Deck 16: Evolution and Diversity of Plants

Question 1

Gymnosperms and angiosperms evolved ______ allowing them to live and reproduce in drier habitats than bryophytes and seedless vascular plants.

A)spores
B)seeds,spores,and fronds
C)vascular tissue,spores,and fronds
D)pollen grains and seeds
E)fruit and flowers

Answer 1

D
Explanation: Flowering plants and gymnosperms moved into much drier places than ferns or mosses due to the dispersal and survival properties of pollen and seeds.Please see section 16.1 for more information.

Question 2

With few exceptions,which is not a characteristic of plants?

A)They are multicellular organisms.
B)They are autotrophs.
C)They are eukaryotes.
D)They are heterotrophs.
E)They carry out photosynthesis.

Answer 2

D
Explanation: Plants perform photosynthesis and are autotrophs.Please see section 16.1 for more information.

Question 3

Based on the fossil record,all major groups of angiosperms evolved quickly during the age of the dinosaurs.What might explain the rapid rise and success of the flowering plants?

A)use of the wind to disperse pollen and seeds
B)use of flowers and fruits to protect and disperse both pollen and seeds
C)use of the wind to disperse spores
D)use of water to disperse pollen and seeds
E)All answers are correct.

Answer 3

B
Explanation: Dispersal of young is key for a group of plants to spread widely and compete successfully with other plants.Please see section 16.1 for more information.

Question 4

You are asked to place descriptive labels on a plant model which all students in an introductory laboratory will examine.________ would receive a label saying "transports sugars around the plant."

A)Stomata
B)Roots
C)Phloem
D)Xylem
E)Cuticle

Question 5

You are given a mutant plant with a weeping habitat,its branches drooping down,and analysis of its cell walls show that the weeping is due to a defect in the wall.You would guess that the walls are missing

A)sporophytes.
B)gametophytes.
C)chlorophyll.
D)stomata.
E)lignin.

Question 6

Plants and algae most recently shared a common ancestor 480 million years ago,and plants colonized land shortly after that.Light,water,minerals,and dissolved gases surround the whole body of a submerged green alga,and the buoyancy of water provides physical support.What part did plants evolve to absorb water and minerals on dry land?

A)stomata
B)pollen
C)vascular tissues
D)cuticle
E)lignin

Question 7

What part of plant cells contains chlorophyll a and carries out photosynthesis?

A)mitochondrion
B)chloroplast
C)central vacuole
D)cell membrane
E)Golgi body

Question 8

You are reading about a garden designer who has invented something called the "megagarden space" in which a few specimens are planted in a disturbed area and allowed to make a garden by self-propagation.Why might this designer choose to work with angiosperms rather than gymnosperms?

A)Angiosperms can produce flowers and fruits to aid in seed dispersal.
B)Angiosperms produce pollen and do not require water to reproduce.
C)Angiosperms have alternation of generations.
D)Angiosperms have a vascular system,which allows them to grow taller.
E)Angiosperms can produce spores,which are more stable than seeds from gymnosperms.

Question 9

The two types of vascular tissue in most plants are

A)lignin and xylem.
B)xylem and phloem.
C)lignin and phloem.
D)xylem and stomata.
E)stomata and lignin.

Question 10

In flowering plants,the gametophyte is ______ the sporophyte.

A)larger than
B)the same size as
C)located on a separate plant from
D)much smaller than
E)absent and the entire plant is composed of

Question 11

Plants and algae most recently shared a common ancestor 480 million years ago,and plants colonized land shortly after that.In sexual reproduction,an alga releases gametes into the water and fertilization occurs.What reproductive adaptation did plants evolve on dry land?

A)stomata
B)vascular tissues
C)cuticle
D)pollen
E)lignin

Question 12

______ provide(s)a waxy coating that minimizes water loss from leaves of the plant.

A)Stomata
B)Roots
C)Xylem
D)Phloem
E)Cuticle

Question 13

The parts of the plant that conduct water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves are the

A)xylem.
B)stomata.
C)roots.
D)phloem.
E)cuticlE.

Question 14

What advantage do ferns have over bryophytes?

A)Ferns photosynthesize.
B)Ferns are heterotrophs.
C)Ferns have a vascular system,which allow them to grow taller.
D)Ferns do not require water to reproduce.
E)Ferns have alternation of generations.

Question 15

What advantage do gymnosperms have over ferns?

