Deck 22: Animal Behavior

Question 1

Genetic influences play a larger role in

A) fixed behaviors such as imprinting.
B) learned behaviors such as a dog fetching a stick.
C) fixed behaviors such as nest cleaning in honeybees.
D) learned behaviors such as cats covering their excretions.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following statements about learned behaviors is true?

A) Learned behaviors provide animals with flexible responses.
B) Learned behaviors are not influenced by an organism's surroundings.
C) Learned behaviors are totally under genetic control.
D) Learned behaviors develop only when an animal interacts with another animal.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Male mice "record" the odor of their siblings during the first 3 weeks of life.When these mice reach sexual maturity,they avoid mating with their siblings.This is an example of

A) fixed behavior.
B) imprinting.
C) conditioning.
D) altruism.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Learned behaviors

A) are not beneficial for species survival.
B) cannot be derived from imprinting.
C) can only occur during youth.
D) can be acquired from social situations.

Question 5

Fruit flies are either "rovers" that move rapidly over a surface looking for food or "sitters" that move slowly over a surface.When a rover and a sitter are mated,all of the offspring are rovers.When two of these offspring are mated,75 percent of the offspring are rovers and 25 percent of the offspring are sitters.This suggests that

A) fruit flies are very efficient at learning how to forage food from their parents.
B) food-foraging behavior in fruit flies is regulated by a gene.
C) food foraging is an imprinted behavior.
D) food foraging is a form of communication.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about behaviors is true?

A) All fixed behaviors are more useful than learned behaviors.
B) All learned behaviors are more useful than fixed behaviors.
C) Learned behaviors occur only in humans.
D) Many animals use both fixed and learned behaviors.

Question 7

If both identical twins who were raised apart exhibit the same behavior,

A) it is most likely due to environmental influences.
B) the behavior is most likely a learned behavior.
C) the behavior is altruistic.
D) it is most likely due to genetic influences.

Question 8

Examine the following graph.

According to this graph,a gosling is most likely to ________ about 15 hours after hatching.

A) develop a sense of who its parent is
B) learn a new mating call
C) react to a releaser
D) exhibit the grasp reflex

Question 9

Which sorts of behaviors,if any,offer an organism the best chance of survival?

A) only fixed behaviors
B) only learned behaviors
C) both fixed and learned behaviors
D) Behavior has no effect on an organism's ability to survive.

Question 10

When you see a speed limit sign,you control your speed according to the "rule." This is an example of

A) fixed behavior.
B) genetically controlled behavior.
C) behavior affected by hormones.
D) learned behavior.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about behavior is FALSE?

A) It allows organisms to respond quickly to their changing environments.
B) It allows organisms to respond without using either their senses or motion.
C) It allows organisms to respond flexibly to their changing environments.
D) It allows organisms to coordinate their own activities with those of other organisms.

Question 12

When a dog sits in response to a command from a human,the dog is exhibiting a(n)

A) genetic behavior.
B) fixed behavior.
C) learned behavior.
D) orientation behavior.

Question 13

In a laboratory,a mouse runs a maze faster on the third try and even faster on the fifth try.Which of the following best describes what has taken place?

A) The mouse has doubly imprinted the maze.
B) The mouse has first learned the maze and then established its pattern in a fixed behavior.
C) The mouse has learned more about the maze on each trial.
D) The mouse learned the maze on the first three tries and then imprinted what it learned on the fourth try.

Question 14

Which of the following does NOT describe a learned behavior?

A) a laboratory monkey lifting blocks to find the piece of food hidden under one
B) sea turtles moving toward the ocean immediately after hatching
C) a cat coming to be fed after hearing the sound of a can opener
D) a child having a tantrum in order to get a demand granted by a parent

Question 15

Female frogs deposit their eggs in water and then often leave the area,saving energy by not having to raise their young.On the basis of this information,should you expect the species-specific frog calls to be a learned or a fixed behavior?

A) They are learned because the young frogs can learn calls from each other.
B) They are learned because all frog calls must be learned from adults of the species.
C) They are fixed because all vocalizations are behaviors that animals are born with.
D) They are fixed because the young frogs are not raised by adults that teach the young their specific call.

Question 16

Newborn sharks are drawn to blood in the water because they have

A) learned that blood in the water means that food is located nearby.
B) a fixed response to chemicals in blood.
C) imprinted that blood in the water means that food is located nearby.
D) a social response to blood in the water.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about fixed behaviors is true?

A) A given stimulus can have a variety of responses.
B) A given stimulus leads predictably to a specific response.
C) No stimuli will be responded to at all.
D) Fixed behaviors are not influenced by genes.

Question 18

The suckling motion of a newborn is an example of

A) fixed behavior.
B) learned behavior.
C) communication.
D) social behavior.

