Deck 4: The Energy of Life

Question 1

The energy source that powers photosynthesis is

A)water.
B)glucose.
C)carbon dioxide.
D)sunlight.
E)oxygen.

Answer 1

D
Explanation: The name "photosynthesis" literally means "to build up with light." Please see section 4.2 for more information.

Question 2

The chemical formula for glucose is

A)C₆H₆O₆.
B)C₁₂H₆O₁₂.
C)C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁.
D)C₆H₆O₁₂.
E)C₆H₁₂O₆.

Answer 2

E
Explanation: Glucose is a six carbon sugar.Please see section 4.2 for more information.

Question 3

Reduction means

A)the gain of oxygen by a cell.
B)the loss of oxygen from a cell.
C)the gain of electrons by an atom or molecule.
D)the loss of electrons by an atom or molecule.
E)the loss of protons by an atom or moleculE.

Answer 3

C
Explanation: Reduction involves an atom or molecule having greater control of electrons.Please see section 4.2 for more information.

Question 4

If you were looking for a card describing the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water,you would look in a drawer labelled with what information?

A)takes up energy,photosynthesis
B)takes up energy,cellular respiration
C)releases energy,photosynthesis
D)releases energy,cellular respiration
E)No answer is correct

Question 5

Oxidation means

A)the gain of oxygen by a cell.
B)the loss of electrons from an atom or molecule.
C)the loss of oxygen from a cell.
D)the gain of electrons by an atom or molecule.
E)the loss of protons by an atom or moleculE.

Question 6

If you had to grade an exam question about oxidation-reduction reactions,you would give the most points if a student said that they

A)never occur at the same time.
B)remove electrons from both molecules involved.
C)remove protons from one molecule and join them to another molecule.
D)occur simultaneously.
E)remove oxygen from the cell.

Question 7

Enzymes speed chemical reactions by

A)lowering the amount of reactants that are needed.
B)maintaining temperature.
C)lowering the energy required to start a chemical reaction.
D)raising the temperature of the surroundings.
E)supplying energy to the reaction process.

Question 8

Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy of a reaction.This is analogous with

A)reducing the force a ball needs to start rolling down a hill.
B)increasing the height an apple will fall from a tree.
C)blocking a flowing river with a dam to stop the flow.
D)causing a snow storm in the middle of summer when temperatures are hot.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 9

Enzymes

A)slow reactions so they occur correctly.
B)are not necessary to sustain life in a cell.
C)are not found in living organisms.
D)are proteins in most cases.
E)are carbohydrates in most cases.

Question 10

Which statement is least directly connected with the law about energy being preserved?

A)The amount of energy in the universe is constant.
B)Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
C)Energy can be converted to other forms of energy.
D)Any energy transformation loses some energy to its surroundings as heat.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 11

Cells use energy for which of the following?

A)to do work
B)to synthesize proteins
C)to expel waste
D)to move substances across membranes
E)All answers are correct.

Question 12

Examples of potential energy include

A)chemical bonds and concentration gradients.
B)light and chemical bonds.
C)quartz crystals vibrating in a wristwatch.
D)soil heated by sunlight.
E)light and the motion of a musclE.

Question 13

Oxidation-reduction reactions

A)transfer electrons from one molecule to another.
B)are not used by living cells.
C)transfer protons from one molecule to another.
D)reduce the amount of oxygen in the cell.
E)increase the amount of oxygen in the cell.

Question 14

A ball at the top of a hill is an example of ______ and a ball rolling down the hill is an example of ______.

A)potential energy;kinetic energy
B)kinetic energy;potential energy
C)exergonic reaction;endergonic reaction
D)noncompetitive inhibition;competitive inhibition
E)competitive inhibition;noncompetitive inhibition

Question 15

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius is a

A)calorie.
B)joule.
C)kilocalorie.
D)measure of density.
E)measure of light.

Question 16

Coupled reactions involve one reaction that provides energy to the other.

Question 17

The reactants of photosynthesis are

A)water and carbon dioxide.
B)organic compounds.
C)glucose and water.
D)glucose and carbon dioxide.
E)glucose and sunlight.

Question 18

When NaCl (table salt)forms,sodium (Na)loses energy by ______ and chlorine (Cl)gains energy by ______.

A)giving up an electron in oxidation;gaining an electron in reduction
B)going with its concentration gradient;going against its concentration gradient
C)going against its concentration gradient;going with its concentration gradient
D)gaining an electron in oxidation;by giving up an electron in reduction
E)gaining an electron in reduction;giving up an electron in oxidation

Question 19

Entropy is

A)order.
B)complexity.
C)disorder.
D)organizing potential.
E)No answer is correct.

Question 20

In which case is the energy involved farthest from being kinetic energy?

A)heat
B)light
C)sound
D)the energy in chemical bonds
E)random molecular movement

Question 21

Phagocytosis is

A)an example of exocytosis.
B)an example of passive transport.
C)an example of diffusion.
D)an example of endocytosis.
E)an example of facilitated diffusion.

