Deck 42: Plant Reproduction

Question 1

The gynoecium contains a slender style with a pollen-receptive _____________ at its apex.

A)anther
B)stamen
C)filament
D)stigma
E)pistil

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Evolutionarily,floral parts are modified

A)stems.
B)leaves.
C)roots.
D)stolons.
E)buds.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of these characteristics does not promote outcrossing in flowering plants?

A)self-incompatibility
B)dioecism
C)monoecism
D)physical separation of flower parts
E)apomixis

Answer 3

E

Question 4

In the ABC model of floral organ identity genes,different combinations of the three genes specify the following different floral organs.Mutants missing the C gene have flowers with only

A)petals and sepals.
B)stamens and carpels.
C)petals.
D)sepals.
E)stamens,carpels,and petals.

Question 5

In a wind-pollinated flower,which of these flower parts would probably be inconspicuous or missing?

A)receptacle
B)stamens
C)pistils
D)petals
E)stigmas

Question 6

Early seed plants were pollinated by ________,as are present-day conifers.

A)beetles
B)bees
C)butterflies
D)wind
E)water

Question 7

Microspore mother cells produce microspores that develop into

A)egg cells.
B)pollen grains.
C)synergids.
D)endosperm.
E)megaspores.

Question 8

Plants that flower only once before they die,normally after two seasons of growth,are called

A)annuals.
B)biennials.
C)perennials.
D)monocots.
E)dicots.

Question 9

In the ABC model of floral organ identity genes,different combinations of the three genes specify the following different floral organs.Which of the genes influences the other two?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)florigen
E)ethylene

Question 10

Flowering plants use animals or wind to transfer ________ between flowers.

A)spores
B)CO₂
C)ovules
D)seeds
E)pollen

Question 11

Ovules are produced in the ovary that is located in the swollen lower portion of the

A)anther.
B)stamen.
C)filament.
D)stigma.
E)pistil.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about plant tissue culture is false?

A)Callus tissue can form roots and shoots.
B)Individual cells can give rise to whole plants through tissue cultures.
C)Individual protoplasts are isolated from tissues by breaking down the cells walls with enzymes.
D)Virus-free crop species can be propagated by culturing meristems.
E)A callus is a mass of undifferentiated cells.

Question 13

The androecium is considered a specialized organ that bears the

A)microsporangia of angiosperms.
B)megasporangia of angiosperms.
C)sporangia of angiosperms.
D)eggs of angiosperms.
E)flowering hormones of angiosperms.

Question 14

In a long-day plant,interrupting a long night with a flash of light may trigger flowering.Conversely,if a long day is interrupted by short period of darkness,why doesn't a short-day plant flower?

A)Sunlight contains enough far-red light to inhibit the phytochrome induction of flowering.
B)Phytochrome degrades slowly in the dark to the inactive P_R form.A brief dark period during the day is not sufficient to inactivate phytochrome.
C)Phytochrome is only active in the dark.
D)The circadian clock is less active during the day than at night.
E)The cool temperatures at night interact with the phytochrome responsE.

Question 15

Angiosperms use which temporary reproductive structures that are not present in any other group of plants?

A)cones
B)carpels
C)receptacles
D)flowers
E)seeds

Question 16

Which of these common "vegetables" should technically be called a "fruit"?

A)potato
B)carrot
C)lettuce
D)string beans
E)celery

Question 17

Which of these characteristics would most likely discourage self pollination in a flower with both stamens and pistils?

A)many more stamens than pistils
B)long stamens and short pistils
C)long pistils and short stamens
D)pollen released before stigma is receptive (mature)
E)flower is wind pollinated

Question 18

Which of these is not part of a seed?

A)endosperm
B)embryo
C)diploid cells
D)seed coat
E)fruit

Question 19

Plants that produce only ovules or only pollen are called

A)monoecious plants.
B)dioecious plants.
C)hermaphroditic plants.
D)incomplete plants.
E)determinant plants.

Question 20

Which of these statements about florigen is not true?

A)Florigen is triggered by the ratio of auxin to phytochrome.
B)The structure of florigen is unknown.
C)Florigen transferred from a flowering plant to a nonflowering one can trigger flowering.
D)Florigen is produced in leaves,not flowers.
E)The florigen response may involve several chemical messengers.

Question 21

In the ABC model of floral organ identity genes,different combinations of the three genes specify the following different floral organs,except for the

A)petals.
B)stamens.
C)receptacle.
D)sepals.
E)carpels.

Question 22

The fused carpels of a gynoecium are referred to as

A)simple flowers.
B)corollas.
C)complete flowers.
D)compound pistils.
E)compound stamens.

