Deck 1: The Air We Breathe

Question 1

Based on Table 1.1,which air pollutant is the only one to have increased between 1983 and 2002?

A)sulfur dioxide
B)ozone
C)particulate matter
D)None of these choices is correct.

Answer 1

None of these choices is correct.

Question 2

Of five major gaseous components of air,which is the only one to vary significantly in concentration from place to place and from day to day?

A)water vapor
B)carbon dioxide
C)nitrogen
D)argon

Answer 2

water vapor

Question 3

The quantity 8.7 × 10⁵ g expressed in standard decimal notation is:

A)0.000087 g
B)870.000 g
C)0.0000087 g
D)870,000 g

Answer 3

870,000 g

Question 4

When assessing the risk of an air pollutant,which does not play a role in considering someone's exposure to the pollutant?

A)a person's lung capacity
B)a person's breathing rate
C)the toxicity of the pollutant
D)the concentration in air of the pollutant

Question 5

Air is a(n)

A)element.
B)compound.
C)mixture.
D)pure substance.

Question 6

Which two gases make up more than 95% of an inhaled breath?

A)NO₂ and N₂
B)CO₂ and O₂
C)O₂ and N₂
D)N₂ and Ar

Question 7

The quantity 0.0000064 g expressed in scientific notation is:

A)6.4 × 10⁶ g
B)6.4 × 10¯⁶ g
C)6.4 × 10⁷ g
D)6.4 × 10¯⁷ g

Question 8

Ozone is considered an air pollutant in the ________ but is a valuable protective layer in the __________.

A)troposphere;stratosphere
B)stratosphere;mesosphere
C)stratosphere;troposphere
D)mesosphere;stratosphere

Question 9

Which substance is not considered to be an air pollutant?

A)N₂
B)SO₂
C)NO₂
D)O₃

Question 10

All of these pollutants can be detected by their odors except:

A)CO
B)O₃
C)SO_x
D)NO_x

Question 11

What two factors are considered when determining the risk assessment for air pollutants?

A)exposure and ppm
B)percentage and ppm
C)toxicity and percentage
D)toxicity and exposure

Question 12

Which component of the air makes up approximately 100 times more of an exhaled breath than of an inhaled breath?

A)Ar
B)O₂
C)O₃
D)CO₂

Question 13

The EPA limit for CO is 9 ppm.Express this number as a percentage.

A)90%
B)9%
C)0.09%
D)0.0009%

Question 14

Which pollutant are you more likely to encounter in dangerous concentrations indoors rather than outdoors?

A)nitrogen dioxide
B)carbon monoxide
C)ozone
D)sulfur dioxide

Question 15

Which component of the air is an element?

A)H₂O
B)NO₂
C)O₃
D)CO₂

Question 16

The ________ concentration in the air over the desert differs dramatically from that in the air in the tropical rainforest.

A)N₂
B)O₂
C)CO₂
D)H₂O

Question 17

A particular sample of air is 2.5% water vapor.Express the concentration of water vapor in parts per million (ppm).

A)0.0000025 ppm
B)0.025 ppm
C)250 ppm
D)25000 ppm

Question 18

What is the primary component of an exhaled breath?

A)N₂
B)O₂
C)CO₂
D)H₂O

Question 19

The burning of coal produces sulfur dioxide,SO₂,a pollutant that slowly reacts in air to form SO₃.Sulfur trioxide dissolves into airborne water droplets to form a very corrosive solution of sulfuric acid.Which is a product of burning coal that hastens the transformation of sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide?

A)carbon dioxide
B)carbon monoxide
C)nitrogen dioxide
D)particles of ash

Question 20

Which pollutant is present in air as particulate matter?

A)soot
B)ozone
C)sulfur dioxide
D)carbon monoxide

Question 21

A(n)__________ is a fixed number of atoms held together by chemical bonds in a certain spatial arrangement.

A)element
B)ion
C)molecule
D)mixture

Question 22

Which process does not involve a chemical change?

A)burning charcoal on the grill
B)digesting food
C)boiling water
D)cleaning the shower with Lime Away

Question 23

In general,which airborne material is not likely to be affected by the filters or indoor air handling equipment?

A)particulates
B)pollen
C)soot
D)carbon monoxide

Question 24

Which diagram(s)best represent(s)only diatomic molecules?

A)I only
B)II only
C)I and II only
D)II and IV only

Question 25

Which color,as used in the Air Quality Index,warns that the level of a pollutant is hazardous,the most dangerous level?

A)orange
B)green
C)yellow
D)maroon

Question 26

Which is not a pure substance?

A)helium
B)copper wire
C)air
D)sucrose

Question 27

Which is not a single pure substance?

A)copper
B)water
C)brass
D)chlorine

Question 28

The highest (or uppermost)layer of our atmosphere is the

A)troposphere.
B)ozone layer.
C)stratosphere.
D)mesosphere.

