Deck 35: Plant Growth and Reproduction

Question 1

The flower is an organ found on the ________ of a flowering plant.

A) cotyledon
B) gametophyte
C) sporophyte
D) cambium

Answer 1

C

Question 2

At what point in the plant life cycle does cell division convert diploid cells into haploid cells?

A) when the gametophyte produces gametes
B) when the sporophyte produces spores
C) when the egg and sperm fuse to form a zygote
D) when the germinating spore grows to become the gametophyte

Answer 2

B

Question 3

If you were to drive a nail into the trunk of a tree and come back 10 years later,where would you find the nail?

A) Higher than where you drove it in because,as the trunk lengthens,the nail will move upward.
B) At the same height that you originally placed it because trees grow in length only at their tips.
C) Lower than where you drove it in because plants grow down from their shoot apical meristems,continuously pushing the trunk underground.
D) In the branches because the dermal tissues move up the trunk,whereas the ground tissues move down as a result of growth.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Because its cells are diploid,the ovule is considered to be a part of the

A) gametophyte.
B) carpal.
C) embryo sac.
D) sporophyte.

Question 5

Which of the following would NOT be derived from vascular cambium?

A) bark
B) xylem
C) meristem cells
D) phloem

Question 6

At the tip of a filament within a flower you would find a(n)

A) petal.
B) anther.
C) carpel.
D) ovary.

Question 7

Plant growth is indeterminate and animal growth is determinant.Why is indeterminate growth more beneficial to plants than to animals?

A) Plants are stationary in their habitats,whereas animals can move;indeterminate growth allows a plant to respond to varying environmental conditions.
B) Plants are commonly eaten by animals,whereas animals are rarely eaten by plants.
C) Indeterminate growth allows plants to become larger than animals.
D) Indeterminate growth allows plants to avoid reproducing when environmental conditions are unfavorable.

Question 8

Which of the layers shown in the diagram below of a tree trunk were most recently produced by the vascular cambium?

A) A and B
B) A and C
C) B and C
D) C and D

Question 9

Pollen is produced in the

A) ovules.
B) anthers.
C) style.
D) stigma.

Question 10

Growth of the cells of the lateral meristem is responsible for increasing the

A) number of lateral roots.
B) number of formant buds.
C) thickness of the stem.
D) length of the stem.

Question 11

The outer bark on trees often appears cracked and uneven because

A) different regions of the bark grow at different rates.
B) the cork cambium reabsorbs some of the bark.
C) increases in stem length stretch the bark.
D) increases in stem thickness stretch the bark.

Question 12

Which of the following would be haploid?

A) pollen
B) guard cells
C) root hairs
D) parenchyma cells

Question 13

Plants grow in length

A) from lateral meristems located within the stem.
B) due to the elongation of cells throughout the body of the plant.
C) from vascular cambium located just under the bark.
D) only at the tips of the roots and the shoots where apical meristems are located.

Question 14

The growth of cells within the cork cambium results in the production of

A) heartwood.
B) bark.
C) secondary phloem.
D) sapwood.

Question 15

After plant gametes fuse,they undergo mitosis to produce the

A) spore.
B) sporophyte.
C) gametophyte.
D) flower.

Question 16

Imagine driving a nail into a tree trunk.Which of the following tissues would the nail point first contact?

A) heartwood
B) cork cambium
C) vascular cambium
D) sapwood

Question 17

Plants exhibit indeterminate growth.This means that

A) they are perennials.
B) they may complete their life cycles in 1,2,or 3 years.
C) the length of time it takes to grow to reach maturity is variable.
D) the final form of the plant is not entirely predictable.

Question 18

Groups of perpetually young,undifferentiated cells from which new cells arise are called

A) seeds.
B) meristems.
C) root caps.
D) phloem.

Question 19

Plant growth aboveground can be accomplished by adding new ________ units.

A) leaf
B) bud
C) stem
D) bud-stem-leaf

Question 20

In plants,the diploid stage of the life cycle produces ________ by ________.

A) spores;meiosis
B) spores;mitosis
C) gametes;meiosis
D) gametes;mitosis

Question 21

Which of the following components is correctly matched with its location?

A) A carpel is part of a style.
B) A sepal is part of a stamen.
C) A stigma is part of a carpel.
D) An anther is part of a stigma.

Question 22

In what way does endosperm differ from sperm?

A) Endosperm is triploid rather than haploid.
B) Endosperm is the immature sperm prior to its release from the anther.
C) Endosperm develops only in self-pollinating plants.
D) Endosperm is produced by the sporophyte;sperm is produced by the gametophyte.

