Deck 8: Making Ethical Decisions in Business

Question 1

Ethical perfection is factual and real.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Rights are an absolute doctrine with definite limits.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The principle of equal freedom can act as a tiebreaker when the rights of two managers are in conflict.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

There is no specific part of the brain that makes ethical decisions.

Question 5

Ethical intuition is a form of social intuition.

Question 6

Compensatory justice requires inequitable compensation to victims.

Question 7

The economic and political factors within a society affect an individual's chances for justice to be served.

Question 8

The Golden Rule of ethics suggests to managers that it is acceptable to treat workers as simply factors of production that should be manipulated in the manager's best interest.

Question 9

Natural selection is the evolutionary basis of ethics.

Question 10

The conventionalist ethic is a thin justification for questionable behavior by managers.

Question 11

Utilitarianism protects both individual needs and community needs equally.

Question 12

Philosopher G.E.Moore believed that a good manager can "sense" the difference between right and wrong behavior.

Question 13

Rights have corresponding duties associated with them.

Question 14

Retributive justice allows that pay raises can be distributed on the basis of friendship rather than on performance.

Question 15

Aristotle argued that the end justified the means.

Question 16

The virtue ethic states that ethical behavior arises from the virtues within one's character.

Question 17

The idea that the needs of workers should be subordinate to the needs of the organization is fundamental to the organization ethic.

Question 18

The Golden Rule of ethics is: "Justice is nothing else than the interest of the stronger."

Question 19

Kant's categorical imperative is an ethical guideline that allows a manager to be flexible and act depending on the situation.

Question 20

The categorical imperative,an ethical guide for behavior,is based on the writings of German philosopher Immanuel Kant.

Question 21

Which of the following ethical principles is based on the fundamental idea of "a command that admits no exception"?

A) The categorical imperative
B) The Doctrine of the Mean
C) The disclosure rule
D) The rights ethic

Question 22

The idea that the needs of workers should be subordinate to the needs of the organization is the basis of the:

A) categorical imperative.
B) organization ethic.
C) intuition ethic.
D) disclosure rule.

Question 23

Aristotle's idea that "virtue requires moderation" is an essential part of the:

A) disclosure rule.
B) Doctrine of the Mean.
C) might-equals-right ethic.
D) intuition ethic.

Question 24

A manager may comply with both the practical imperative and the Golden Rule by asking if she would change places with the person affected by the contemplated action.This is known as the:

A) press test.
B) universalizability test.
C) others test.
D) reversibility test.

Question 25

A manager makes ethical decisions based on what he feels he can get away with given his power in the organization's hierarchy.He is using the principle of the:

A) categorical imperative.
B) intuition ethic.
C) might-equals-right ethic.
D) disclosure rule.

Question 26

Which ethical principle asserts that right actions are found in the area between extreme behaviors-labeled as excess on the one hand and deficiency on the other?

A) The principle of equal freedom
B) The Doctrine of the Mean
C) The categorical imperative
D) The theory of justice

Question 27

Identify the principle that admonishes a manager to treat employees as ends in themselves and not to manipulate them simply as factors of production for the self-interested ends of the company.

A) The disclosure rule
B) The Doctrine of the Mean
C) The practical imperative
D) The organization ethic

Question 28

A manager faced with an ethical dilemma asks herself how it would feel to explain the decision to a wider audience by using this ethical principle.

A) The ends-means ethic
B) The principle of proportionality
C) The Doctrine of the Mean
D) The disclosure rule

Question 29

The idea that a manager has the right to take a certain action as long as it does not deprive a worker of one of his rights is fundamental to the ethical principle of:

A) equal freedom.
B) compensatory justice.
C) proportionality.
D) double effect.

Question 30

In considering whether or not to do a certain action based on ethical reasoning,a manager asks herself: "If I act in this way,would my family approve of my actions?" Which of the following ethical principles is she applying?

A) The ends-means ethic
B) The intuition ethic
C) The organization ethic
D) The disclosure rule

Question 31

When a manager is trying to decide how to treat a subordinate,he asks himself: "If I treat this person in this way,would I want to switch places with this subordinate and have my supervisor treat me in this way?" In this scenario,he is applying the:

A) press test.
B) reversibility test.
C) others test.
D) universalizability test.

