Deck 38: Human Diseases Caused by Viruses and Prions

Question 1

German measles is caused by the __________ virus.

A)rubella
B)herpes-zoster
C)reovirus
D)coxsackievirus A

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The rash associated with German measles is most likely caused by

A)the virus infecting the cells of the skin.
B)the virus infecting the cells of the dermal layer beneath the skin.
C)an immunological reaction to the virus.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In those cases of pneumonia for which no cause is determined by laboratory findings,__________ pneumonia can be assumed if __________ pneumonia has been ruled out.

A)viral; mycoplasmal
B)bacterial; viral
C)mycoplasmal; viral
D)mycoplasmal; bacterial

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Congenital rubella syndrome usually occurs in the time frame of the

A)first trimester of pregnancy.
B)second trimester of pregnancy.
C)third trimester of pregnancy.
D)entire pregnancy.

Question 5

Acute respiratory viruses cause _________.

A)rhinitis
B)tonsillitis
C)bronchitis
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 6

Antigenic variation occurs almost yearly with the influenza _________ virus.

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 7

Koplik's spots are small red lesions with a white center that form in the mouth and are associated with _________.

A)mumps
B)measles
C)chickenpox
D)flavivirus infection

Question 8

Mumps is caused by a _________.

A)morbillis virus
B)paramyxovirus
C)adenovirus
D)synctial virus

Question 9

Antigenic variation is common in influenza B and C but is rare in influenza
A.

Question 10

Women of childbearing age should be vaccinated against _________.

A)chickenpox
B)German measles
C)shingles
D)influenza A

Question 11

The reactivated form of chickenpox is called _________.

A)rubella
B)adenovirus
C)herpes zoster
D)rubeola

Question 12

With respect to orthomyxoviruses,changes in antigenicity usually occur as a result of

A)antigenic drift.
B)antigenic shift.
C)frameshift mutations.
D)both antigenic drift and antigenic shift.
E)both antigenic drift and frameshift mutations.

Question 13

Diagnosis of West Nile virus infection is through detection of

A)viral growth in cell cultures.
B)a rise in neutralizing antibody in a patient's serum.
C)PCR analysis from saliva samples.
D)culture on artificial media.

Question 14

Which of the following did not play a role in the eradication of smallpox?

A)Ease of diagnosis by readily recognized clinical features
B)No known reservoir outside of human hosts
C)A short period of infectivity
D)The availability of effective antiviral agents that block replication
E)All of these characteristics played a role in the eradication of smallpox

Question 15

Which of the following syndromes may result from infection by an arthropod-borne virus?

A)Fevers of undifferentiated type with or without a rash
B)Encephalitis,often with a high fatality rate
C)Hemorrhagic fevers
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 16

In humans,equine encephalitis can present as a spectrum from fever and headache to ___________ ____________and encephalitis.

Question 17

West Nile virus has been detected in _________ states of the United.States.

A)25
B)50
C)47
D)10

Question 18

Chickenpox is caused by the __________ virus.

A)rubella
B)rubeola
C)coxsackievirus B
D)varicella

Question 19

Which of the following drugs has been shown to reduce the duration and symptoms of influenza?

A)Penicillin
B)AZT
C)Oseltamivir
D)Acyclovir

Question 20

In influenza virus,antigenic shift

A)results from reassortment of genomes when two different strains of flu viruses infect the same cell.
B)results from the accumulation of mutations in HA and NA in a single strain of flu virus.
C)can result in major epidemics or pandemics.
D)results from reassortment of genomes when two different strains of flu viruses infect the same cell and can result in major epidemics or pandemics.

Question 21

Which of the following is not associated with genital herpes?

A)Congenital herpes
B)Cervical cancer
C)Miscarriages
D)Recurring genital lesions

Question 22

Which of the following is known to activate the genital herpes virus?

A)Sunlight
B)Stress
C)Sex hormones
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 23

Which of the following is the typical mode of transmission for hepatitis C?