A)Gymnosperms produce pollen and do not require water to reproduce.
B)Gymnosperms have alternation of generations.
C)Gymnosperms have a vascular system,which allows them to grow taller.
D)Gymnosperms can grow larger gametophytes.
E)Gymnosperms can produce flowers and fruits to aid in seed dispersal.

Question 16

Evidence that algae are the closest relatives to plants is that they both

A)have chloroplasts.
B)contain chlorophyll a.
C)have cellulose-rich cell walls.
D)use starch as a nutrient reserve.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 17

The parts of the plant that absorb water and minerals are the

A)stomatA.
B)roots.
C)flowers.
D)pollen.
E)cuticlE.

Question 18

In plants

A)the diploid zygote develops into the sporophyte.
B)the haploid zygote develops into the sporophyte.
C)the haploid gametophyte develops into the sporophyte.
D)the diploid zygote develops into the gametophyte.
E)the haploid gametophyte produces gametes by meiosis.

Question 19

Plants and algae most recently shared a common ancestor 480 million years ago,and plants colonized land shortly after that.Light,water,minerals,and dissolved gases surround the whole body of a submerged green alga,and the buoyancy of water provides physical support.What part did plants evolve to absorb gases without drying out on dry land?

A)pollen
B)stomata
C)vascular tissues
D)cuticle
E)lignin

Question 20

The parts of the plant that allow for gas exchange are the

A)roots.
B)stomata.
C)xylem.
D)phloem.
E)cuticlE.

Question 21

As in animals,since plants have two haploid gametes fuse during fertilization,you would expect the zygote to be

A)haploid
B)diploid
C)tetraploid
D)no zygote is formed (spores are formed instead).
E)uniploid

Question 22

Gymnosperms are less successful than ferns because ferns make seeds.

Question 23

The term "gymnosperm" literally means

A)"clothed ovule."
B)"naked seed."
C)"naked ovule."
D)"clothed seeD."
E)"clothed sperm."

Question 24

A cotyledon is

A)the first leaf structure to arise in the embryo of an angiosperm.
B)a spore-like structure used for reproduction in plants.
C)the fruit produced by flowers of angiosperms.
D)a tissue fragment of tissue used for reproduction in bryophytes.
E)the zygote formed in ferns from the union of two gametes.

Question 25

Cycads are

A)trees that produce flowers.
B)bryophytes.
C)trees that produce large cones.
D)algae.
E)ferns.

Question 26

In alternation of generations,a diploid sporophyte goes through meiosis to form ____ spores.

A)diploid
B)tetraploid
C)haploid
D)uniploid
E)no spores (this occurs in mitosis,not meiosis).

Question 27

In alternation of generations,a haploid gametophyte goes through mitosis to form a ____ gamete.

A)haploid
B)diploid
C)tetraploid
D)uniploid
E)no gametes are formed (this occurs in meiosis,not mitosis).

Question 28

All land plants have a cuticle.

Question 29

Horsetails and club mosses are seedless vascular plants like ferns.

Question 30

The fruits of plants primarily function in

A)providing food for animals.
B)seed protection.
C)both protecting and dispersing seeds.
D)seed dispersal.
E)both feeding animals and protecting seeds.

Question 31

Flowers and fruits are unique to

A)angiosperms.
B)bryophytes.
C)gymnosperms.
D)conifers.
E)cycads.

Question 32

In the section "Investigating Life: Genetic Messages from Ancient Ecosystems," what was the advantage of looking for DNA samples in permafrost?

A)Most plants and animals evolved in SiberiA.
B)It is easier to take solid core samples.
C)The enzymes that make DNA are still active in the cells.
D)The freezing temperatures preserve the DNA.
E)Areas with permafrost are older than other parts of the world,allowing scientists to collect samples back 1.5 to 2 million years.

Question 33

Which is not a member of the gymnosperms?

A)conifers
B)ferns
C)gnetophytes
D)cycads
E)ginkgos

Question 34

What is the advantage of producing a gymnosperm producing a seed over a fern producing a spore?

A)Seeds are diploid,and can grow directly into a sporophyte.
B)Seeds are haploid,and can grow directly into a sporophyte.
C)Seeds are diploid,and can grow directly into a gametophyte.
D)Seeds are haploid,and can grow directly into a gametophyte.
E)Producing seeds over spores is a disadvantagE.

