Deck 33: The Great War: The World in Upheaval

Question 1

In 1914,England's share of the world's industrial output stood at

A) 3 percent,tied for tenth in the world.
B) 9 percent,having dropped behind that of the United States and Germany.
C) 14 percent,roughly the same as Germany's.
D) 32 percent,the world's largest.
E) 62 percent,twice as large as that of the nearest competitor.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The first total war in world history was

A) the Crimean War.
B) the American Civil War.
C) World War II.
D) the Franco-Prussian War.
E) World War I.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The Somme was

A) the battle in 1914 that halted the German Schlieffen plan.
B) a huge German offensive against the French lines in 1916.
C) a disastrous Italian defeat that destroyed any hope for an Italian invasion of Austria.
D) the first great American victory of the war.
E) an English assault in 1916 that gained a few thousand yards.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

In World War I,the eastern front was

A) characterized by more fluid battle lines than the western front.
B) a bloody stalemate.
C) an Austrian victory in which Austria displaced Germany as the leading Central Power.
D) a hard-fought,albeit slow,English and French victory.
E) dominated by the Ottoman Turks.

Question 5

The term for the idea that people with the same ethnic origins,language,and political ideals had the right to form sovereign states was

A) Utopian socialism.
B) positive nationalism.
C) democratic republicanism.
D) Fabianism.
E) self-determination.

Question 6

Approximately how many combatants died in World War I?

A) one million
B) three million
C) four million
D) nine million
E) fifteen million

Question 7

Pan-Slavism was actively promoted by

A) Germany.
B) the United States.
C) Russia.
D) Austria-Hungary.
E) Italy.

Question 8

What effect did World War I have on the status of women?

A) Working-class women enjoyed the greatest advancement in economic opportunity.
B) The demands of total war actually reduced opportunities for women.
C) All women were able to take advantage of new economic opportunities,which lasted long past the end of the war.
D) The slaughter caused by capitalistic tensions caused 32 percent of women to join socialist or communist parties.
E) Women in many countries received the vote in the years after the war.

Question 9

Which of the following was NOT an important area of competition and conflict between England and Germany in the years leading up to World War I?

A) religious differences
B) the naval race
C) colonial disputes
D) industrial and trade rivalry
E) nationalistic tensions

Question 10

The massive German assault on the western front in 1916 was

A) the Somme.
B) the Marne.
C) Gallipoli.
D) Verdun.
E) Caporetto.

Question 11

The German offensive of 1914 was halted at

A) Gallipoli.
B) the Marne River.
C) Verdun.
D) the Somme.
E) Prussia.

Question 12

Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of the new total war of World War I?

A) the use of propaganda to inspire the participants to even greater sacrifice
B) women taking on traditionally male jobs
C) the extension of laissez-faire capitalism to its greatest extent
D) the recognition of the importance of the home front in the war effort
E) conscription of soldiers

Question 13

The soldiers who marched off in 1914 to fight in World War I were mostly

A) depressed,because they remembered the incredible slaughter of the Franco-Prussian War.
B) mercenary troops.
C) extremely poor farmers that needed income for work as a soldier.
D) depressed because of their religious opposition to the war.
E) enthusiastic young men who expected a quick victory.

Question 14

The members of the Triple Alliance were

A) England,France,and Russia.
B) Germany,Austria-Hungary,and Russia.
C) Russia,Italy,and Germany.
D) Germany,Austria-Hungary,and Italy.
E) England,France,and Italy.

Question 15

At the beginning of the nineteenth century,the nationalistic aspirations of subject minorities was most threatening to a state such as

A) England.
B) Austria-Hungary.
C) Spain.
D) France.
E) Germany.

Question 16

The spark for World War I was provided when Gavrilo Princip assassinated

A) Francis Joseph.
B) Nicholas II.
C) Alexander Kerensky.
D) Francis Ferdinand.
E) Otto von Bismarck.

Question 17

The military plan that called for an invasion of France through Belgium was called

A) Plan XVII.
B) the Bismarck plan.
C) the Schlieffen plan.
D) the Brest-Litovsk Offense.
E) the Belgian insertion plan.

Question 18

The western front in World War I was

A) a German victory,after the French abandoned their English allies.
B) a bloody stalemate.
C) an overwhelming French and English victory.
D) a relatively easy German victory.
E) an Italian victory that changed the shape of the war.