A)Contaminated blood and blood products
B)Inhalation of droplets
C)Bite from body louse
D)Contaminated shellfish

Question 24

Large-scale screening of blood for the hepatitis B virus uses an assay designed to detect

A)the Delta agent.
B)the Dane particle.
C)viral surface antigens.
D)alanine transaminase.

Question 25

Control measures for hepatitis B include

A)excluding contact with contaminated materials.
B)passive immunotherapy within 7 days of exposure.
C)vaccination of high-risk groups.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 26

The most likely mode of transmission of the common cold is by hand-to-hand contact between a rhinovirus donor and a susceptible recipient.

Question 27

Which of the following drugs is (are)effective against cold sores?

A)Valcyclovir and acyclovir
B)Amantadine
C)AZT and ddC
D)Protease inhibitors such as ritonavir

Question 28

Which of the following can stimulate a reactivation of the virus that causes cold sores?

A)Physical stress (fever,cold winds,trauma,hormonal changes)
B)Emotional stress
C)Ultraviolet light
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 29

The formation of intranuclear inclusion bodies is associated with cytomegalovirus infection.

Question 30

Colds are common because

A)domestic animals serve as a persistent reservoir.
B)immunity once obtained is not protective.
C)there is a lack of effective antiviral drugs.
D)of the antigenic diversity of the rhinoviruses and the lack of long-lasting immunity.

Question 31

Which of the following does not transmit the AIDS virus?

A)Semen
B)Blood
C)Vaginal secretions
D)Mosquitoes

Question 32

Coinfection with HIV and Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8)can greatly promote the development of cancer in AIDS patients.

Question 33

The leading reason for liver transplantation in the United States is _________.

A)hepatitis C
B)hepatitis B
C)hepatitis A
D)hepatitis D

Question 34

Hepatitis can be caused by cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus as well as by the hepatitis viruses.

Question 35

Plantar warts represent a sexually transmitted disease.

Question 36

Antiviral drugs are frequently used for the treatment of infectious mononucleosis.

Question 37

Acyclovir is the drug used to treat genital herpes; it

A)cures the disease.
B)reduces the healing time.
C)lyses the virus.
D)All of the choices are correct..

Question 38

Warts or verrucae are caused by the papillomaviruses.

Question 39

The Epstein-Barr virus is the etiologic agent of infectious mononucleosis.

Question 40

Which of the following is correct about the protease inhibitor drugs designed to treat HIV infection?

A)They slow the progress of the disease
B)They cure the disease
C)They prevent entry of the virus into cells
D)They result in lysis of virus particles

Question 41

Cold sores or fever blisters are caused by the ________ ________ virus.

Question 42

One hundred fifty one deaths have been attributed to vCJD in the United.States.

Question 43

Which of the following is a disease of humans that is probably caused by a prion and was originally associated with cannibalism?

A)Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease
B)Creutzfeld-Jakob disease
C)Kuru
D)Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker and Creutzfeld-Jakob diseases
E)Both Creutzfeld-Jakob disease and kuru

Question 44

Prevention and control of rabies includes

A)pre-exposure vaccination of dogs and cats.
B)post-exposure vaccination of humans.
C)pre-exposure vaccination of humans at high risk.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 45

Consider the possibility of a mutation occurring in a strain of avian influenza virus which enables the bird-specific strain to readily infect humans.Such a mutation would most likely result in changes within the _________.

A)viral capsid
B)RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
C)HA protein
D)nucleoprotein (NP)

Question 46

A traveler returning to the United.States from India reported having a fever and severe joint pain.She mentioned that the mosquitoes had been particularly troublesome during her trip,and that she had taken the appropriate prophylactic anti-malarial medications.What is a likely cause of her illness?

A)Malaria
B)Yellow fever
C)Lyme disease
D)West Nile virus
E)Chickungunya fever

Question 47

Infectious hepatitis (hepatitis A)is usually transmitted by

A)fecal-oral contamination of food or drink.
B)sexual activity.
C)contaminated blood.
D)inhalation of droplets.