Question 32

In considering whether or not to do a certain action that involves ethical reasoning,a manager asks himself: "If I act in this way,do I want to read about my actions in 'The New York Times' tomorrow morning?" In this scenario,he is applying:

A) the disclosure rule.
B) the universalizability test.
C) the ends-means ethic.
D) the reversibility test.

Question 33

When a manager "cuts corners" by acting in questionable ways,he/she is acting according to the:

A) rights ethic.
B) intuition ethic.
C) ends-means ethic.
D) utilitarian ethic.

Question 34

Which ethical principle holds that a manager faced with a moral choice must act in a way that he/she believes is right and just for any person in a similar situation?

A) The disclosure rule
B) The Doctrine of the Mean
C) The categorical imperative
D) The Might-Equals-Right Ethic

Question 35

"Do unto others as you would have them do unto you" is the basic tenet of the:

A) Golden Rule.
B) Doctrine of the Mean.
C) organization ethic.
D) rights ethic.

Question 36

The idea that a manager simply "knows" the difference between right and wrong actions is fundamental to the:

A) disclosure rule.
B) organization ethic.
C) intuition ethic.
D) rights ethic.

Question 37

If a company issues ethics guidelines that include the statement: "If an action feels wrong,don't do it," the company is applying the:

A) intuition ethic.
B) ends-means ethic.
C) equal freedom principle.
D) theory of justice.

Question 38

Which of the following ethical principles is primarily a perfectionist rule for interpersonal relations?

A) The Golden Rule
B) The organization ethic
C) The Doctrine of the Mean
D) The principle of equal freedom

Question 39

Which of the following ethical principles is based on the idea that a manager can do whatever he wants as long as he does not break the law?

A) The principle of equal freedom
B) The conventionalist ethic
C) The Doctrine of the Mean
D) The disclosure rule

Question 40

When employees at Dow Chemical Company face an ethical decision they are told to ask: "What feels right or wrong about the situation or action?" This is an application of the:

A) Golden Mean.
B) intuition ethic.
C) equal freedom principle.
D) theory of justice.

Question 41

The four cardinal virtues identified by Plato are justice,temperance,courage,and:

A) wisdom.
B) respect.
C) honor.
D) benevolence.

Question 42

The idea that character development is the wellspring of ethical behavior is known as the:

A) Golden Rule.
B) disclosure rule.
C) virtue ethic.
D) equal freedom ethic.

Question 43

The idea that a retail shop owner should pay damages to a customer who was hurt by a salesperson is consistent with the ethical principle of:

A) restorative justice.
B) compensatory justice.
C) retributive justice.
D) distributive justice.

Question 44

The idea that a bank cashier should not be fired for stealing $100 if a bank officer is allowed to keep his job after embezzling $1,000 is consistent with the ethical principle of:

A) retributive justice.
B) restorative justice.
C) distributive justice.
D) compensatory justice.

Question 45

All of the following statements about a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)are true EXCEPT:

A) it is a method used to map activity in neural networks during ethical decision making.
B) it can pinpoint neural activity to within 1 micrometer in the brain.
C) it measures changes in blood flow and blood oxygen content related to neural activity.
D) it works by detecting shifts in magnetic properties of hemoglobin.

Question 46

The set of rules that a manager can use to make decisions that have both good and bad consequences is the basis of the:

A) might-equals-right ethic.
B) ends-means ethic.
C) proportionality ethic.
D) utilitarian ethic.

Question 47

Moral intuition is a form of social intuition that is adaptive to the social environment and predominates in individual ethical decisions,more so when they are:

A) immediate.
B) abstract.
C) less emotionally loaded.
D) amenable to decision regimes.

Question 48

Which ethical theory postulates that people must act for the common good of the society in which they live?

A) The disclosure rule
B) The theory of justice
C) The ends-means ethic
D) The might-equals-right ethic

Question 49

Evidence suggests that the sensitivity of neural pathways is based on learning and:

A) motivation.
B) social experience.
C) reinforcement.
D) classical conditioning.