Question 22

Which of the following are examples of kinetic energy?

A)electrons moving through the electron transport chain,protons moving through ATP synthase
B)electrons in chemical bonds,proton gradient,ATP
C)electrons moving through the electron transport chain,proton gradient
D)protons moving through ATP synthase,ATP
E)All answers are correct.

Question 23

Plants require energy from light to perform photosynthesis in which glucose is formed from carbon dioxide and water.This is an example of

A)a reaction that releases energy.
B)kinetic energy.
C)a reaction that takes up energy.
D)potential energy.
E)equilibrium.

Question 24

If a cell contains 95% water in its cytoplasm and the environment surrounding the cell contains 90% water

A)water will flow into the cell by osmosis.
B)water will flow out of the cell by active transport.
C)water will flow out of the cell by osmosis.
D)water will flow into the cell by active transport.
E)water will flow into the cell by facilitated diffusion.

Question 25

Salted and pickled foods can last unrefridgerated for many years because

A)the extreme salt or pH concentration denatures the proteins,including enzymes.
B)the concentration gradient of salt or vinegar causes osmosis into the food.
C)equilibrium with the environment has occured.
D)the concentration gradient of salt or vinegar causes osmosis out of the fooD.
E)the concentration gradient of salt or vinegar causes osmosis out of the food and the extreme salt or pH concentration denatures the proteins,including enzymes.

Question 26

When electrons are removed from a food molecule,the molecule is

A)reduced.
B)in equilibrium.
C)oxidized.
D)polymerizeD.
E)conducting an endergonic reaction.

Question 27

Which of the following are examples of potential energy?

A)electrons moving through the electron transport chain,proton gradient
B)electrons in chemical bonds,proton gradient,ATP
C)protons moving through ATP synthase,ATP
D)electrons moving through the electron transport chain,and protons moving through ATP synthase
E)All answers are correct.

Question 28

Noncompetitive inhibition of enzymes

A)occurs when a substance other than the correct substrate binds at the active site of an enzyme.
B)occurs when a substance binds to an enzyme at a site away from the active site.
C)occurs by denaturation of an enzyme.
D)occurs by blocking the production of an enzyme.
E)occurs when two enzymes bind together.

Question 29

Competitive inhibition of enzymes

A)occurs when a substance other than the correct substrate binds at the active site of an enzyme.
B)occurs when a substance binds to an enzyme at a site away from the active site.
C)occurs by denaturation of an enzyme.
D)occurs by blocking the production of an enzyme.
E)occurs when two enzymes bind together.

Question 30

The vertical drop slightly after the peak of each curve on the figure illustrates

A)that enzymes will not work if temperatures are too hot (or too cold).
B)an increased rate of reaction.
C)a decreased temperature.
D)that temperatures only affect enzymes up to a specific temperature.
E)that enzymes are most efficient at cold temperatures.

Question 31

Which statement about turgor pressure would be marked wrong on an exam?

A)It occurs in an organism with cell walls when placed into a hypertonic environment.
B)It is necessary to keep plants from wilting.
C)It is the force of water against the inside of the cell wall.
D)It is maintained by osmosis.
E)It occurs in an organism with cell walls when placed into a hypotonic environment.

Question 32

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions.

Question 33

The wood in a match is made of cellulose,a polymer of glucose molecules.When you light the match heat and light are given off,indicating that a(n)________ reaction is occurring.

A)endergonic
B)kinetic energy
C)exergonic
D)potential energy
E)equilibrium

Question 34

Simple diffusion

A)requires energy.
B)utilizes proteins to move molecules across a membrane.
C)moves molecules against a concentration gradient.
D)cannot occur without a membrane present.
E)does not require energy.

Question 35

The region of an enzyme that catalyzes reactions is called

A)an active site.
B)a binding pocket.
C)a reaction site.
D)a catalyst site.
E)an analog.

Question 36

Active transport is different from simple diffusion because active transport

A)requires energy.
B)moves molecules against a concentration gradient.
C)requires the use of proteins embedded within the cell membrane.
D)moves molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 37

If you were working with a 3D model of an enzyme,and you had found a part representing a molecule that fits into the active site,you would have found something that is

A)always a protein.
B)an analog.
C)always a carbohydrate.
D)a substrate.
E)always broken down by the enzymE.

Question 38

If you drop a rubber ball and it does not bounce back to the height you dropped it from.This is consistent with

A)conversion of entropy into potential energy.
B)energy being neither created nor destroyed.
C)conversion of kinetic energy into potential energy.
D)conversion of kinetic energy into entropy.
E)the tendency to increase disorder.

Question 39

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is

A)facilitated diffusion.
B)active transport.
C)a rare occurrence.
D)osmosis.
E)always beneficial to a cell.

Question 40

The two data curves on the figure illustrate that

A)temperature ranges are not the same for all enzyme activity.
B)temperature is not related to enzyme efficiency.
C)optimal temperature ranges are not the same for all enzymes.
D)pH is not related to enzyme efficiency.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 41

The chloroplasts in a plant's cells create energy.