Question 29

The chemist,at about the time of the American Civil War,given the greatest credit for developing the most common way of arranging the elements,thus leading to the Periodic Table of today,is

A)Einstein.
B)Pasteur.
C)Mendeleev.
D)Galileo.

Question 30

A substance that can be broken down into two or more simpler substances by chemical methods is called a(n)

A)compound.
B)mixture.
C)element.
D)isotope.

Question 31

Which is not a mixture?

A)a jar filled with rocks and sand
B)sea water
C)a glass of Kool-Aid
D)sodium chloride

Question 32

On a Periodic Table,the columns of elements with similar properties are

A)periods.
B)groups.
C)rows.
D)metals.

Question 33

Which squares contain mixtures?

A)II and III only
B)III and IV only
C)I,III,and IV only
D)I and IV only

Question 34

Which differentiates a compound from a mixture of two or more elements?

A)The elements in a compound may be present in varying proportions.
B)A compound does not exhibit the individual properties of the elements of which it is composed.
C)A compound is made up of only one element.
D)A compound cannot be made up of more than two elements.

Question 35

The most numerous of the elements are the

A)metals.
B)non metals.
C)metalloids.
D)noble gases.

Question 36

Although only about 100 elements exist,over __________________ compounds have been isolated,identified,and characterized.

A)one hundred thousand
B)one million
C)20 million
D)10 billion

Question 37

Which symbol(s)represent(s)elements in the noble gas family?

A)X and Z
B)P and L
C)Q
D)Y

Question 38

Which symbols represent only elements that are metals?

A)X and Z
B)X and Q
C)P and L
D)X,R,P,and Q

Question 39

Which substance is an element?

A)NO₂
B)NaCl
C)N₂
D)CH₄

Question 40

Which square(s)contain(s)only an element?

A)I only
B)II only
C)I and II only
D)III and IV only

Question 41

During a chemical reaction,

A)atoms are rearranged.
B)some atoms are destroyed and new ones are formed.
C)some elements are destroyed and new ones are formed.
D)the law of conservation of matter and mass may be briefly violateD.

Question 42

Which is the balanced chemical equation showing hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)decomposing into hydrogen (H₂)and oxygen (O₂)?

A)H₂O₂ → H₂ + O₂
B)H₂ + O₂ → H₂O₂
C)2 H₂ + O₂ → 2 H₂O₂
D)2 H₂O₂ → 2 H₂ + O₂

Question 43

The United States has more vehicles per capita than any other country,but cleaner air than many other countries because it

A)has more electric vehicles.
B)has fewer people living in cities.
C)has more governmental regulations on air quality.
D)is a large country so pollutants can spread out more.

Question 44

P₂O₅ is the chemical formula for

A)pentoxygen diphosphide.
B)diphosphorus pentoxide.
C)dioxygen pentaphosphide.
D)monophosphorus pentoxide.

Question 45

Which diagram(s)best represent(s)only molecules?

A)I only
B)II only
C)III only
D)I and II only
E)IV only

Question 46

Ozone is a secondary pollutant.A secondary pollutant is

A)not as hazardous as a primary pollutant.
B)not produced directly but as the product of the interaction of two or more pollutants.
C)one that is naturally present in our atmosphere.
D)one that is less hazardous than a primary pollutant.

Question 47

Which of the following would be described as "fine particles"?

A)SOx
B)NOx
C)O₃
D)2.5 μm diameter soot

Question 48

Choose the proper coefficients for each substance to balance this equation.
____ C₂H₄(g)+ ____ O₂(g)→ ____ CO₂(g)+ ____ H₂O(g)

A)1,1,2,2
B)1,3,2,2
C)2,3,4,2
D)2,2,4,2

Question 49

Which shows the balanced equation for the reaction of nitrogen (),as it is normally found in our atmosphere,with oxygen (),as it is normally found in our atmosphere,to form nitrogen dioxide?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 50

Critique the statement: "Air pollution is an unavoidable by-product of an industrialized society-the more modern we become the more air pollution we will have."

A)This is a reasonable statement since burning fossil fuels is necessary for industrialization and unavoidably produces pollutants.
B)Although burning fossil fuels does produce air pollutants,technology may prevent these pollutants from increasing in the atmosphere as we become more industrialized.
C)Air pollution is not inevitable if we could raise the temperature at which fossil fuels are burned.
D)Burning fossil fuels does not have to produce potential pollutants,but it does because of the unwillingness of government and industry to spend additional money.

Question 51

The two main products of the combustion of gasoline in an automobile engine are

A)oxygen and carbon monoxide.
B)sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides.
C)sulfur oxides and hydrogen.
D)water and carbon dioxide.

Question 52

Based on its name,which carbon compound contains the fewest carbon atoms?