Question 23

The corolla is the collective term for the

A)anthers.
B)carpels.
C)petals.
D)pollen.
E)sepals.

Question 24

The swollen lower portion of the carpels enclose

A)pollen.
B)ovules.
C)petals.
D)sepals.
E)stamens.

Question 25

Internal developmental changes allow plants to become able to respond to external and/or internal signals.This transition is known as

A)cloning.
B)initiation.
C)abscission.
D)perennial development.
E)phase changE.

Question 26

All of the following are flower parts except the

A)endosperm.
B)calyx.
C)corolla.
D)stigma.
E)stylE.

Question 27

The formation of the endosperm and the embryo in angiosperms is the result of

A)alternation of generations.
B)outcrossing.
C)determinate growth.
D)double fertilization.
E)secondary growth.

Question 28

Among insect-pollinated angiosperms,which of these are the most common pollinators?

A)bees
B)butterflies
C)fruit flies
D)moths
E)ants

Question 29

At a certain point in the flowering process,shoots become committed to making a flower.This is called

A)apomixes.
B)bilateralism.
C)phase change.
D)competence.
E)floral determination.

Question 30

Another name for a light-dependent flowering pathway is

A)autonomy.
B)phototropism.
C)photoperiodism.
D)competence.
E)vernalization.

Question 31

The progression that leads to the death of a plant is known as

A)outcrossing.
B)dichogamy.
C)abscission.
D)perennial.
E)senescencE.

Question 32

When functional stamens and carpels are both present,but reach maturity at different times,the flowers are said to be

A)androecious.
B)dioecious.
C)dichogamous.
D)monoecious.
E)gynoecious.

Question 33

Plants that reproduce asexually might produce identical progeny from all of the following except

A)portions of roots.
B)portions of stem.
C)portions of leaves.
D)pollen grains.
E)portions of ovules.

Question 34

Which of the following processes is not involved in determining when a plant will produce flowers?

A)water potential
B)temperature
C)light
D)promotive internal signals
E)inhibitory internal signals

Question 35

Which of the following statements about flowering plants is true?

A)A short-day plant requires nights longer than a certain critical period to trigger flowering.
B)A long-day plant requires nights shorter than a certain critical period to inhibit flowering.
C)A short-day plant requires daylight of short wavelengths.
D)A long-day plant requires long wavelengths during the night.
E)A long-day plant requires long days alternating with short days.

Question 36

The androecium is a collective term for the

A)carpels.
B)stamens.
C)petals.
D)sepals.
E)ovules.

Question 37

Which of the following actions will cause a plant to revert from an adult phase back to a juvenile one?

A)induction of the LEAFY gene
B)application of gibberellins
C)far-red wavelengths of light
D)removal of flowers
E)application of abscisic acid

Question 38

The steps involved in the fertilization of angiosperm flowers include all of the following except

A)pollen is transported to a stigma of a flower.
B)when pollen reaches the stigma of a flower,it begins to grow a pollen tube that pierces the style.
C)the style of the pistil contracts to bring the sperm closer to the embryo saC.
D)the pollen tube grows until it reaches the ovule in the ovary.
E)double fertilization produces an embryo and the endosperm.

Question 39

Plants such as oaks,birches,and corn produce both staminate and pistillate flowers on the same plant.These types of plants are known as

A)monoecious.
B)dioecious.
C)hermaphroditiC.
D)complete.
E)determinant.

Question 40

The calyx is a collective term for the

A)pistils.
B)ovules.
C)petals.
D)sepals.
E)stamens.

Question 41

Pollen grains are formed in the anther of the flower by which sequence of events?

A)Diploid microspore mother cells divide by meiosis to form four haploid microspores.Each microspore develops into a pollen grain by mitosis.
B)Haploid microspore mother cells divide by meiosis to form four diploid microspores.Each microspore develops into a pollen grain by mitosis.
C)Diploid microspore mother cells divide by mitosis to form four haploid microspores.Each microspore develops into a pollen grain by meiosis.
D)Haploid microspore mother cells divide by mitosis to form four diploid microspores.Each microspore develops into a pollen grain by meiosis.
E)Diploid megaspore mother cells divide by mitosis to form four diploid megaspores.Each megaspore develops into a pollen grain by meiosis.

Question 42

Which of the following statements about the angiosperm embryo sac is false?

A)It contains eight nuclei.
B)It is the gametophyte generation of the plant.
C)The nuclei within the embryo sac are diploid.
D)The synergids flank the egg cell.
E)The embryo sac nuclei are produced by mitosis of a megasporE.