Question 35

Many fern gametophytes are hermaphrodites,meaning they can produce both sperm and egg.Why is this necessary for a fern,but not for an angiosperm?

A)If one seed colonizes a new habitat,reproduction can occur in later stages.
B)The gametophyte can produce multiple types of spores.
C)The gametophyte can produce multiple types of seeds.
D)If one spore colonizes a new habitat,reproduction can occur in later stages.
E)Angiosperm gametes are diploid.

Question 36

Mosses are an example of which of the following?

A)autotrophs
B)primary consumers
C)detritovores
D)decomposers
E)heterotrophs

Question 37

The two groups of angiosperms are

A)mosses and club mosses.
B)ginkgos and cycads.
C)monocots and eudicots.
D)horsetails and ferns.
E)conifers and gnetophytes.

Question 38

Hornworts are bryophytes.

Question 39

Monocots are bryophytes.

Question 40

The four phyla of the gymnosperms are

A)monocotyledons,dicotyledons,conifers,and cycads.
B)horsetails,true ferns,whisk ferns,and club mosses.
C)conifers,monocotyledons,dicotyledons,and cycads.
D)mosses,liverworts,club mosses,and hornworts.
E)conifers,cycads,ginkgos,and gnetophytes.

Question 41

The structure of the angiosperm that supplies nutrients to the germinating seedling is the

A)endosperm.
B)fruit.
C)seed coat.
D)spore coat.
E)pollen grain.

Question 42

The purpose of fruit is to provide nourishment for the growing plant after the seed germinates.

Question 43

Which effect on other organisms comes from groups other than plants?

A)top of food webs
B)habitat for microscopic and macroscopic organisms
C)fuel source directly as nutrition and indirectly as wood and coal
D)prevent erosion of landscape by rooting into soil and other substrates
E)provide oxygen that forms the ozone layer

Question 44

Which group of plants lack true leaves and roots?

A)liverworts,hornworts,and mosses
B)ferns,club mosses,horsetails,and whisk ferns
C)ginkgo,cycads,conifers,and gnetophytes
D)monocots and eudicots
E)All plants lack true leaves and roots.

Question 45

In the section "Investigating Life: Genetic Messages from Ancient Ecosystems," which of the following groups of animals was most likely to be present given the abundance of herbs and grasses and lack of vertebrate mitochondrial DNA in samples from Siberia 300-400,000 years ago?

A)mammals
B)arthropods (insects)
C)birds
D)amphibians
E)reptiles

Question 46

What is the purpose of flowers?

A)to attract pollinators
B)to support gamete production
C)to capture wind-blown pollen
D)to protect reproductive structures
E)All answers are correct.

Question 47

Which group of plants have phloem and xylem,seeds,flowers,and fruit and in many cases require animals for reproduction?

A)liverworts,hornworts,and mosses
B)ferns,club mosses,horsetails,and whisk ferns
C)ginkgo,cycads,conifers,and gnetophytes
D)monocots and eudicots
E)This is true of all groups of plants.

Question 48

Which group of plants have phloem and xylem but lack seeds,flowers,and fruit?

A)liverworts,hornworts,and mosses
B)ferns,club mosses,horsetails,and whisk ferns
C)ginkgo,cycads,conifers,and gnetophytes
D)monocots and eudicots
E)All plants have phloem and xylem but lack seeds,flowers,and fruit.

Question 49

How have plants transformed the world?

A)Food source for many animals,fungi,and even some prokaryotes and protists
B)Habitat for breeding,rearing young,and escaping predators
C)Photosynthesis provides oxygen for aerobic respiration to make ATP
D)Fibers for clothing and paper
E)All answers are correct.

Question 50

All angiosperms have their pollen and seeds moved by animals.

Question 51

Bryophytes lack vascular tissue and lignin and therefore cannot

A)sexually reproduce.
B)grow tall.
C)asexually reproduce.
D)produce a gametophyte stage.
E)produce a sporophyte stagE.

Question 52

The cones of gymnosperms play the same role as ______ in angiosperms.

A)flowers
B)seeds
C)leaves
D)fruit
E)roots

Question 53

Seedless vascular plants can ______ without water,but cannot ______ without water.

A)reproduce asexually;reproduce sexually
B)reproduce sexually;reproduce asexually
C)grow;reproduce
D)utilize phloem;utilize xylem
E)utilize xylem;utilize phloem