Deck 7: Managing Cultural Diversity

Question 1

According to researcher Lawrence Hirschfield ______.

A) when we categorize someone into a racial group,we are using primarily objective criteria that reflects biologically coherent populations
B) there is as much genetic variation within racial groups as between them
C) both a and b
D) none of the above

Answer 1

B

Question 2

According to the textbook,the most important cultural knowledge that is that which cultural group believes will help members solve two fundamental problems of survival _____.

A) internal integration and external adaptation
B) external integration and internal adaptation
C) individuation and socialization
D) meaning and lack of meaning

Answer 2

A

Question 3

According to researchers Robin Ely and David Thomas,which of the following perspectives toward diversity is likely to lead to bottom line results?

A) integration and learning
B) access and legitimacy
C) discrimination and fairness
D) multicultural mainstreaming

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A culture in which inequalities are minimized and employees are empowered and encouraged to make decisions would be described as _____.

A) an affiliation culture
B) an independent culture
C) a low power-distance culture
D) a high power-distance

Question 5

In which of the following cultures would professors be most likely to wear a suit to teach a class?

A) formal
B) informal
C) universal
D) particular

Question 6

All of the following are true of high-context cultures except _____.

A) people want to know you before talking about business
B) communication takes more time
C) the word "yes" doesn't always mean agreement
D) direct criticism is more effective than indirect criticism

Question 7

A culture in which "a rule is a rule" would be described as _____.

A) a culture that emphasizes a modernist orientation
B) a culture that emphasizes a collectivist orientation
C) a culture that emphasizes a universalistic orientation
D) none of the above

Question 8

You are meeting with a new client. After you introduce yourself,the client says,"Let's get down to business," and proceeds to outline the details of the deal on which you are working. Your new client is likely to come from a _____ culture.

A) low context
B) high context
C) low content
D) high content

Question 9

According to researchers Candace West and Don Zimmerman,"gender" refers to _____.

A) the roles men and women take as a consequence of social expectations
B) physical differences
C) objective categories that provide criteria for determining who will make the best doctors,nurses,managers,and secretaries
D) none of the above

Question 10

In ______ context cultures,the surrounding social context is seen as sending important signals that enhance communication.

A) low
B) high
C) normative
D) non-normative

Question 11

In organizations with a high power-distance culture _____.

A) managers are likely to be treated as equals by direct reports
B) relationships will tend to be informal
C) following the chain of command is important
D) employees are encouraged to take independent action

Question 12

If I emphasize taking care of myself and making my own decisions,I am likely to be from a culture that emphasizes _____.

A) counterdependence
B) interdependence
C) independence
D) co-dependence

Question 13

In a particularistic culture,_____.

A) "a rule is a rule"
B) managers are seen as decision makers
C) people are flexible about applying rules
D) people depend on each other

Question 14

According to the textbook,which of the following is not among the problems that result from stereotyping?

A) We see people within a category as more similar than they really are.
B) We see people from different groups as more different than they really are.
C) We fail to see many other factors that make up our essence as human beings.
D) They are all among the problems that result from stereotyping.

Question 15

When we assume that demographic categories are based on cultural meaning systems,we assume _____.

A) people develop cultural identities through teachings and others' expectations
B) cultural identity influences one's self-concept
C) cultural meaning systems are often taken for granted
D) all of the above

Question 16

Achievement-based cultures are likely to encourage more _____.

A) formality
B) competition
C) respect for age
D) respect for hierarchy

Question 17

A company believes that the best way to leverage the diversity in the organization is to make sure the company hires people based on the demographic groups the company serves is using a/an _____________________ perspective.

A) access and legitimacy
B) discrimination and fairness
C) integration and learning
D) multicultural mainstreaming

Question 18

In a _____ culture,directness is likely to be sacrificed for harmony.

A) low context
B) high context
C) low content
D) high content

Question 19

Effectively managing diverse human resources contributes to an organization's effectiveness by _____.

A) increasing positive publicity
B) helping the organization recruit and retain good employees
C) improving problem solving and decision making within the organization
D) all of the above

Question 20

A society in which people earn status primarily through family,age,social connections,or the class into which they were born is called _____.

A) a familial-induction society based culture
B) an ascription-based culture
C) an achievement-based culture
D) an independent culture

Question 21

"Rapport talk" is associated with _____.

A) looking for similarities and matching experiences
B) a desire to stand out
C) a desire to reinforce or maintain status
D) none of the above

Question 22

"Reindeer games" refer to _____.

A) social activities that are not obviously work related but that provide opportunities to network,become visible,and gain other benefits ( Recall,Easy)
B) forms of sexual harassment in which women target men for harassment
C) socially approved means of hazing newcomers to the organization
D) none of the above

Question 23

Which of the following professional schools in the U.S.have the lowest proportion of women as students?

A) medical
B) law
C) business
D) nursing

Question 24

Cultures that focus on obtaining truth through scientific methods use _________________ reasoning.