Question 19

Some organisms do not actively raise their young.Other animals have a period during which the young are part of a family unit.Which of the following is the best description of the results of these two styles of behavior?

A) The absence or presence of parents has no effect on the type of behavior exhibited by their young.
B) The organisms that are part of a family unit will exhibit fewer behaviors than those that are not raised by parents.
C) The organisms that are not raised by their parents will rely more heavily on fixed behaviors when young.
D) The organisms that are not raised by their parents will rely more heavily on learned behaviors when young.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about fixed behaviors is FALSE?

A) The behavior occurs in all situations and conditions.
B) The behavior allows an appropriate response even when the organism has not had a chance to learn by experience.
C) A releaser is a stimulus that triggers a fixed behavior.
D) The occurrence of the behavior may be influenced by the organism's environment.

Question 21

A rat that realizes a lever must be pushed in order to obtain food pellets is an example of

A) imprinting.
B) innate behavior.
C) conditioning.
D) altruism.

Question 22

Which of the following does NOT reflect a biological benefit of animal communication?

A) to learn fixed behaviors
B) to avoid conflict
C) to identify themselves
D) to identify potential mates

Question 23

Which of the following statements about group living is FALSE?

A) By working together,members of a group can use foods that are not available to individuals.
B) Organisms that live in groups are less likely to be altruistic than organisms that live as individuals.
C) Groups can stir up prey more effectively than individuals can.
D) Organisms that live in groups have an advantage when it comes to avoiding predators.

Question 24

A dog urinating on a nearby shrub is most likely

A) simply finding a spot to excrete urine.
B) releasing pheromones in the urine to mark territory.
C) releasing urine to discourage a potential mate.
D) female and not ovulating.

Question 25

Which of the following examples does NOT illustrate an advantage gained by communication?

A) Animals can resolve territory conflicts without physically fighting.
B) Bees are able to tell their nest mates where to find a good food source.
C) Young deer hide well from predators because the spots on their fur coat blend into the environment.
D) Wolves are able to coordinate their activities during a hunt.

Question 26

In the waggle dance of honeybees,the number of "waggles" indicates

A) the richness of the food source.
B) the distance to the food source.
C) the direction to the food source.
D) that predators are near.

Question 27

A SWAT team and hostage negotiators working together is an example of

A) altruistic behavior.
B) learned behavior.
C) fixed behavior.
D) imprinted behavior.

Question 28

A disadvantage of living in groups would be

A) care of offspring.
B) spread of disease.
C) safety from predators.
D) finding a mate.

Question 29

Which of the following statements about genetically controlled behaviors is true?

A) Identical twins are more likely to express the same behavior than other sets of siblings are.
B) Identical twins will always express the same behavior.
C) The environment has no effect on the expression of behavior.
D) Genetics has no effect on the expression of behavior.

Question 30

A type of learned behavior in which animals learn to filter out uninformative stimuli is called

A) habituation.
B) conditioning.
C) altruism.
D) imprinting.

Question 31

A honeybee gives up its life when it stings to protect the hive.This is an example of

A) fixed behavior.
B) imprinting.
C) altruistic behavior.
D) learned behavior.

Question 32

An advertisement that uses images of pizza takes advantage of ________ that plays a large role in purchasing decisions.

A) a fixed behavior
B) a learned response
C) the imprinting
D) the sensation of hunger,rather than a learned behavior

Question 33

Animals who live in groups will most likely

A) use limited resources in a more efficient manner.
B) involve mothers hoarding food from the offspring.
C) involve males caring for the offspring of other males.
D) be defenseless against predators.

Question 34

In the waggle dance of the honeybee,the angle of the "waggle" relative to up and down indicates the

A) direction to the food source.
B) richness of the food source.
C) type of food at the source.
D) distance to the food source.

Question 35

If an animal accidentally steps on a mound of fire ants,it will have hundreds of stinging ants crawling far up its leg almost instantaneously.The ant colony's quick response is most likely due to pheromones from

A) disturbed ants initiating learned group behavior.
B) the animal initiating imprinted "quick response" ant behavior.
C) disturbed ants initiating fixed behavior.
D) both the animal and ants initiating fixed behavior.

Question 36

Which of the following choices is NOT a method of communication?

A) human language
B) learning
C) visual signals
D) scent marking

Question 37

A soldier termite defends its colony against a predator and dies in the effort.It has NOT exhibited

A) fixed behavior.
B) social behavior.
C) altruistic behavior.
D) learned behavior.

Question 38

When you type an e-mail address,you are engaging in a(n)

A) fixed behavior.
B) reflex behavior.
C) learned behavior.
D) imprinted behavior

Question 39

Male cowbirds having the ability to sing a courtship song despite not hearing it previously from his father is an example of

A) conditioning.
B) a fixed behavior.
C) a learned behavior.
D) imprinting.

