Deck 10: Employee Separation and Retention

Question 1

Within the progression of job withdrawal, grievances and whistle-blowing are examples of behavior change.

Answer 1

True
Explanation: Dissatisfied workers try to bring about changes in policy or upper-level personnel. Less constructively, employees can initiate change through whistle-blowing (making grievances public by going to the media).

Question 2

Wrongful discharge suits can be filed as a civil rights infringement if the person discharged is a member of a protected group.

Answer 2

True
Explanation: A wrongful discharge suit typically attempts to establish that the discharge either (1)violated an implied contract or covenant (that is, the employer acted unfairly)or (2)violated public policy (that is, the employee was terminated because he or she refused to do something illegal, unethical, or unsafe). Wrongful discharge suits can also be filed as a civil rights infringement if the person discharged is a member of a protected group.

Question 3

People's perceptions have little relationship to their frame of reference.

Answer 3

False
Explanation: In particular, people's perceptions are often strongly influenced by their frame of reference. A frame of reference is a standard point that serves as a comparison for other points and thus provides meaning.

Question 4

Organizational commitment is the degree to which employees identify themselves with their jobs.

Question 5

Outplacement counseling tries to help dismissed employees manage the transition from one job to another.

Question 6

The evidence on the linkage between negative affectivity and job satisfaction suggests the importance of personnel selection as a way of raising overall levels of employee satisfaction.

Question 7

If job conditions cannot be changed, a dissatisfied worker may be able to solve the problem by leaving the job.

Question 8

Whistle-blowers are often dissatisfied individuals who cannot bring about external change and, out of frustration, take their concerns to internal constituencies.

Question 9

Job satisfaction is the key driving force behind all the different forms of job withdrawal.

Question 10

The nature of the task is the most important predictor of job dissatisfaction.

Question 11

Generally, the first stage of an alternative dispute resolution system is peer review.

Question 12

Workplace violence has become a major organizational problem, with workplace homicides being the fastest-growing form of murder in the United States.

Question 13

The theory of progression of withdrawal states that dissatisfied individuals spontaneously enact a set of behaviors all at once to avoid their work situation.

Question 14

There is a general consensus that withdrawal behaviors are clearly unrelated to one another.

Question 15

Due to negative affectivity, if job satisfaction remains relatively stable across time and jobs, transient changes in job satisfaction will be difficult to sustain in the individuals.

Question 16

Negative affectivity describes a dispositional dimension that reflects pervasive individual similarities in satisfaction with any and all aspects of life.

Question 17

Given EAPs' limited amount of options and constant nature, we need to occasionally analyze their effectiveness.

Question 18

Many job enrichment programs place a lot of expectations or demands on the employees, and this has been routinely found to increase role conflict and ambiguity.

Question 19

If applicants or job incumbents conclude that their health or lives are at risk because of the job, attracting and retaining workers will be impossible.

Question 20

When a decision to discipline or discharge an employee is explained and implemented in a fashion that is socially sensitive, considerate, and empathetic, it fulfills the principle of outcome fairness.

Question 21

Which act allowed for jury trials and punitive damages in wrongful discharge suits?

A)Civil Rights Act of 1991
B)Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
C)Equal Pay Act of 1963
D)The Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989
E)The Employee Protection Act of 1993

Question 22

_____ justice focuses specifically on the methods used to determine the outcomes received.

A)Outcome
B)Distributive
C)Procedural
D)Interactional
E)Task

Question 23

Consistency, bias suppression, information accuracy, correctability, representativeness, ethicality are the six determinants of:

A)perceptual justice.
B)interactional justice.
C)procedural justice.
D)alternative dispute resolution.
E)task justice.

Question 24

Which of the following suits can be filed as a civil rights infringement if the person discharged is a member of a protected group?

A)Discrimination
B)Rightful discharge
C)Encroachment
D)Unethical practice
E)Wrongful discharge

Question 25

The employment-at-will doctrine:

A)has gotten stronger in recent years.
B)is related to voluntary turnover.
C)is a policy dealing with the termination of employees.
D)is an implied contract for hiring of employees.
E)allows an employee to appeal upon discharge.

Question 26

Which determinant of procedural justice states that procedures are applied by a person who has no vested interest in the outcome and no prior prejudices regarding the individual?