Question 23

Anthers are typically attached to filaments and elevated within the flower to

A) improve the transfer of pollen to a pollinator.
B) improve the transfer of pollen to the adjacent stigma.
C) prevent pollen from becoming stuck in the nectar.
D) prevent the pollen from being blown away from the flower.

Question 24

Pollen grains develop from

A) haploid male spores.
B) the ovum.
C) haploid sperm.
D) embryo sacs.

Question 25

Why are the structures indicated by the arrows in the diagram below of a seedling somewhat shriveled at this stage in germination?

A) These structures die as a result of exposure to sunlight when the seedling breaks the surface of the ground.
B) These structures formed the protective coat of the seed and are no longer needed.
C) These structures originally held food for the embryo,which is mostly used up by this stage of germination.
D) The cells of the meristem moved out of these structures as the seedling began primary growth.

Question 26

Horticulturists often remove the anthers from flowers.This technique would most likely

A) promote branching.
B) prevent self-fertilization.
C) increase egg production.
D) attract pollinators.

Question 27

Which of the following would be the LEAST likely pollinator?

A) a butterfly
B) a bat
C) a rattlesnake
D) a human

Question 28

In plants,double fertilization means that

A) the zygote has twice the diploid number of chromosomes.
B) two pollen grains are needed to fertilize an egg.
C) one sperm fertilizes two eggs.
D) one sperm fertilizes an egg;another sperm fertilizes another cell in the embryo sac.

Question 29

Which of the labeled structures in the figure below is where the embryo sac would be found?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 30

During pollination,pollen is moved from

A) stigmas to sepals.
B) anthers to stigmas.
C) ovules to anthers.
D) carpels to stamens.

Question 31

What part(s)of the embryo sac shown in the diagram below fuse(s)with sperm from a pollen grain?

A) A
B) A and B
C) A and D
D) D

Question 32

What is the purpose for the endosperm found within a seed?

A) Endosperm is the tissue specialized to form roots.
B) It creates a waterproof covering that permits the seed to become dormant.
C) It is a water-storage tissue.
D) It is used as a food source for the developing embryo.

Question 33

The central cell of the embryo sac contains

A) the egg nucleus.
B) the endosperm.
C) two nuclei.
D) pollen grains.

Question 34

The structure indicated by the arrow in this diagram of a fruit developed from the

A) ovule.
B) ovary.
C) pollen grain.
D) anther.

Question 35

When a plant germinates from a seed it has ________ root apical meristem(s)and ________ shoot apical meristem(s).

A) two;two
B) one;one
C) two;four
D) four;two

Question 36

Flowers,like the ones in the figures below,display spectacular colors,shapes,and odors in combination with food rewards,such as nectar,in order to convince pollinating animals to visit several flowers of the same species to transfer pollen for reproduction.

How might a flower be specialized to attract hummingbird pollinators (above right)and discourage insect pollinators (above left)?

A) have brightly colored petals
B) open only at night
C) hang downward from the branch tips
D) organize its flowers into a flat landing surface

Question 37

The flesh of an apple forms from the

A) stamen.
B) ovule.
C) carpel.
D) ovary.

Question 38

Embryo sacs are found in the

A) stamen.
B) carpel.
C) anther.
D) sepal.

Question 39

If a mutation resulted in the formation of pollen that could NOT form a pollen tube,when the pollen landed on the stigma,

A) sperm could not move from filaments to anthers.
B) the zygote could not leave the embryo sac.
C) sperm would be unable to enter the ovule.
D) anthers could not produce pollen.

Question 40

Which of the following animals would be LEAST likely to disperse seeds?

A) deer
B) mice
C) honeybees
D) humans

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT a plant hormone?

A) abscisic acid
B) gibberellin
C) nicotine
D) ethylene

Question 42

Mature pollen grains contain ________ sperm cells.

Question 43

In order to fertilize an egg,a pollen grain must first arrive at the ________.

Question 44

The structure labeled B in the diagram below of a flower is known as the ________ and produces ________.

Question 45

Double fertilization results in the formation of a(n)________ and a(n)________.

Question 46

Gene-for-gene recognition develops when a plant's resistance gene

A) produces a protein that binds to specific chemicals,like small carbohydrates produced by a pathogen.
B) can bind directly to a complementary gene within the pathogen.
C) mutates in such a way as to alter its distinctive chemistry.
D) is activated by the attachment of a pathogen to the plant's cuticle.