Question 50

In making a decision using this principle,one must determine whether the harm in an action is outweighed by the good.

A) The organization ethic
B) The utilitarian ethic
C) The categorical imperative
D) The practical imperative

Question 51

The saying,"Your right to swing your fist ends where my nose begins" is a colloquial version of the:

A) conventionalist ethic.
B) organization ethic.
C) principle of equal freedom.
D) principle of proportionality.

Question 52

An ethical principle that requires punishment to be evenhanded and proportionate to transgressions is:

A) compensatory justice.
B) distributive justice.
C) restorative justice.
D) retributive justice.

Question 53

One problem with _____ is that in practice it has led to self-interested reasoning.

A) the conventionalist ethic
B) utilitarianism
C) the disclosure rule
D) proportionality

Question 54

Which sphere of justice requires that the benefits and burdens of company life be distributed using impartial criteria?

A) The proportionality ethic
B) Distributive justice
C) Restorative justice
D) Retributive justice

Question 55

Which ethical principle is grounded on the idea that every individual has protections and entitlements that need to be respected by others?

A) The intuition ethic
B) The organization ethic
C) The rights ethic
D) The disclosure rule

Question 56

This ethical principle requires the manager to calculate which course of action,among alternatives,will result in the greatest benefit for the company and all workers.

A) The might-equals-right ethic
B) The ends-means ethic
C) The proportionality ethic
D) The utilitarian ethic

Question 57

What is the evolutionary basis of ethics?

A) Heredity
B) Eugenics
C) Natural selection
D) Artificial selection

Question 58

"Actions that promote happiness are right while actions that promote unhappiness are wrong" is the basis of the:

A) might-equals-right ethic.
B) ends-means ethic.
C) utilitarian ethic.
D) organization ethic.

Question 59

Identify the ethical principle that states that managers are responsible for the consequences when they create situations leading to both good and evil effects.

A) The principle of proportionality
B) The principle of justice
C) The principle of utility
D) The principle of equal freedom

Question 60

Which principle states that a manager will act ethically if the good effects outweigh the evil?

A) The principle of justice
B) The principle of double effect
C) The principle of utility
D) The principle of equal freedom

Question 61

What is meant by the theory of justice in ethical decision-making? Distinguish between distributive,retributive,and compensatory justice.

Question 62

What is consequentialism?

Question 63

List some practical suggestions for making ethical decisions in business.

Question 64

Explain what is meant by the organization ethic in ethical decision-making and give a business example of the application of this concept.

Question 65

Discuss Thomas M.Garrett's principle of proportionality.What are the five factors that managers need to consider in their decisions?

Question 66

According to brain research,the effectiveness of the disclosure rule is shown to rest on emotions such as:

A) fear.
B) greed.
C) remorse.
D) anger.

Question 67

Explain what is meant by the principle of equal freedom in ethical decision-making.

Question 68

Explain what is meant by the conventionalist ethic and give a business example of the application of this concept.

Question 69

Define deontological ethics.

Question 70

What is meant by the rights ethic in ethical decision-making?

Question 71

A method of ethical reasoning in which insight comes from answering a list of questions is known as the:

A) deontological approach.
B) critical questions approach.
C) general questions approach.
D) consequentialist approach.

Question 72

Explain what is meant by the utilitarian ethic in ethical decision-making.

Question 73

Explain what is meant by the ends-means ethic in ethical decision-making and give a business example of the application of this concept.

Question 74

Describe the process of a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)study of ethical decision making.

Question 75

Explain what is meant by the intuition ethic in ethical decision-making and give a business example of the application of this concept.

Question 76

Brain research into neural sensitivity affirms this ethic if it is defined as moral intuition enlightened by experience and ethical education.

A) The intuition ethic
B) The rights ethic
C) The equal freedom ethic
D) The virtue ethic

Question 77

Explain what is meant by the might-equals-right ethic in ethical decision-making and give a business example of the application of this concept.

Question 78

Discuss the four cardinal virtues of Plato.

Question 79

The learning of specific virtues such as prudence or honesty is known as:

A) character development.
B) intellectual development.
C) affective development.
D) social development.