Deck 13: Charismatic Leadership

Question 1

Currently,prominent theories of charismatic leadership are leader centered.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Charismatic effects cannot be brought about through processes such as role modeling.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Without a systematic framework,researchers often have found it difficult to define and operationalize charisma and to identify the variables that influence its development.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Attribution of charisma to leaders depends on followers' perception of their revolutionary and unconventional qualities.

Question 5

The literature on charismatic leadership repeatedly attributes dominance as a personal characteristic to leaders who have charismatic effects.

Question 6

A major drawback of charismatic leadership is that the leaders often fail to demonstrate confidence in their followers' abilities.

Question 7

Social attraction as the basis for susceptibility to charismatic leadership is likely to be particularly relevant in the case of followers with an individualistic orientation.

Question 8

Weber attributed the "gift" of charisma in part to the creative or innovative quality of the leader's goals rather than the maintenance quality.

Question 9

Empowered individuals find meaning in their role involvement and they have a sense of determination regarding specific means to achieve a desired outcome within their role.

Question 10

According to sociological literature,it is important to maintain low stress in organizations for charismatic leadership to emerge.

Question 11

Self-identity levels identified by Brewer and Gardner exist only as transient cognitive states.

Question 12

Generally the roles requiring highly routine,nonthinking effort in institutions directed exclusively to economic ends easily lend themselves to ideological value orientation.

Question 13

Typically,charismatic leaders communicate their convictions,self-confidence,and dedication through impassive modes of action.

Question 14

Socialized charismatic relationships do not include idolization and unquestioning obedience to the leader and hence they are not likely to reinforce or create a delusion of omnipotence on the part of the leader.

Question 15

The collective self is based on membership in larger,more impersonal collectives or social categories.

Question 16

According to Meindl,charismatic leadership emerges as a result of the traits or behaviors of leaders or out of the interactions between followers and leaders.

Question 17

Attribution of charisma to leaders is believed to depend on the use of innovative and unconventional means for achieving the desired change.

Question 18

Most writers agree that the effects of charismatic leadership are more calculative than emotional.

Question 19

Leaders who have charismatic effects have a high need to have influence over others.

Question 20

In the traditional literature on charisma,it is frequently asserted that charismatic leaders articulate a goal which becomes the basis of a movement or a cause and such a goal is pragmatic rather than ideological.

Question 21

Which of the following work roles in society is least likely to lend them to ideological value orientation?

A)White-collar workers
B)Strategists
C)Researchers
D)Assembly-line workers

Question 22

Most theories and studies of charismatic leadership have focused on _____ that contribute to the charismatic leadership process.

A)followers' perceptions
B)the leaders' qualities and behaviors
C)leader-member exchanges
D)follower traits and behaviors

Question 23

Charismatic leadership is:

A)independent of individual traits.
B)consistent in its nature.
C)relational in its nature.
D)independent of follower perceptions and values.

Question 24

Individuals with _____ self-concept clarity are likely to have high motivation for self-expression.

A)high
B)low
C)minimal
D)neutral

Question 25

The _____ perspective of charismatic leadership relies very heavily on the influence of leader characteristics and behaviors in producing followers' motivation,attitudes,and behaviors.

A)operational
B)transformational
C)leader-centric
D)follower perception

Question 26

Most writers agree that the effects of charismatic leadership are:

A)calculative in nature.
B)transactional in nature.
C)operational in nature.
D)emotional in nature.

Question 27

Unlike most leadership theories,leader-member exchange (LMX) theory acknowledges the importance of:

A)leaders' perception in decision making.
B)the role of followers in leadership processes.
C)key leader behaviors that result in charisma.
D)legitimate power and formal structuring.

Question 28

Charismatic leaders:

A)are not very sensitive to the abilities of followers.
B)are rarely sensitive to the emotional needs of followers.
C)prefer conventional actions to unconventional actions.
D)are very sensitive to the social environments in which they operate.

Question 29

Leader-member exchange (LMX) approach is a(n):

A)procedural model that describes the process of formation of a charismatic leadership.
B)theory that explains the important behaviors and traits that are possessed by leaders and members in charismatic leadership.
C)unidirectional approach to leadership that is dependent on the value provided by the leaders.
D)gradual leadership-making model that describes the development of the leader-member relationship over time.

Question 30

A person is more likely to be modeled to the extent that the person:

A)is perceived as nurturant.
B)is regarded as a dominant entity.
C)is considered as an expert in his field.
D)has legitimate power over the followers.

Question 31

A(n) _____ test refers to testing one's notions of actuality against the opinions of others.

A)perceptions
B)reality
C)inference
D)convictions

Question 32

Which type of power is a charismatic leader most likely to utilize?

A)Referent power
B)Legal power
C)Coercive power
D)Reward power

Question 33

Weber's conceptualization of charismatic authority was limited by its:

A)limited scope.
B)extended scope.
C)lack of specificity.
D)dependence on expert power.

Question 34

Industrial and scientific leaders frequently stress _____ as a measure of one's worth.

A)cooperation
B)motivation
C)equality and diversity
D)excellence of performance

Question 35

In the behavioral framework proposed by Conger and Kanungo,charisma is viewed both as a set of dispositional attributions by followers and as a set of leaders':

A)manifest behaviors.
B)skills and abilities.
C)cognitive behaviors.
D)perceptual process.

Question 36

_____ refers to some idealized goal that the leader wants the organization to achieve in the future.

A)Mission
B)Vision
C)Strategy
D)Plan

Question 37

Charismatic leaders tend to engage in behaviors that are:

A)complex.
B)most popular.
C)unconventional.
D)widely accepted.

Question 38

Which of the following statements about the characteristics of a charismatic leader is true?

A)Personal traits of leaders are not important in determining charisma.
B)Leaders with high levels of dominance are not likely to exhibit charisma.
C)Leaders who have charismatic effects have a high need to have influence over others.
D)The behavior of leaders and situational factors would not lead to charisma.

Question 39

In a(n)_____ relationship,followers have a clear sense of self and a clear set of values,and the charismatic relationship provides them with a means for expressing their important values within the framework of a collective action.

A)socialized
B)personalized
C)ideological
D)private

Question 40

_____ is derived from interpersonal connections and role relationships with specific others.

A)Coercive power
B)Legitimate power
C)Relational self
D)Collective self

Question 41

Which of the following terms refers to the degree to which an individual can influence strategic,administrative,and operating outcomes at work?

A)Impact
B)Competence
C)Self-efficacy
D)Self-determination

Question 42

What is role modeling? What are the essentials for the success of role modeling? Explain the behaviors resulting from role modeling.

Question 43

What are the circumstances under which charismatic leadership emerge?

Question 44

Briefly describe the effects of charismatic leadership.

Question 45

Discuss the relationship between charisma and unconventional behavior.

Question 46

Briefly describe the leader-member exchange (LMX) approach to leadership.

Question 47

_____ refers to self-efficacy specific to the role and is analogous to agency beliefs,personal mastery,and effort-performance expectancy.

A)Impact
B)Competence
C)Consideration
D)Self-determination

Question 48

Many studies of the Pygmalion effect have shown that significant others' positive expectations:

A)could lead to interpersonal conflicts.
B)reduce individual performance.
C)reduce organizational performance.
D)increase the self-efficacy of people.

Question 49

_____ as the basis for susceptibility to charismatic leadership is likely to be particularly relevant in the case of followers with a collective orientation.

A)Member traits
B)Group perception
C)Social attraction
D)Follower perception

Question 50

People with a _____ identity orientation define themselves in terms of their relationships with significant others.

A)dependent
B)relational
C)transformational
D)collective