to establish a permanent victim services unit in the federal Department of Justice
D)to funnel more federal funding to programs that prevent victimization

Question 7

Which of the following best represents the key contribution of the World Society of Victimology to date?

A)influencing the creation of the United Nations resolution on the Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power
B)a major international symposium every three years
C)identification and establishment of the Core Rights of Victims
D)graduate courses given every year for decades

Question 8

Which of the following groups does this chapter refer to as the "orphans" of the criminal justice system?

A)convicted offenders
B)victims
C)alleged offenders
D)witnesses

Question 9

Which province was the first to implement a victim fine surcharge to help fund victims services?

A)British Columbia
B)Manitoba
C)New Brunswick
D)Nova Scotia

Question 10

According to a 2011 report by the Department of Justice,which of the following figures is closest to the total annual cost of harm to crime victims in Canada in 2008?

A)$100 million
B)$1 billion
C)$10 billion
D)$100 billion

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a major component of the UN Resolution on the Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and abuse of Power of 1985?

A)to implement basic principle of justice for victims of crime and abuse of power
B)to prevent victimization through comprehensive measures
C)to shift the justice systems from an offender focus to one balancing offenders and the needs of victims
D)to ensure national governments paid for the costs of pain and suffering incurred by victims of crimes

Question 12

All but one of the following represents an initiative that was initially part of the pioneering efforts to address the needs of crime victims.Which one is NOT considered one of these early initiatives?

A)Victims' Bill of Rights
B)victim-witness programs
C)rape crisis centres
D)victimization surveys

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT one of the core rights of victims outlined in the textbook?

A)the right to publicize
B)the right to assistance
C)the right to information
D)the right to reparations

Question 14

How frequently are victimization surveys administered in Canada?

A)every year
B)every two years
C)every five years
D)every ten years

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT one of the traditional roles played by the victim within the criminal justice process?

A)to call police
B)to provide evidence
C)to testify in court
D)to cross examine the defendant during a criminal trial

Question 16

Which province was the first in Canada to provide compensation to victims of violence crime?

A)Alberta
B)Saskatchewan
C)Ontario
D)Quebec

Question 17

Which of the following best represents a victim fine surcharge?

A)Police fine individuals who fraudulently pretend to be victims of crime to collect compensation.
B)The court fines an offender as part of his or her criminal sentence.
C)The provincial government sues an offender to help pay for victim service units.
D)The police levy a charge to victims to help re-coup policing costs.

Question 18

According to a 2011 Department of Justice report,which of the following represents the single largest cost to crime victims in Canada?

A)health care
B)stolen/damaged property
C)victim services and compensation programs
D)emotional pain and suffering

Question 19

Which branch of the criminal justice system is the costliest?

A)corrections
B)police
C)prosecution
D)victim services

Question 20

Which of the following is a principal reason victims of crime do not access services available to victims?

A)There are usually no victim service units in their jurisdiction.
B)Police are unlikely to inform victims of relevant services.
C)There is a cost to the victim to access such services.
D)Most victims believe such services will not help them in any way.

Question 21

According to this chapter,which is the best way to reduce victimization and the resulting harms and costs?

A)tough on crime legislation
B)more resources for victim service units
C)preventing crime from occurring in the first place
D)more police resources

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT one of the rights spelled out in the Canadian Victim Bill of Rights?

A)the right of the victim for legal standing in a criminal trial
B)the right of the victim to information about the status of the investigation and criminal proceedings
C)the right of the victim to restitution,including compensation from the offender
D)the right of the victim to have their security and privacy considered by the appropriate authorities in the criminal justice system

Question 23

In which of the following are most victims services units in Canada located?

A)police
B)courts
C)non-government community groups
D)parole and probation agencies

Question 24

The textbook criticizes police in Canada for not focusing on victim services in any significant way.Which of the following is NOT one of the failings by police that has been criticized in this chapter?

A)Victim services units have still not been established by most police agencies in Canada.
B)Victim services units have been set up in Canada,but there is great variability and no systematic data on how many are serviced and how effectively.
C)There is the lack of protocols on how an officer responding to a 911 call should respect victims' rights and respond to their needs.
D)Police have failed to improve how they respond to female victims of sexual assault.

Question 25

According to a Statistics Canada study (Allen,2014)what percentage of adults who were known to be crime victims were treated by victim service providers in Canada?

A)80%
B)50%
C)30%
D)10%

Question 26

Which of the following are the four ways to rebalance justice for crime victims as advocated by Waller?