Question 42

In the section "Investigating Life: Does Natural Selection Maintain Cystic Fibrosis?," if two carriers of the defective CFTR gene have a child,what is the probability that the child will have cystic fibrosis?

A)75%
B)50%
C)100%
D)0%
E)25%

Question 43

Energy sometimes appears spontaneously in living systems.

Question 44

Studies of fireflies show that as they produce light,they constantly recycle ATP.Why might this be?

A)ATP breakdown releases light.
B)ATP is light-sensitive.
C)ATP powers light production in fireflies.
D)Fireflies need ATP for other processes.
E)No answer is correct.

Question 45

Exergonic reactions do not require activation energy to get started because they release energy.

Question 46

During high tide,a plant or animal would be at risk of

A)bursting by osmosis of water.
B)dehydration by facilitated diffusion of salts.
C)dehydration by osmosis of water.
D)bursting by active transport of salts.
E)dehydration by active transport of salts.

Question 47

Dye placed at one end of a beaker of otherwise pure water will

A)diffuse towards the other side.
B)remain in place.
C)slowly bleach.
D)form crystals.
E)No answer is correct.

Question 48

Potential energy is the energy of motion.

Question 49

A bowl of sugar water is very stable.But if you feed it to cells then it is rapidly broken down into carbon dioxide,water,and ATP.What is the best explanation for this observation?

A)Enzymes in the cell catalyze the breakdown of the glucose.
B)Cells use energy to break down the glucose.
C)Glucose becomes more chemically reactive inside of a cell.
D)Glucose cannot be broken down outside of a cell.
E)Glucose is removed from the cell by active transport.

Question 50

When the concentration gradient driving osmosis becomes larger,osmosis occurs at a faster rate.

Question 51

The CFTR receptor moves chloride ions out of a cell by active transport.This is an example of

A)a reaction coupled with the production of ATP.
B)an oxidation reaction.
C)a reduction reaction.
D)a reaction requiring the input of energy (ATP).
E)equilibrium.

Question 52

Diffusion occurs against concentration gradients.

Question 53

During low tide,a plant cell will have an advantage over an animal cell because of its

A)cell wall.
B)plasma membrane.
C)chloroplasts.
D)nucleus.
E)mitochondria.

Question 54

In the section "Investigating Life: Does Natural Selection Maintain Cystic Fibrosis?," 1 in 25 Caucasians is a carrier for the defective CFTR gene,making it the most common genetic disease in this population.Why are the frequency of defects in CFTR so common in caucasians?

A)Carriers with one copy of the defective CFTR gene have decreased resistance to cholera compared to those with no defective copies.
B)These individuals were exposed to cholera,causing mutations in their CFTR gene that can then be passed on to their children.
C)Carriers will be more likely to have children who develop cystic fibrosis.
D)Carriers with one copy of the defective CFTR gene have increased resistance to cholera compared to those with no defective copies.
E)Only carriers would be able to survive exposure to cholera.

Question 55

After ATP donates a phosphate group to a coupled reaction,then it becomes ADP.The ADP

A)can be recharged with the release of energy to form ATP.
B)is a waste product that will be broken down.
C)can be recharged in an equilibrium reaction to form ATP.
D)can be recharged in an oxidation reaction to form ATP.
E)can be recharged with the uptake of energy to form ATP.

Question 56

Reactions that take up energy proceed spontaneously.

Question 57

By eating a gazelle,a lion gains

A)potential energy.
B)kinetic energy.
C)entropy.
D)respiratory capacity.
E)enzymes for digesting grass.

Question 58

In the section "Investigating Life: Does Natural Selection Maintain Cystic Fibrosis?," why does water leave the cell by osmosis after the active transport of chloride ions out of the cell by CFTR?

A)The cell is now in a hypertonic solution.
B)The cell is now in a hypotonic solution.
C)The cell is now in an isotonic solution.
D)The cell needs to regenerate the ATP used in active transport.
E)The cell must pump out water to avoid bursting.

Question 59

Whenever ATP is produced by a chemical reaction some energy is lost into the surroundings as heat.

Question 60

If you could create and introduce into cells a chemical that would very specifically denature enzymes involved in digesting phenylalanine,why would patients treated with this drug develop phenylketonuria?

A)They lack an enzyme to break down phenylalanine.
B)They lack an enzyme to produce phenylalanine.
C)They produce too much phenylalanine.
D)They lack an inhibitor of an enzyme to break down phenylalanine.
E)They eat more phenylalanine than most peoplE.

Question 61

Oxidation is the loss of electrons.

Question 62

Phagocytosis is a process that cells primarily use to obtain nutrients.

Question 63

The most common way for energy-absorbing reactions to be powered in cells is for them to be coupled with the breakdown of ATP.

Question 64

Reduction is the gain of electrons.

Question 65

A reason that some antibiotics harm bacteria,but not humans,is because the antibiotic inhibits bacterial enzymes that humans do not have.