Question 48

Most drugs used to slow the progress of AIDS fall into which of the following categories?

A)Reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors
B)Topoisomerase inhibitors
C)RNA polymerase II inhibitors
D)Protein synthesis inhibitors

Question 49

A major cause of blindness in the United States that results from the HSV 1 virus is ___________ ___________.

Question 50

Negri bodies are produced within _______________ of rabies-infected humans.

A)skeletal muscle
B)connective tissue
C)brain neurons
D)the skin

Question 51

Acute viral gastroenteritis is the leading cause of death in

A)children worldwide.
B)children in the United.States.
C)children in developing countries.
D)children in day care centers.

Question 52

The Ebola virus causes _________.

A)encephalitis
B)pulmonary syndrome
C)hemorrhagic fever
D)lassa fever

Question 53

The AIDS virus becomes established in cells bearing the __________ receptor.

Question 54

What critical role is often played by pigs in the epidemiology of influenza virus?

A)Pigs are the reservoir for influenza virus and most humans become infected by contact with respiratory secretions of pigs.
B)Pigs are the reservoir for influenza viruses and disease can be transmitted to humans by consuming undercooked pork.
C)Pigs can become infected simultaneously with both human,avian,and swine varieties of influenza viruses,providing an opportunity for genetic recombination resulting in antigenic drift.
D)Pigs harbor influenza viruses that are much more virulent than avian strains and human strains.

Question 55

Who should be vaccinated against rabies?

A)Nurses
B)Farmers
C)Veterinarians
D)Physicians

Question 56

The rabies virus is transmitted to humans by

A)the bite of an infected animal.
B)aerosols of the virus that can be present in caves where bats roost.
C)contamination of scratches with saliva from an infected animal.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 57

A type of cancer associated with AIDS is __________ sarcoma.

Question 58

The main route of transmission of the poliovirus is _________.

A)body contact
B)fomites
C)food and water
D)respiratory secretions

Question 59

Acute viral gastroenteritis can be caused by the

A)norovirus and the rotavirus group.
B)cytomegalovirus and hepatitis
C)the Delta agent.
D)varicella zoster virus and rubeola virus.

Question 60

Iatrogenic CJD has been transmitted by all of the following EXCEPT

A)human growth hormone.
B)corneal grafts.
C)liver transplants.
D)grafts of dura mater.

Question 61

A researcher is attempting to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic human infection with West Nile virus in New York City.Which of the following would be most useful?

A)Tissue culture
B)Electron microscopy
C)Detection of IgG against WNV
D)Detection of IgM against WNV
E)Viral culture in embryonated eggs

Question 62

What is the most likely reason that bats,raccoons,and foxes readily become infected with the rabies virus,whereas opossums are resistant to infection?

A)The rabies virus is unable to replicate once it has entered the opossum cells.
B)Infected opossums do not shed rabies virus in their saliva.
C)Opossums lack the appropriate receptor for the rabies virus.
D)Opossums rarely contact other infected animals.

Question 63

Which of the following is the most notable symptom of infection with Norovirus?

A)Vomiting
B)Headache
C)Fever
D)Constipation
E)Skin rash

Question 64

Arthropod-borne encephalitis would show less seasonality in a tropical or subtropical climate than what is seen in a temperate climate.

Question 65

Most cases of viral gastroenteritis are accompanied by high fevers.

Question 66

Which of the following is the most common outcome of infection with polio virus?

A)Paralysis of the lower extremities
B)Paralysis involving the muscles that enable respiration
C)Severe gastrointestinal disease with vomiting and diarrhea
D)Mild infection with fever,headache,sore throat,or asymptomatic

Question 67

What is the most likely reason why Reston ebolavirus does not cause human disease?

A)The human body temperature prohibits viral replication.
B)Human tissues lack the appropriate receptors for this viral strain.
C)Humans have antibodies that prevent establishment of infection with this viral strain.
D)Human interferons prevent the establishment of infection with this viral.