A) inductive
B) separative
C) mono-scientific
D) deductive

Question 25

Antonio believes that the most productive way to achieve a goal is to move forward step-by-step in a linear,sequential fashion. This suggests Antonio has which of the following orientations toward time?

A) linear
B) cyclical
C) projective
D) none of the above

Question 26

According to the textbook,stereotyping _____.

A) involves the assumption that characteristics thought to be common in a cultural group apply to every member
B) tends to be one dimensional - it involves overemphasizing a person's membership in one cultural-identity group and underemphasizing other factors that also shape that person's worldview and behaviors
C) narrows our perspective and behavior
D) All of the above

Question 27

Cognitive complexity refers to ______.

A) a high task orientation when working with diverse teams
B) the degree of complexity with which a person takes in and makes sense of information and experiences
C) an analytical view of the self
D) none of the above

Question 28

Which of the following characteristics is most related to managerial effectiveness cross cultures?

A) analytical sophistication
B) perfectionism
C) rigidity
D) cognitive complexity

Question 29

Traditions,routines,and predictability are favored by people with ____.

A) high uncertainty avoidance
B) low uncertainty avoidance
C) high intrinsic motivation
D) low intrinsic motivation

Question 30

According to the textbook,culture-specific skills for effective multicultural managers include all but one of the following. Which one?

A) learn the work norms
B) understand the social context
C) use an individualistic orientation
D) understand the do's and taboos

Question 31

People who are most likely to develop multicultural competence have which of the following qualities?

A) curiosity
B) openness
C) empathy
D) all of the above

Question 32

The statement "doing gender" refers to the belief that demographic categories are,in part,socially created rather than natural distinctions.

Question 33

People with a "monochronic" time orientation _____.

A) prefer to do one thing at a time
B) procrastinate
C) start projects early
D) prefer to do many things at once

Question 34

"Report talk" is associated with _____.

A) establishing connections with other people
B) deferring to others
C) looking for similarities
D) exhibiting knowledge

Question 35

People from cultures that promote an independent view of the self are more likely to appreciate being singled out for praise.

Question 36

The best way to manage a diverse group of employees is to _____.

A) encourage the minority members to act like the majority
B) assume that people will overcome cultural barriers on their own
C) enhance your personal multicultural competence and model appropriate behavior
D) minimize non-work interactions between employees from different cultural groups

Question 37

A culture in which people tend to value punctuality,agendas,schedules,and deadlines would be described as having a _____ time orientation.

A) Type A
B) Type B
C) fluid
D) fixed

Question 38

You have just joined a new team in your organization. As you are getting to know people,you notice that one person is very quiet. You automatically assume that the reason the person is quiet is because she is from a particular national culture. This is an example of _____.

A) stereotyping
B) cultural diversity
C) multiple cultural identity group memberships
D) diverging worldviews

Question 39

Which of the following characteristics predicts high multicultural competence?

A) cognitive complexity
B) openness to experience
C) high need for cognition
D) all of the above

Question 40

Organizations that promote an "integration and learning" approach to diversity are more likely to be successful at leveraging diversity than organizations that promote an "access and legitimacy" approach.

Question 41

An effective multicultural manager needs culture-general skills,but not culture-specific skills.

Question 42

Amit believes that his manager should be called by his formal title and that the chain of command should be carefully followed when he has a problem. Amit's beliefs reflect a low power distance orientation.

Question 43

Anat works in the research and development department of a pharmaceutical company. She needs to meet with people from the marketing department often. She believes that an important goal of these meetings is to build relationships across departments,and she spends the early part of her meetings getting to know the different people who are attending the meetings. Based on this information,Anat is demonstrating "rapport talk".

Question 44

Cultures promote the belief that "a rule is a rule" and should be applied to all people regardless of situations would be considered universalistic.

Question 45

Anat says to her employees,"I say what I mean,and I mean what I say." This statement reflects a high context orientation toward communication.

Question 46

Inductive reasoning emphasizes data,facts,objectivity,proof,direct observation,cause-and-effect,breaking things down into small parts,and understanding the separate parts.

Question 47

Identify at least five cultural diffe rences that may affec t work behavior. Briefly explain each .

Question 48

A "high need for cognition" refers to having a tendency to participate in and enjoy experiences that require using stereotypes in problem solving."

Question 49

People with high multicultural competence tend to be high in cognitive complexity.

Question 50

Gender is,in part,determined by societal norms.

Question 51

Learning the history of a particular country can help you to be more effective when doing business with people from that country.

Question 52

According to Cox,effectively managing diversity requires creating a climate in which the potential advantages of diversity for organizational performance are maximized while the potential disadvantages are minimized.

Question 53

"Reindeer games" may be illegal under Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.

Question 54

People from cultures that promote an ascriptive view of success believe that status is achieved primarily through personal achievements.

Question 55

Describe the differences between the integration and learning,access and legitimacy and discrimination and fairness strategies for managing diversity in organizations. Also explain which one is most successful for managing diversity and why.