A)model legislation,international collaboration,an amendment to the Charter of Rights and Freedoms,and more research
B)model legislation,an independently funded institute,social science evaluations,and an amendment to the Charter of Rights and Freedoms
C)model legislation,international collaboration,an independently funded institute,and increased policing
D)tougher laws,more policing,an independently funded institute,and an amendment to the Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Question 27

Which of the following best represents the trend as far as the proportion of Canadian victims who report their victimization to police is concerned?

A)It has been declining.
B)It has been increasing.
C)It has stayed the same.
D)There is insufficient data to determine a trend.

Question 28

Which of the following is one of the critiques of the Canadian Victim Bill of Rights?

A)It does not allow victims to access information about their court cases.
B)It does not specify how victims will be protected from future victimization.
C)It does not provide victims access to restitution from the offender.
D)It does not provide victims with the right to participate in criminal justice proceedings that affect them.

Question 29

Which of the following best represents the three-pronged approach to reducing victimization called for by the United Nations and other influential bodies?

A)enforcement,community treatment for persons at risk of offending,and prevention
B)increased opportunities,community treatment for persons at risk of offending,and prevention
C)enforcement,prevention,and restitution for victims
D)enforcement,prosecution,and incarceration

Question 30

Which of the following is true of Nina's Place in Burlington,Ontario?

A)It provides care for those who have been assaulted within the past 72 hours.
B)There is a small fee to use the services of the facility.
C)Care is provided only for those who have first contacted the police to report a crime.
D)It provides care for women and children only.

Question 31

Approximately what percentage of victims of crime who report to the police will see "their" offender convicted?

A)24%
B)14%
C)10%
D)4%

Question 32

According to the textbook,in what area do Canadian provinces do a good job in providing services to victims of crime?

A)providing shelter or transitional housing
B)health care services
C)emotional and psychological services
D)providing restitution

Question 33

According to the textbook,which is a predominant hypothesis as to why Canadian crime victims report their victimization to police at a lower rate compared to victims in other countries?

A)Canadian victims are too busy.
B)Victim services and compensation are not available or well known to Canadian victims.
C)Canadian victims know they have little hope of getting their stolen goods returned by police.
D)Police are notoriously slow to respond to crimes in Canada.

Question 34

What year did the Canadian government introduce legislation to create the Victim Bill of Rights?

A)1967
B)1976
C)2007
D)2014

Question 35

Which of the following is the most accurate depiction of the office of the federal Ombudsman for Victims when it was established by the Canadian government in 2007?

A)It had a small staff and budget.
B)It had a large staff with a significant budget.
C)It became a model for the rest of the world.
D)It was derided as a useless instrument of the government to protect victim rights.

Question 36

Which of the following government policies best represents the term "the prevention dividend"?

A)greater investments in programs that prevent crime and criminal behaviour
B)a financial dividend provided by governments to people who take measures to avoid being victimized
C)a private sector initiative that helps business avoid victimization
D)funding provided to community groups by provincial governments to establish victim services units

Question 37

According to the textbook,a significant shift is needed in the way Canadian police respond to victims of crime.Which of the following is one of the four steps Canadian police need to do in order to reach international standards,as recommended by Waller (2010)?

A)Improve the proportion of victims reporting to police.
B)Establish victim assistance units.
C)Faster response times for 911 calls.
D)More emphasis on a zero tolerance approach to domestic violence by police.

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a means through which a victim of a crime can seek restitution in Canada?

A)an order of restitution made in a criminal court
B)a civil suit brought against the perpetrator of the crime
C)the wages of a criminal offender are garnished
D)a restorative justice (victim-offender mediation)process

Question 39

Which of the following is the most important contribution that the Stop Now and Plan (SNAP),aimed at helping children and parents regulate youth aggression,can make to reducing crime?

A)It teaches children and youth how to access victim services units.
B)It helps children overcome factors that may put them at risk of future criminal behaviour.
C)It helps reduce the opportunity for a crime to occur in a specific time and place.
D)It teaches children and youth how to avoid being victimized in the future.

Question 40

Which of the following most accurately describes the rights for victims of crime in French courts?

A)They have legal standing in a criminal court and legal standing in civil proceedings.
B)They have legal standing in a criminal court but no legal standing in civil proceedings.
C)They have neither legal standing in a criminal court nor legal standing in civil proceedings.
D)They have legal standing in civil proceedings but no legal standing in a criminal court.

Question 41

Which of the following most closely represents Waller's proposed amendment to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms?

