Deck 9: Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Question 1

If you were looking at a set of human chromosomes under the microscope,you would know when you saw the X chromosome in part because it is

A)larger than the Y chromosome.
B)smaller than the Y chromosome.
C)the same size as the Y chromosome.
D)genetically identical to the Y chromosome.
E)larger and genetically identical to the Y chromosomE.

Answer 1

A
Explanation: Y chromosomes are much smaller than X chromosomes,but they do share a small region of homology.Please see section 9.2 for more information.

Question 2

The chromosomal designation for a human female is

A)XYY.
B)XY.
C)YY.
D)XX.
E)No answer is correct.

Answer 2

D
Explanation: Human females,like other female mammals,have two X chromosomes.Please see section 9.2 for more information.

Question 3

Sexual reproduction includes

A)mitosis,gamete formation,and fertilization.
B)mitosis,meiosis,and gamete formation.
C)meiosis,gamete formation,and fertilization.
D)mitosis,fertilization,and meiosis.
E)No answer is correct.

Answer 3

C
Explanation: Meiosis produces gametes,which can then undergo fertilization.Please see section 9.3 for more information.

Question 4

2n is an abbreviation for

A)diploid.
B)gametes.
C)haploid.
D)mitosis.
E)meiosis.

Question 5

A diploid germ cell will produce cells that have reduced the chromosome number by half,generating four haploid nuclei in

A)fertilization.
B)mitosis.
C)meiosis.
D)replication.
E)mutation.

Question 6

Sexual reproduction is important to the survival of a species in a changing environment because

A)sexual reproduction requires less overall energy expenditure than asexual reproduction.
B)sexual reproduction produces genetically different individuals.
C)sexual reproduction requires only one individual.
D)sexual reproduction produces genetically identical individuals.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 7

If human gametes were diploid

A)the products of fertilization would have the same number of chromosomes as their parents.
B)the products of fertilization would have fewer chromosomes than their parents.
C)fertilization could not occur.
D)the products of fertilization would have more chromosomes than their parents.
E)the embryo would be diploid.

Question 8

After the completion of meiosis in humans,a diploid germ cell has produced cells with half the original chromosome number,generating __________ haploid nuclei.

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)23
E)46

Question 9

Meiosis is a process that produces

A)sperm cells.
B)egg cells.
C)gametes.
D)haploid cells.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 10

Diploid means having

A)one complete set of chromosomes.
B)three complete sets of chromosomes.
C)two complete sets of chromosomes.
D)two chromosomes in each somatic cell.
E)two chromosomes in each gametE.

Question 11

Mitotic cell division creates identical copies by replicating a cell's DNA __________ and then dividing ____________.

A)once,twice
B)twice,once
C)twice,twice
D)once,once
E)No answer is correct.

Question 12

Human cells have

A)23 pairs of chromosomes.
B)23 chromosomes.
C)46 pairs of chromosomes.
D)2 pairs of sex chromosomes.
E)1 pair of autosomes.

Question 13

Chromosomes that look alike and carry the same sequence of genes for the same traits are

A)the X and Y chromosome.
B)all the autosomes.
C)homologous chromosomes.
D)found in females only.
E)found in males only.

Question 14

The process that merges the gametes from two parents is

A)fertilization.
B)meiosis.
C)mitosis.
D)mutation.
E)conjugation.

Question 15

The human chromosomes that do not determine an individual's sex are

A)not found in pairs.
B)the "X" and "Y" chromosomes.
C)autosomes.
D)called sex chromosomes.
E)No answer is correct.

Question 16

A zygote is

A)a haploid cell.
B)a gamete.
C)a direct product of meiosis.
D)All answers are correct.
E)a diploid cell.

Question 17

Meiotic cell division replicates a cell's DNA ____________ and then divides ______________.

A)twice,once
B)once,twice
C)twice,twice
D)once,once
E)No answer is correct.

Question 18

1n is an abbreviation for

A)haploid.
B)somatic cells.
C)diploid.
D)mitosis.
E)meiosis.

Question 19

The chromosomal designation for a human male is

A)XX.
B)XO.
C)XY.
D)YY.
E)XXX.

Question 20

If you were looking at diagrams of the human body and were asked to locate the germ cells,you would point to the

A)bone marrow.
B)blood.
C)brain.
D)spleen.
E)testes and ovaries.

Question 21

If a haploid cell goes through meiosis it will generate

A)four haploid cells.
B)No answer is correct.
C)two haploid cells.
D)four diploid cells.
E)two diploid cells.

Question 22

The Y chromosome

A)is larger than the X chromosome.
B)contains more genes than the X chromosome.
C)is the same size as the X chromosome.
D)is smaller than the X chromosome.
E)is genetically identical to the X chromosomE.

Question 23

If a diploid cell goes through meiosis it will generate

A)two haploid cells.
B)four diploid cells.
C)two diploid cells.
D)four haploid cells.
E)This is not possiblE.

Question 24

If you were told that you would get extra credit for finding a model showing chromsomes separating while sister chromatids were still attached,you would look for a model of

A)prophase I.
B)prophase II.
C)anaphase I.
D)metaphase I.
E)anaphase II.

Question 25

Genes A and B are on the same chromosome.If a person has one chromosome with the alleles AB and a second chromosome with the alleles ab,how could they produce a gamete with a chromosome containing the alleles Ab or aB?