Question 19

The French were deeply suspicious of German expansion because of

A) Germany's role in the final defeat of Napoleon.
B) the solid total alliance between the British and the Germans.
C) the rise of Adolf Hitler.
D) the inability of the French to forget their humiliating defeat in the Franco-Prussian War.
E) German support for Basque separatists.

Question 20

Which of the following was NOT a common component of the early trench warfare experience in World War I?

A) lice
B) rats
C) rain
D) massive aerial bombing
E) machine guns

Question 21

The Triple Alliance grew out of a close relationship among England,France,and Russia during the latter half of the nineteenth century.

Question 22

The Japanese fought in World War I due to their

A) anger over German atrocities against Chinese civilians.
B) long-standing Franco-Japanese alliance.
C) fear of America entering into China.
D) desire to acquire German colonies in Asia.
E) concern over Austrian colonial aspirations in the Pacific.

Question 23

The last tsar of Russia was

A) Alexander II.
B) Ivan IV.
C) Nicholas II.
D) Ivan III.
E) Alexander III.

Question 24

The main reason for the failure of the provisional government in Russia in 1917 was

A) Lenin's inexperience in actually running a government.
B) the growing rivalry between Stalin and Trotsky.
C) the strain placed on the government by the unpopular alliance with Germany.
D) the public's desire for total victory,which clashed with the government's pacifistic approach.
E) its inability to satisfy popular demands for an end to the war and for land reform.

Question 25

Known as the Bismarck plan,Germany's war plan called for the swift knockout of France followed by defensive action against Russia.

Question 26

The mandate system

A) led to the occupation of Germany after the war.
B) allowed the Germans to repay their reparations to the Allied powers.
C) allowed for the rapid spread of communism.
D) particularly angered the Arab world because it violated promises made by the French and British.
E) was one of Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points.

Question 27

The World War I poet who considered Horace's line "sweet and fitting it is to die for one's country" to be an "old Lie" was

A) Robert Graves.
B) Siegfried Sassoon.
C) Wilfred Owen.
D) Cecil Rhodes.
E) Joseph Caillaux.

Question 28

The machine gun represented one of the most important advances in military technology and compelled military leaders to rethink their battlefield tactics.

Question 29

The Twenty-one Demands were issued

A) by the United States to Japan.
B) by Japan to China.
C) by Austria to Serbia.
D) by England to Germany.
E) by Germany to France.

Question 30

In the wake of World War I,Mustafa Kemal became president of

A) Russia.
B) Egypt.
C) Persia.
D) Syria.
E) Turkey.

Question 31

Which one of the following is NOT an explanation of the expansion of World War I to Asia,Africa,and the Pacific?

A) European nations carried their animosities into their colonies.
B) Japan saw the war as an opportunity to grab German colonies.
C) The German invasion of neutral Belgium was a profound breech of international law.
D) Europeans were forced to recruit soldiers from their colonies because of the demands of the war.
E) The principal actors entered the war for reasons that had nothing to do with the murder of Francis Ferdinand.

Question 32

Which of the following was most indicative of Europe's reduced economic might in the wake of the war?

A) Europe's inability to field a navy
B) Europe's greater reliance on income from its colonies
C) Europe's reversed financial relationship to the U.S.
D) Europe's inability,over the long term,to overcome serious inflation
E) Europe's greater investment in foreign markets

Question 33

The Great War became total,fought between entire societies,not just between armies.

Question 34

The underlying causes of the Great War included intense nationalism,ethnic resentments,pursuit of economic interests,colonial rivalries,and a general struggle over the balance of power in Europe.

Question 35

The March Revolution of 1917

A) swept Lenin into power in Russia and led to the creation of the Soviet Union.
B) resulted in the long-anticipated collapse of the Ottoman empire.
C) forced France out of the war.
D) was an unplanned and incomplete affair.
E) erupted after the assassination of Nicholas II.

Question 36

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

A) was harsh toward the Germans and led to resentment after the war.
B) forged the alliance between England and France that would later be expanded to the Triple Entente.
C) forced the Chinese to give Hong Kong to the British.
D) ended Russia's involvement in World War I.
E) was shaped by American desires.