A)Bias suppression
B)Correctability
C)Representativeness
D)Ethicality
E)Consistency

Question 27

Although the rate of inflation is only 2 percent, Kayla receives a 6 percent increase in salary. But she is dissatisfied with her salary increase due to Bob's 9 percent increase. Kayla would contend that there is a lack of:

A)perceptual justice.
B)outcome fairness.
C)procedural justice.
D)interactional justice.
E)task justice.

Question 28

Whereas _____ justice focuses on the ends, _____ justice focuses on means.

A)procedural; interactional
B)outcome; procedural
C)interactional; outcome
D)procedural; task
E)task; outcome

Question 29

A systematic survey program allows a company to check for differences between units and hence benchmark "best practices" that might be generalized across units.

Question 30

A good exit interview sets the stage for boomerangs.

Question 31

Which of the following suits typically attempts to establish that the termination either (a)violated an implied contract or covenant or (b)violated public policy?

A)Discrimination
B)Rightful discharge
C)Encroachment
D)Unethical practice
E)Wrongful discharge

Question 32

Organizations that introduce _____ rating systems where low performers are systematically identified and, where necessary, eliminated from payrolls often experience quick improvement gains in the range of 40 percent.

A)forced distributions
B)paired comparisons
C)critical incident
D)alternation
E)performance-based

Question 33

Job enrichment and job rotation are the major task-based interventions aimed at reducing job dissatisfaction among employees.

Question 34

Turnover initiated by employees, often whom the company would prefer to keep, is called _____ turnover.

A)involuntary
B)external
C)voluntary
D)internal
E)initiated

Question 35

An employee refuses an employer's request to falsify the contents of a report to the EEOC. The employer subsequently discharges the worker for not following orders. In a wrongful discharge suit, the employee would use which of the following exceptions to the employment-at-will doctrine?

A)Implied contract
B)Public policy
C)Implied covenant
D)Promissory estoppels
E)Company ethics

Question 36

A situation where one person is losing his/her job while others are not is conducive to perceptions of _____ on the part of the discharged employee.

A)structural unfairness
B)process unfairness
C)procedural unfairness
D)outcome unfairness
E)task unfairness

Question 37

The two primary sets of people in the organization who affect an individual's job satisfaction are his/her subordinates and co-workers.

Question 38

A company concerned about the level of job dissatisfaction among its workers might try to foster team building, since team building can lead to a more supportive environment which reduces dissatisfaction.

Question 39

Sam Jones was terminated from his job with no explanation or consideration of why he was let go. It is likely that Sam has not experienced:

A)procedural justice.
B)outcome fairness.
C)interactional justice.
D)alternative dispute resolution.
E)reasonal justice.

Question 40

Turnover initiated by the organization, often among people who would prefer to stay, is called _____ turnover.

A)involuntary
B)voluntary
C)external
D)internal
E)initiated

Question 41

Low job involvement and low organizational commitment are:

A)essentially the same thing.
B)forms of psychological disengagement.
C)examples of physical withdrawal that are related to job dissatisfaction.
D)examples of physiological job withdrawal.
E)examples of behavioral changes.

Question 42

An employee who engages in absenteeism or tardiness most represents:

A)behavior change.
B)psychological withdrawal.
C)physical withdrawal.
D)physiological withdrawal.
E)leave-based change.

Question 43

Gabriele, who works at Frasher & Co., was found to be involved in data theft. This is an example of:

A)low organizational commitment.
B)low job involvement.
C)low work commitment.
D)high job involvement.
E)high forgery involvement.

Question 44

Peer review, mediation, and arbitration are stages of:

A)grievance steps.
B)alternative dispute resolution.
C)collective bargaining approaches.
D)negotiation strategies.
E)appealers' procedural system.

Question 45

After giving Mark the news of his termination, Derek & Lo Co. immediately had its security guards whisk him out of the building with his personal items thrown together in a cardboard box. The lack of which determinant of interactional justice is visible?

A)Social sensitivity
B)Explanation
C)Consideration
D)Empathy
E)Ethicality

Question 46

Which of the following corresponds to a response of dissatisfaction when a worker tries to bring about changes in policy or upper-level personnel?