A)independent assortment
B)random fertilization
C)mitosis
D)fragmentation of the chromosome
E)crossing over

Question 26

What is an advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?

A)genetic variability during an ecological disaster
B)genetic variability when the environment is stable
C)faster reproduction
D)requirement of less energy
E)simpler form of reproduction

Question 27

Alternate forms of the same gene

A)do not exist.
B)are alleles.
C)are homologs.
D)are sister chromatids.
E)do not occur in the same individual.

Question 28

Sexual reproduction and meiosis generate genetic variety by

A)random fertilization.
B)All answers are correct.
C)independent assortment.
D)crossing over.

Question 29

The process by which homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material

A)is crossing over.
B)is random fertilization.
C)occurs only in bacteria.
D)occurs only in animals.
E)is independent assortment.

Question 30

People who have a single X chromosome are female,while those with XXY sex chromosomes are males.In order to be a female,a human

A)must have two X chromosomes.
B)cannot have a Y chromosome.
C)must have only one X chromosome.
D)must have only one Y chromosome.
E)cannot have an X chromosomE.

Question 31

If a haploid cell goes through mitosis it will generate

A)two haploid cells.
B)two diploid cells.
C)four haploid cells.
D)four diploid cells.
E)No answer is correct.

Question 32

Genes A and B are on the same chromosome.What gametes could an individual with the allele combination AABB produce?

A)AABB
B)A
C)AB
D)B
E)AAB

Question 33

Why is it essential that meiosis produce haploid cells?

A)so that the number of chromosomes will double each generation
B)to produce haploid offspring
C)to prevent the number of chromosomes from doubling each generation
D)to produce diploid gametes
E)to allow asexual reproduction

Question 34

In meiosis,homologous chromosomes align next to one another during

A)interphase I.
B)metaphase II.
C)prophase I.
D)metaphase I.
E)prophase II.

Question 35

Nondisjunction may cause

A)trisomy 21.
B)Turner syndrome.
C)Jacobs syndrome.
D)All answers are correct.
E)Klinefelter syndromE.

Question 36

A gamete having more than one complete set of chromosomes

A)cannot be produced by meiosis.
B)cannot participate in fertilization.
C)is polyploid.
D)will undergo mitosis.
E)is not yet through meiosis.

Question 37

When chromosomes fail to separate at either the first or second meiotic division,this

A)is known as crossing over.
B)results in a sperm or egg cell with an abnormal number of chromosomes.
C)is known as translocation.
D)results in a failure to produce gametes.
E)results in arrest during meiosis.

Question 38

What process creates daughter cells with a mixture of paternal and maternal chromosomes?

A)asexual reproduction
B)semiconservative replication
C)random fertilization
D)independent assortment
E)mutation

Question 39

If a diploid cell goes through mitosis it will generate

A)four haploid cells.
B)two diploid cells.
C)two haploid cells.
D)four diploid cells.
E)This is not possiblE.

Question 40

In meiosis,DNA replicates during

A)prophase I.
B)prophase II.
C)interphase prior to meiosis II.
D)interphase prior to meiosis I.
E)both prophase I and prophase II.

Question 41

Mitosis occurs in germ cells throughout life.

Question 42

Meiosis generates genetic variability by crossing over of homolgous chromosmoes in haploid somatic cells.

Question 43

What two processes results in genetically different products?

A)mitosis and meiosis
B)mitosis and asexual reproduction
C)meiosis and asexual reproduction
D)meiosis and sexual reproduction
E)mitosis and sexual reproduction

Question 44

Fraternal twins (dizygotic)result from the fertilization of

A)two eggs and two sperm.
B)two eggs and one sperm.
C)one egg and two sperm.
D)one egg and one sperm.
E)two eggs and one sperm OR one egg and two sperm.

Question 45

If a chromosome in one of your bone cells becomes mutated,you will not pass this mutation onto your children because

A)somatic cells cannot undergo mitosis.
B)germ cells cannot undergo meiosis.
C)germ cells cannot undergo mitosis.
D)somatic cells cannot undergo meiosis.

Question 46

If a human zygote has either 45 or 47 chromosomes it was caused by random fertilization.

Question 47

For a plant to produce diploid sperm and egg ____ must occur during _____.

A)nondisjunction,mitosis
B)independent assortment,meiosis
C)nondisjunction,meiosis
D)independent assortment,mitosis
E)independent assortment,fertilization

Question 48

Haploid germ cells undergo meiosis,including crossing over,to produce sex cells.

Question 49

Identical twins result from a single fertilization to form a zygote,which then clones itself.

Question 50

What creates genetically different offspring in both asexual and sexual reproduction?

A)mutations
B)mitosis
C)meiosis
D)mutations and mitosis
E)mitosis and meiosis

Question 51

If a diploid sperm fertilizes a diploid egg it will produce a ____ zygote.

A)triploid
B)tetraploid
C)diploid
D)haploid
E)hexaploid

Question 52

Genetic variability will not occur among offspring if crossing over does not occur during prophase I of meiosis.

Question 53

Which of the following will occur in meiosis but not in mitosis?

A)metaphase
B)cytokinesis
C)crossing over
D)DNA replication
E)chromosome condensation

Question 54

Genetic variability will not occur among offspring if independent assortment does not occur during anaphase I of meiosis.

Question 55

Genetic information is passed from one generation to the next through

A)DNA.
B)asexual reproduction.
C)sexual reproduction.
D)gametes.
E)All answers are correct.