Question 37

Which of the following was a German African colony conquered by the Allies in the Great War?

A) Togoland
B) South Africa
C) Congo
D) Algeria
E) Nigeria

Question 38

What major power was NOT invited to attend the Paris peace negotiations that led to the Treaty of Versailles?

A) Britain
B) France
C) the United States
D) the Soviet Union
E) Belgium

Question 39

The official factor in the United States' decision to enter World War I was

A) its long-standing friendship with Great Britain.
B) its position as leader of the free world.
C) the U.S. desire to pick up German colonies in the Pacific.
D) age-old antagonism between the United States and the Ottoman Turks.
E) Germany's resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare.

Question 40

Trenches along the western front ran from the English Channel to Switzerland.

Question 41

Discuss the factors that led to the outbreak of World War I.What role did the alliance system play in this process? What role did nationalism and imperialism play in the road to World War I?

Question 42

Examine maps 33.2 and 33.3.What were the major territorial changes mandated by the Paris Peace Conference? Was the new map so unstable that another war was inevitable?

Question 43

Examine the course of World War I in Asia,Africa,and the Pacific.Why did the war spread? How important were these centers of the war? How were these areas influenced by the war?

Question 44

How did the imperialistic rivalries of the European powers contribute to international tensions before World War I? Be specific.

Question 45

During the Great War,the Ottoman government branded Armenians as traitorous internal enemies who threatened the security of the state,and unleashed a murderous campaign against them.

Question 46

Examine the role that the United States played in World War I.Why did the United States enter the war in the first place? How was the United States affected by the war? How did the United States shape the end of the war?

Question 47

The official factor in the United States' decision to enter the war was Germany's resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare in February 1917.

Question 48

What goals and values were expressed in the various nationalistic movements of the early twentieth century? Which ethnic groups in particular asserted the right of self-determination?

Question 49

Imagine that you are a common soldier at a World War I battle such as Verdun or the Somme.What obstacles would you have faced? Why would your offensive assaults not work?

Question 50

The final form of the peace treaty that ended the Great War represented Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points.

Question 51

How does the Wilfred Owen poem (see Textbook: Sources from the Past: Dulce et Decorum Est)reflect the life of the common soldier? How was the life of the common soldier different than in previous wars?

Question 52

Examine the causes of the Russian revolution.How was it tied to World War I? What were Lenin's main ideas? How did he transform Russia and the world?

Question 53

Would the experiences of the soldiers of World War I be representative of all soldiers in all wars? Was there something unique about the experiences of these soldiers? What would their experiences say about warfare in the twentieth century?

Question 54

Examine the concept of "total war." How was World War I different from earlier wars? How important was the home front?

Question 55

What role did women play in World War I? What effect would their contribution to the war effort have on their lives both during and after the war? How does this effect relate to concepts such as total war and the home front?

Question 56

Examine the picture of Lenin on page 797.What were the foundations of his philosophy? Could it be argued that Lenin was a child of World War I?

Question 57

What were the major consequences of World War I? How was the world transformed by this bloody confrontation?

Question 58

The most significant economic loss to Europe following the Great War was the loss of overseas investments and foreign markets.

Question 59

Why did Wilfred Owen call the line from Horace-"Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori" ("Sweet and fitting it is to die for one's country")-an "old Lie"? What does this line say about the role of nationalism in the war and the experience of the common soldier?

Question 60

What were the fundamental mistakes of the negotiators at Paris who drew up the Treaty of Versailles? Were they doomed from the start? Was World War II inevitable?

Question 61

When and why did the United States enter the war? What did this move mean?

Question 62

Summarize the forces set in motion by the assassination of the Archduke Ferdinand in 1914.When and why did the war begin?

Question 63

How did the war transform civilian life? Consider especially the enlarged role of the government.

Question 64

What factors caused the Russian revolutions in March and November of 1917? What changes emerged initially from these revolutions?

Question 65

How did the mandate system work in the Middle East? Who profited most from this system?

Question 66

What was the typical experience of the soldier in World War I? Explain how new technologies changed the experience of war.

Question 67

Why did Japan enter WWI? What did they gain?

Question 68

How did Lenin and the Bolsheviks come to power?

Question 69

What was the intent of the League of Nations? What were the weaknesses of this body?