A)Physical job withdrawal
B)Change-based withdrawal
C)Dissatisfaction job withdrawal
D)Psychological job withdrawal
E)Behavior change

Question 47

Job satisfaction may be best defined as:

A)a pleasurable feeling that results from the perception that one's job fulfills or allows the fulfillment of one's important job values.
B)the degree to which an employee identifies with an organization and is willing to put forth effort on its behalf.
C)the performance of one's job duties so as to satisfy the requirements of the job.
D)the degree to which people identify themselves with their jobs or career.
E)the degree to which the various aspects of a person's job satisfies his needs including the pay.

Question 48

Making grievances public by going to the media or government is referred to as _____.

A)public appeal
B)discharge suit
C)public suit
D)whistle-blowing
E)governmental appeal

Question 49

Lately, Laura has been performing low in her job. Although she is physically present at her workplace, her mind is constantly engaged with thoughts of a better job. Which of the following behaviors is Laura experiencing?

A)Physical withdrawal
B)Psychological withdrawal
C)Change behaviors
D)Physiological withdrawal
E)Task-based withdrawal

Question 50

Employer programs that attempt to ameliorate problems encountered by workers who are drug dependent, alcoholic, or psychologically troubled are referred to as _____ programs.

A)employee assistance
B)supervisor assistance
C)health benefits
D)health insurance
E)aided workers'

Question 51

When it comes to complex jobs, there seems to be a _____ relationship between past performance and future turnover.

A)horizontal
B)supplementary
C)diagonal
D)complementary
E)curvilinear

Question 52

Progressive punitive measures and documentation of work rules and job descriptions are the two central components of _____ programs.

A)termination process
B)outcome justice
C)effective discipline
D)procedural justice
E)discharge justice

Question 53

Explanation, consideration, social sensitivity, and empathy are key determinants of:

A)perceptual justice.
B)interactional justice.
C)procedural justice.
D)alternative dispute resolution.
E)task justice.

Question 54

Job withdrawal is:

A)the loss of jobs within an organization due to adverse economic forces.
B)a set of behaviors that dissatisfied individuals enact to avoid the work situation.
C)the retracting of a job offer following the results of the pre-employment physical tests.
D)a change in employee attitude, causing the employee to be less committed to his/her job.
E)a set of actions showcased by the company to discourage its employees from working.

Question 55

As a component of job satisfaction, _____ refers to an employee's view of his present situation relative to another employee's values that affects job satisfaction.

A)perception
B)appreciation
C)contentment
D)appraisal
E)values

Question 56

A person's frame of reference:

A)is not likely to influence a person's perceptions.
B)is a standard point that serves as a comparison for other points and thus provides meaning.
C)usually reflects some unusual experience in the person's past.
D)is a person's basic personality trait that influences how he/she perceives the world.
E)always matches his/her peer's frame of reference.

Question 57

The degree to which an employee identifies with an organization and is willing to put forth effort on its behalf is called _____.

A)job satisfaction.
B)organizational identification.
C)organizational commitment.
D)organizational satisfaction.
E)job involvement.

Question 58

As a component of job satisfaction, _____ can be defined as what a person consciously or unconsciously desires to obtain.

A)perception
B)appreciation
C)contentment
D)appraisal
E)values

Question 59

Alternative dispute resolution is a method of resolving disputes that:

A)involves extensive legislation.
B)does not rely on the legal system.
C)excludes outside parties.
D)does not involve binding arbitration.
E)involves only the appealing party.

Question 60

What type of counseling helps displaced employees manage the transition from one job to another?

A)Outplacement
B)Transition
C)Relocation
D)Displacement
E)Transfer

Question 61

An intervention that explicitly focuses on reducing job dissatisfaction, from impoverished or boring tasks, by adding job complexity is called _____.

A)job enrichment
B)team building
C)prosocial motivation
D)job rotation
E)work complication

Question 62

Which of the following is true about family-friendly policies introduced to help employees manage their multiple roles?

A)The aim of introducing these policies is to hold onto the talent the company already has. Thus, it need not worry about recruiting new talent.
B)A traditional 4-hour work week schedule is one of the policies.
C)These provisions do not attract potential job applicants.
D)Due to flexible work arrangement, employees tend to practice absenteeism.
E)These programs increase employees' organizational commitment.

Question 63

In Kennol & Co., Roger, an upper-level executive, offered a 6 percent salary increase to Pat, a lower-level manager, and expected this to make the manager happy because inflation was only 3 percent. This refers to the _____ frame of reference.