Question 40

When someone has learned a poem by heart

A) a learning behavior has become a fixed behavior.
B) the poem has become a releaser.
C) communication has been part of a learning behavior.
D) the poem has become both fixed and habituated.

Question 41

The movement of the bees in the following image represents

A) communication in the form of a "waggle" dance regarding food sources.
B) a sense of panic communicated by the queen bee.
C) the organizing of honey clusters in the hive.
D) a learned behavior illustrating altruism.

Question 42

Lending a friend money when you do not have much money to spare is being ________.

Question 43

Herring gull chicks beg for food when they see a red dot,whether it is on their parent's beak or on an odd-shaped model.This begging is an example of a(n)________ behavior.

Question 44

The consumption of alcohol both alters our behavior and ________ our ability to regulate behavior.

Question 45

When researching the genetic components of behavior,scientists conclude that

A) behaviors are completely under genetic control.
B) human behaviors have very little correlation to behaviors of other animals.
C) genetics play only a small role in most behaviors.
D) behaviors typically involve more than one gene.

Question 46

Past experiences help to form ________ behaviors.

Question 47

Behavioral interactions among members of a group is known as ________ behavior.

Question 48

A predictable,well-defined response due to a first encounter with a stimulus is known as a ________ behavior.

Question 49

Many of the common traits found in domestic animals are likely due to

A) delays in development.
B) smaller brains compared to their wild counterparts.
C) a reduced amount of serotonin produced by the brain.
D) an excessive amount of adrenaline produced by the kidneys.

Question 50

Animals exhibit more behaviors than the organisms in other kingdoms because they have a more complex ________ system.

Question 51

If you decided to take this course based on talking to other people,you were

A) taking advantage of social behavior.
B) imprinting based on communication.
C) responding to fixed behavior of others.
D) being altruistic.

Question 52

An organism that exhibits ________ behavior helps other members of the group survive or reproduce while decreasing its own chances of doing so.

Question 53

Male red-breasted robins defend their territories against other males by physically attacking them.The fact that a male robin will attack a clump of red feathers within its territory suggests that red feathers are a(n)________ that stimulates a fixed behavior.

Question 54

The release of chemicals called ________ by one individual helps other individuals identify and locate that individual.

Question 55

For a gosling,________ means forming an image of who is a parent early in life.

Question 56

A(n)________ is an action made by one organism in response to other organisms or to the physical environment.

Question 57

Behaviors can evolve because behaviors are influenced by ________.

Question 58

Which of the following statements about organisms that live in groups is true?

A) Organisms that live in groups are the only organisms that communicate.
B) Organisms that live in groups do not have fixed behaviors.
C) Living in groups sometimes gives organisms access to scarce resources.
D) Living in groups makes organisms less likely to cooperate in gathering resources.

Question 59

Nuptial gifts are

A) forms of communication used to end a sexual relationship.
B) forms of communication used to interest a potential sexual partner.
C) are seldom used because they are not usually effective.
D) are examples of altruistic behaviors.

Question 60

________ is the production of signals by one organism that stimulate a response in another organism.

Question 61

Because a frog has a more complex nervous system than a slug,the behaviors of a frog should be more complex than those of a slug.

Question 62

Fixed behaviors evolve when the survival risks of exhibiting a wrong behavior are great.

Question 63

The entire genetic information of an individual is known as a(n)________.

Question 64

In the mating system of ________,one male and one female mate exclusively.

Question 65

Animals that live in groups do not have fixed behaviors.

Question 66

In a polygamous mating system,a male mates with a group of females called a ________.

Question 67

Fixed behaviors are learned.

Question 68

Reading this question involves communication only at the level of fixed behaviors.

Question 69

________ is a highly advanced form of communication found in humans.

Question 70

The data in the following graph demonstrate that genetics rather than environment determines whether people exhibit alcoholism.

Question 71

The following image illustrates both communication and altruism.

Question 72

Fixed behaviors allow a more flexible response to a given situation than learned behaviors do.

Question 73

Genes can influence the ability of an organism to learn.

Question 74

Genetics plays a role in learned behaviors.

Question 75

Group living can have disadvantages such as limited resources and spread of disease.

Question 76

Imprinted behaviors are fixed behaviors.

Question 77

For some species,aiding in the rearing of siblings in a group rather than reproducing on one's own is the best way to ensure that an individual's genes are passed on to the next generation.

Question 78

A worker ant that defends the colony and gives up the ability to reproduce is exhibiting an orientation behavior.

Question 79

Based on the data presented in the following graph,begging in response to a red dot is a learned behavior.

Question 80

Group living can promote valuable teaching opportunities to other members of the group.