A)having victim rights respected and balanced fairly against the rights of the accused and having them heard through participation and representation equal to that of the accused
B)having victim rights respected and balanced fairly against the rights of the accused/offender and having them heard through participation and representation that supersedes the rights of the accused/offender
C)having victim rights respected and having them balanced fairly against the rights of the accused/offender
D)having victim rights listed and respected

Question 42

The chapter refers to victims of crimes as the orphans of the criminal justice system.

Question 43

Financial loss is the only harm that is considered in relation to the victims of crime.

Question 44

Many criminologists blame political pressure from victims of crime for the increases in incarceration that politicians have implemented.

Question 45

Canada has truly become an international leader in establishing a comprehensive regime of rights for the victims of crime.

Question 46

A victim fine surcharge is a monetary penalty that can be assessed against convicted criminal offenders to help pay for victim services.

Question 47

Most victims of crime will see "their" offender convicted.

Question 48

One of the criticisms of police in Canada is that they do not provide sufficient information to victims of crime on what services are available to them to help deal with the aftermath of a crime.

Question 49

More emphasis on tough penalties for offenders is the best way to reduce the number of victims.

Question 50

The "Magna Carta for victims" refers to a UN resolution on what rights should be accorded to victims of crime.

Question 51

Victimization surveys in Canada are conducted annually.

Question 52

Rape crisis centres were some of the first services established for victims of crimes.

Question 53

According to the textbook,a major reason for the loss of confidence in the police in Canada is the lack of protocols detailing how an officer responding to a 911 call should respond with regards to victims of crime.

Question 54

In general,victims of crime do not have the right to any form of reparations for their losses.

Question 55

According to a 2011 Justice Canada report,the most significant cost to victims is pain and suffering.

Question 56

Most women who are victims of sexual assault or rape report their victimization to the police.

Question 57

In 1967,Alberta became the first province to provide compensation for victims of crime in Canada.

Question 58

One of the criticisms of the federal government in Canada in its approach to crime victims is that it has not established an ombudsman to advocate on behalf of victims.

Question 59

In Canada in recent years,the percentage of victims of crime that have reported their victimization to the police has been dropping.

Question 60

The Canadian Victim Bill of Rights was introduced in 1983 as part of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

Question 61

Identify and describe the origins of victims' rights policies and programs in Canada.

Question 62

Why has there been a decline in the percentage of victims of crime who report their victimization to the police in recent years? Examine this decline in the context of critiques of victims' rights and services in Canada.

Question 63

Victims of crime can incur significant medical costs in Canada because the universal health care system does not cover crime-related injuries.

Question 64

Identify and describe the four steps that Canadian police forces must take to reach international standards in their response to victims of crimes.

Question 65

Explain what a victim fine surcharge is and how it works.

Question 66

Most Canadian police services have established crime victim services units.

Question 67

What is meant by the term "prevention dividend"? Give an example of how such a dividend could be earned.

Question 68

The best way to reduce harm to victims is to prevent victimization in the first place by investing in what we know will reduce crime.

Question 69

In Canada,only a small minority of people victimized by crime utilize victim service facilities.

Question 70

The most universally recognized mental health issue surrounding victimization is post-traumatic stress disorder.

Question 71

One of the four steps Waller recommends for Canadian police forces to reach international standards in their response to victims of crimes is to hold police officers accountable for providing information in a timely manner to victims.

Question 72

Compare and contrast the Canadian Victims Bill of Rights to the American federal Victim Rights Bill.What are some of the critiques of the Canadian version when compared to its American counterpart?

Question 73

Why is the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1985 A/30/44 called the "Magna Carta for Victims"? Discuss how this resolution has influenced the institution of victim's rights in Canada and other countries.

Question 74

What have been some of the criticism of government initiatives to help the victims of crime in Canada?

Question 75

Why does this chapter refer to victims as the "orphans" of the criminal justice system? Explain why shifting the criminal justice system from a focus on the offender towards the needs of victims has been such a slow process.

Question 76

In Canada's criminal and youth courts,victims are sometimes allowed to submit a victim impact statement.

Question 77

Identify and describe the different types of harms and costs incurred by victims of crime.

Question 78

What are some of the criticisms levelled against police forces in Canada when dealing with victims of crime?

Question 79

Describe the key steps a victim must undertake to obtain restitution from an offender.Suggest some difficulties in getting this accomplished in Canada.

Question 80

Identify and describe the different types of services and facilities available to crime victims in Canada.