A)manager's
B)top management's
C)performance system's
D)executive's
E)competitor's

Question 64

_____ is a process of systematically moving a single individual from one job to another over the course of time.

A)Job involvement
B)Job transfer
C)Job movement
D)Systemic transfer
E)Job rotation

Question 65

Negative affectivity is related to dissatisfaction caused by:

A)social environment.
B)characteristics of individuals.
C)organizational roles.
D)political environment.
E)company ethics.

Question 66

Which of the following can be a powerful determinant of an organization's culture?

A)Attraction-selection-attrition
B)Desirability-collection-erosion
C)Appeal-recruitment-abrasion
D)Repulsion-assortment-destruction
E)Magnetism-range-obliteration

Question 67

The degree to which people are energized to do their jobs because it helps other people is called _____.

A)job enrichment
B)team building
C)prosocial motivation
D)job rotation
E)work involvement

Question 68

With a few exceptions, the relationship between task complexity and job satisfaction is _____.

A)weak and negative
B)strong and diagonal
C)weak and horizontal
D)positive and curvilinear
E)strong and positive

Question 69

Which of the following is a disadvantage of flexible work policy in an organization?

A)It fails to attract potential job applicants.
B)Reduction in organizational citizenship behaviors.
C)It increases absenteeism.
D)It results in lower levels of employee commitment to the organization.
E)Scheduling work and reporting requirements is not an easy task for the managers.

Question 70

_____ is the degree to which the person is surrounded by other people who are sympathetic and caring.

A)Organization culture
B)Homogeneous environment
C)Attraction
D)Social support
E)Peer network

Question 71

Organizations that foster team building both on and off the job attempt to reduce dissatisfaction through:

A)behavior setting.
B)supportive environment.
C)organizational role.
D)organizational task.
E)non-monetary benefit.

Question 72

Which of the following programs provides increased opportunities for workers to have input into important organizational decisions that involve their work, and have been found to reduce role conflict and ambiguity?

A)Prosocial motivation program
B)Team building program
C)Job enrichment program
D)Job rotation program
E)Work complication program

Question 73

In Hermo & Thermo, Laurel values high pay above all else; Jack values the opportunity to travel; and John values staying within his home geographic region. All employees are able to fulfill their respective values through their jobs. This exemplifies:

A)job withdrawal.
B)job involvement.
C)job satisfaction.
D)social environment.
E)organizational commitment.

Question 74

The most important aspect of work in terms of generating satisfaction is:

A)an employee's salary.
B)the degree to which it is meaningfully related to core values of the worker.
C)the extrinsic rewards associated with the work.
D)a positive work environment.
E)the non-monetary benefits received by the employee.

Question 75

The two primary sets of people in the organization who affect an individual's job satisfaction are:

A)subordinates and supervisors.
B)supervisors and family members.
C)co-workers and subordinates.
D)supervisors and co-workers.
E)subordinates and family members.

Question 76

Which of the following is true about an employee's satisfaction with his supervisors and co-workers?

A)They may share different values.
B)They spend a great deal of time together.
C)The supervisor or co-worker fails to provide social support.
D)Their philosophies differ from each others'.
E)They showcase different attitudes.

Question 77

Which of the following programs makes for a more flexible workforce and increases workers' appreciation of the other tasks that have to be accomplished for the organization to complete its mission?

A)Prosocial motivation program
B)Team building program
C)Job enrichment program
D)Job rotation process
E)Work enhancement program

Question 78

Some organizations are going to great lengths to develop the _____ skills of their managers and other highly experienced employees because of the powerful role played by supervisors and other more experienced workers in terms of supporting the organization's culture.

A)leadership
B)mentoring
C)interpersonal
D)technical
E)managerial

Question 79

An employee derives satisfaction from his pay with regard to his:

A)pay level relative to market wages.
B)intrinsic needs and extrinsic needs.
C)benefits and punishments.
D)pay structure and intrinsic needs.
E)monetary and non-monetary benefits.

Question 80

Research on the impact of negative affectivity on job satisfaction suggests that:

A)HRM can do little to impact overall levels of job satisfaction.
B)personnel selection may be an important way of raising overall levels of job satisfaction.
C)while persons high on negative affectivity focus on the negative aspects of themselves, they do not focus on the negative aspects of others.
D)overall levels of job satisfaction can be changed by changing the physical environment of the workplace.
E)negativity in aged men is a resultant of job dissatisfaction in early years of adulthood.