Question 47

Increases in length due to cell divisions at apical meristems are called ________ growth.

Question 48

The typical conifer growth pattern of narrow tops and broad bases is strongly associated with the action of

A) abscisic acid.
B) gibberellin.
C) auxin.
D) ethylene.

Question 49

The figure below illustrates the results of a laboratory experiment that simulates potted irises being exposed to differing lengths of darkness.

How would flowering in these irises be affected by disrupting the length of their light exposure?

A) It would stimulate flowering.
B) It would suppress flowering.
C) It would stimulate branching and increase total flower production.
D) There would be no effect because irises use the length of darkness to coordinate flowering.

Question 50

Aboveground,plants grow by adding new bud-stem-________ units.

Question 51

The line through the center of the diagram below separates the haploid and diploid life stages of the plant life cycle.The part of the cycle that exists below the line consists of plants that are ________.

Question 52

Spores undergo mitosis to form the haploid ________,one of the two stages in the life cycle of plants.

Question 53

The gene-for-gene recognition immune response involves

A) plant alleles that attack matching alleles in pathogens.
B) crossing-over between plant alleles and pathogen alleles.
C) production of antibodies by plants in response to antigens produced by pathogens.
D) production of proteins by plants that protect against pathogens with a particular genetic makeup.

Question 54

How might the observation that the percentage of plant species with red foliage is greatest among high-elevation plants be explained?

A) Atmospheric composition at high elevation reduces the strength of the wavelengths that normally support photosynthesis.
B) High-elevation soils have above-average concentrations of iron,which accumulate to produce iron oxide within the foliage.
C) The red wavelengths exacerbate dehydration at high elevation,so mountain plants reflect it from their surfaces.
D) Red pigments absorb ultraviolet radiation,which is more intense at high elevation.

Question 55

Meristem cells in plants are similar to ________ cells in vertebrates.

Question 56

The growth of a plant zygote into an embryo occurs within the ________.

Question 57

Which of the following does NOT help a plant deter herbivores,insects,or bacteria?

A) antimicrobial chemicals
B) the production of auxin
C) dermal hairs on the stem and leaves
D) gene-for-gene recognition

Question 58

Seed coats develop from the outer portion of the ________.

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT a concern about the assisted migration of trees to Canada?

A) Fungi that are essential to the success of the trees may not be present in their new location.
B) Moving forests northward might speed global climate change.
C) Pollinators for that species of tree may not be able to migrate northward.
D) Species moved by assisted migration may not be able to spread through asexual reproduction.

Question 60

When you prune a rose plant by cutting off the tips of all the branches,the plant becomes more bushy because

A) auxins are then produced by the shoot to promote secondary growth.
B) the auxins normally produced by the shoot tip were inhibiting the growth of lateral buds.
C) pruning would stimulate the production of auxin,which increases apical meristem growth.
D) removing the source of auxin leads to the formation of new lateral buds.

Question 61

In flowering plants,seeds are haploid.

Question 62

Apical dominance develops when the shoot apex produces ________,a hormone that suppresses the outgrowth of lateral buds.

Question 63

Plants produce hormones that regulate growth responses like gravitropism.

Question 64

Some plants can sense the duration of light or dark during a 24-hour period.

Question 65

The plant body is modular,formed by the repeated addition of the same basic units.

Question 66

Sapwood is xylem that is too clogged to transport water.

Question 67

An apical meristem produces lateral roots.

Question 68

In flowering plants,sperm is found within the pollen grains.

Question 69

A plant's physiological response to day length is called ________.

Question 70

Plants that use animals for pollination usually provide a reward.

Question 71

Apical dominance increases farther away from the shoot apex.

Question 72

In flowering plants,sperm form the pollen grain.

Question 73

The energy used by the developing embryo and the seedling before it begins photosynthesis is stored in the ________ and the ________.

Question 74

Endosperm is the origin of the sperm that fertilizes the embryo.

Question 75

Most flowering plants rely on animals rather than wind to transport pollen.

Question 76

The region of the diagram below indicated by the arrow is involved in the production of wood.

Question 77

The structure labeled A in this figure is usually designed to attract pollinators.

Question 78

The practice of moving plants to more northern locations in anticipation of the effects of global climate change is known as ________.

Question 79

The addictive chemical in tobacco called ________ is toxic to herbivores.

Question 80

In the alternation of generations,plants have a diploid life stage that produces haploid spores through the process of mitosis.