Question 43

In much of North and South America,if a plant produces bright red flowers with little odor,it is reasonable to assume that it is pollinated by

A)bees.
B)butterflies.
C)hummingbirds.
D)moths.
E)ants.

Question 44

Which of these is not an example of coevolution between flowers and pollinating bees?

A)Bees have tongues to lap up nectar.
B)Some bees are hairy to collect and carry pollen.
C)Flowers have ultraviolet markings visible to bees but invisible to most other insects.
D)Some flowers are bright red with long tubes to hold nectar.
E)Bees have strong preferences for particular types of flowers and remember where the plants are located.

Question 45

What is the best description of double fertilization in angiosperms?

A)One sperm fertilizes the egg,which develops into the embryo;the other sperm fertilizes the ovary,which becomes the fruit.
B)One sperm fertilizes the egg,which develops into the embryo;the other sperm fertilizes the polar nuclei,which forms the endosperm.
C)One sperm fertilizes the egg,which develops into the embryo;the other sperm fertilizes the polar nuclei,which forms the seed coat.
D)One sperm fertilizes the egg,which develops into the embryo;the other sperm produces the pollen tube.
E)One pollen grain fertilizes the embryo sac;the other sperm fertilizes the pollen grain.

Question 46

Some flowers have distinctive markings that only reflect ultraviolet wavelengths of light and therefore are invisible to humans.Which statement about ultraviolet markings is not correct?

A)The ultraviolet markings are highly visible and attractive to bees.
B)Carotenoid pigments are responsible for the ultraviolet markings.
C)The ultraviolet markings often form a conspicuous central bull's eye or identify the best landing sites.
D)The ultraviolet markings repel birds and bats from the flowers.
E)Flowers with ultraviolet markings usually appear yellow or orange to humans.

Question 47

Pollinators may be attracted to a flower based on any of the following factors except

A)the amount of nectar.
B)odor.
C)color of the flower in visible light.
D)color of the flower in UV light.
E)taste of the ovules.

Question 48

The egg of an angiosperm is located in the

A)style.
B)endosperm.
C)anther.
D)embryo sac.
E)stigma.

Question 49

Which of the following statements about plant reproduction is incorrect?

A)Monoecious plants can have male and female flowers on the same plant.
B)Dioecious plants have male and female flowers on different plants.
C)Self-pollinating angiosperms are usually adapted to specific uniform habitats.
D)Outcrossing promotes genetic diversity.
E)Self-pollinated plants need to be visited by pollinators sometime during the time of pollen releasE.

Question 50

Endosperm tissue of angiosperms has what ploidy level?

A)n
B)2n
C)3n
D)4n
E)8n

Question 51

A researcher is investigating the morphology of complete flowers.This means that the flowers contain

A)calyx,corolla,receptacle,and carpels.
B)calyx,corolla,carpels,and ovules.
C)calyx,corolla,stamens,and anthers.
D)calyx,corolla,carpels,and pistils.
E)calyx,corolla,androecium,and gynoecium.

Question 52

Which of these methods does not help promote outcrossing in plants?

A)Staminate flowers and pistillate flowers reach maturity at different times.
B)Genetic self-incompatibility,even when staminate flowers and pistillate flowers reach maturity at the same time.
C)Flowers in which stamens and stigmas do not come in contact with each other.
D)Staminate and pistillate flowers mature at the same time,and are able to undergo self-pollination.
E)Physical separation of the staminate and pistillate flowers.

Question 53

All of the following are modes of vegetative reproduction except

A)runners.
B)rhizoids.
C)apomixis.
D)suckers.
E)rhizomes.

Question 54

If a plant self-pollinates and has complete flowers,then it must be

A)dichogamous.
B)monoecious.
C)dioecious.
D)staminate.
E)pistillatE.

Question 55

Which of the following is not an evolutionary trend in floral specialization?

A)There has been a trend toward numerous free,spirally arranged flower parts.
B)Separate floral parts have become fused.
C)The number of parts in each floral whorl has been reduced from many to few.
D)The spiral patterns of attachment of floral parts in primitive angiosperms have evolved into a single whorl at each level.
E)The central axis of many flowers has shortened,bringing the whorls closer together.

Question 56

Pollination begins when pollen is transferred from the

A)anther to the ovary of a flower.
B)anther to the receptacle of a flower.
C)anther to the stigma of a flower.
D)stigma to the embryo sac of a flower.
E)synergid to the egg of a flower.

Question 57

Self-pollinated angiosperms adapted to a particular uniform habitat are likely to produce large numbers of

A)outcrossed individuals.
B)ill-adapted offspring.
C)mutations.
D)infertile offspring.
E)uniform offspring.