A)ethanol
B)methane
C)chlorobutane
D)propyl alcohol

Question 53

Choose the proper coefficients for each substance to yield a balanced equation.

A)1,1,1
B)2,1,1
C)2,1,2
D)2,1,1.

Question 54

Except in the case of hydrocarbons,when naming virtually all compounds made up of two elements,the second element mentioned

A)ends in "ide."
B)is preceded by "mono" (or occasionally "mon").
C)is always the more metallic element.
D)is the one present in the greater number of atoms.

Question 55

Catalytic converters reduce the amount of ________ in car exhaust.

A)O₃
B)CO₂
C)CO
D)N₂

Question 56

Green chemistry is

A)the study of how to improve the production of oxygen via photosynthesis.
B)any chemistry having an agricultural base.
C)the cause of the higher temperatures and humidity typically found in greenhouses.
D)the design of products and processes that reduce hazardous substances.

Question 57

Which is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of nitrogen (N₂)with oxygen (O₂)to form NO?

A)2 NO → N₂ + O₂
B)N₂ + O₂ → NO
C)N₂ + O₂ → 2 NO
D)NO → N₂ + O₂

Question 58

The name of the compound formed by combining carbon atoms
With oxygen atoms To form Is

A)carbon oxide.
B)monocarbon dioxide.
C)carbon dioxide.
D)carbonate.

Question 59

There are approximately 2 × 10²² molecules and atoms in each breath we take and the concentration of CO in the air is approximately 9 parts per million.Approximately how many CO molecules are in each breath we take?

A)2 × 10¹⁵
B)1.8 × 10¹⁷
C)2 × 10¹⁷
D)2 × 10²⁹

Question 60

Which diagram(s)best represent(s)only individual atoms?

A)I only
B)II only
C)III only
D)IV only
E)II and III only

Question 61

A compound and a mixture differ in that only the mixture

A)is made up of more than one element.
B)may be made up of components that may be molecules.
C)is of fixed composition.
D)exhibits the properties of its individual components.

Question 62

Which of the following is a pure substance?

A)Lemonade
B)Concrete
C)Gasoline
D)Silver wire

Question 63

If we assume that the top of Mt.Everest is the highest land mass on earth,hikers who scale its summit are standing in the

A)mesosphere.
B)stratosphere.
C)troposphere.
D)ozone layer.

Question 64

Which of the following are examples of technological advances that have reduced air pollution?
__ Paint with reduced VOCs
__ Catalytic converters
__ Burning gasoline in leaf blowers
__ Low sulfur Diesel fuels

Question 65

Would a woman that inhaled 15,000 liters of air per day exceed the 24-hr average for inhalation of SO₂ if she were exposed to 1150 μg of SO₂ each day?

Question 66

Which of the following is the correct name for SF₆?

A)Monosulfur Hexafluoride
B)Sulfur Hexafluorite
C)Sulfur Fluoride
D)Sulfur Hexafluoride

Question 67

Which pollutant is found both indoors and outdoors,but it most likely to be toxic indoors?

A)CO
B)O₃
C)NO₂
D)SO₂

Question 68

Balance this equation P₄ + Cl₂ → PCl₅ with the smallest whole number coefficients.Choose the answer that is the sum of the coefficients.Do not forget coefficients of "one".

A)7
B)9
C)11
D)13
E)15

Question 69

Which is the following incorrectly represents a combustion reaction?

A)2 CH₄ + 3 O₂ → 2 CO₂ + 2 H₂O
B)S₈ + 8 O₂ → 8 SO₂
C)N₂ + 2 O₂ → 2 NO₂
D)C₃H₈ + O₂ → 3 CO₂

Question 70

Which square(s)contain(s)only one or more compounds?

A)I only
B)II only
C)I and IV only
D)II and III only

Question 71

Which if the following is the chemical symbol for silver?

A)Au
B)Pb
C)Ag
D)Fe

Question 72

The chemical formula for nitrogen monoxide is:

A)N₂O
B)NO
C)NO₂
D)N₂O₃

Question 73

Which correctly pairs an indoor pollutant with its source?

A)formaldehyde and unvented space heaters
B)O₃ and electrical arcing
C)radon and glues and solvents
D)nicotine and paint and paint thinners

Question 74

If 500 mL of air contains 2 x 10²² particles (atoms and molecules),how many particles do you inhale in one day if you breathe 15000 L of air?

A)2 x 10²²
B)6 x 10²⁶
C)1.2 x 10²⁷
D)5 x 10²⁴

Question 75

Which of the following contains the most atoms?

A)Methane
B)Ethane
C)Butane
D)Propane

Question 76

The lowest (or closest to the ground)layer of our atmosphere is the

A)troposphere.
B)ozone layer.
C)stratosphere.
D)mesosphere.