Deck 9: Cell Division and Mitosis Natures Pharmacy

Question 1

A cell spends most of its time in

A) metaphase.
B) telophase.
C) prophase.
D) anaphase.
E) interphase.

Answer 1

interphase.

Question 2

A healthy cell spends most of its lifetime in

A) cytokinesis.
B) G₂ phase.
C) interphase.
D) mitosis.
E) S phase.

Answer 2

interphase.

Question 3

The process of _____ is used to replace damaged or worn-out cells.

A) apoptosis
B) meiosis
C) cell twinning
D) cell division
E) cell senescence

Answer 3

cell division

Question 4

Our skin is our outermost layer,and it is exposed to all the hazards of the external environment.Thus,our skin cells are damaged on a regular basis and die.How does our body handle this frequent cell death?

Question 5

Which statement is FALSE?

A) Mitosis occurs during wound healing.
B) Mitosis is required for embryonic development.
C) Mitosis is part of the process used to repair damaged tissues.
D) Mitosis is required to halve the chromosome number of cells.
E) Mitosis occurs regularly in our body.

Question 6

At the end of interphase each chromosome is made up of

A) mother-daughter chromatids.
B) brother-sister chromatids.
C) sister chromatids.
D) paired chromatids.
E) duplex chromatids.

Question 7

Choose the list that gives the most correct and complete order of events during the cell cycle.

A) G1, S, G2, cytokinesis, and mitosis
B) G1, S, G2, and mitosis
C) mitosis, G1, S, G2, and cytokinesis
D) G1, G2, S, cytokinesis, and mitosis
E) G1, S, G2, mitosis, and cytokinesis

Question 8

If you cut yourself,the damaged cells are

A) sloughed off.
B) repaired by surrounding cells.
C) replaced by surrounding cells.
D) repaired by your immune system.
E) All the above.

Question 9

What do you think might happen to the embryo if a fertilized egg could not divide normally during embryonic development?

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of cells undergoing mitosis and cytokinesis?

A) a new embryo growing
B) a tree producing new branches
C) dead skin cells being replaced
D) a wound healing over with a scar
E) All of the above.

Question 11

Which phase(s)occur during interphase?

A) G1, S, and G2
B) G1, S, G2, and mitosis
C) mitosis
D) G1 and G2
E) S, G2, and mitosis

Question 12

Cell division is used for all of the following EXCEPT

A) replacing skin cells separated by a paper cut.
B) replacing blood cells that have died.
C) production of hormones.
D) growth of a single cell into a baby.
E) growth of a child into an adult.

Question 13

The end result of mitosis and cytokinesis is

A) two cells identical in size and genetic material.
B) two cells identical in genetic material, but one is smaller than the other.
C) three cells, one of which is twice the size of the other two.
D) two cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the mother cell.
E) two cells, each with twice the number of chromosomes as the mother cell,

Question 14

Sister chromatids are NOT present during

A) interphase.
B) DNA replication.
C) the cell cycle.
D) G1 stage of cell cycle.
E) S phase of cell cycle.

Question 15

Which of the following occurs during interphase?

A) replication of chromosomes
B) sister chromatids line up in the middle of the cell
C) sister chromatids migrate to opposite sides of the cell
D) division of cytoplasm
E) two nuclei are created

Question 16

An adult has trillions of cells that all work together.Does an adult have cells that still undergo cell division? Why or why not?

Question 17

Sister chromatids are separated from each other during

A) interphase.
B) mitosis.
C) S phase.
D) G1.
E) cytokinesis.

Question 18

Organelles duplicate during

A) prophase.
B) G₁ phase.
C) G₂ phase.
D) S phase.
E) P phase.

Question 19

Red blood cells have a tough job,circulating through our bodies rapidly to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.Because of their job,they are worn out quickly,yet we need healthy functional red blood cells all the time.How does our body accommodate that need?

Question 20

A biologist measures the amount of DNA in cells growing in a laboratory.She should find that the amount of DNA doubles

A) during S phase.
B) at the end of G₂ phase.
C) right after cytokinesis.
D) during mitosis.
E) in the middle of G₁ phase.

Question 21

Duplicated chromosomes are also known as sister

A) chromatids.
B) chromosomes.
C) chromomeres.
D) centromeres.
E) centrioles.

Question 22

A cell divides before properly completing mitosis.Which of the following would be a likely result?

A) two perfectly normal cells
B) one perfectly normal cell
C) two smaller than normal cells
D) two cells with either extra or missing chromosomes
E) two cells with extra DNA and extra chromosomes

Question 23

Which of the following cell types goes through the cell cycle most frequently?

A) heart muscle cell
B) bicep muscle cell
C) brain nerve cell
D) skin cell
E) spinal nerve cell

Question 24

At the end of the S phase,cells have ____ set(s)of genetic material,compared to a cell at the beginning of S phase.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 25

Sister chromatids are held together by

A) a chromomere.
B) a chromosome fiber.
C) a centromere.
D) a centrosome.
E) a centriole.

Question 26

If the cell does not ____________ during S phase,daughter cells may be missing some or have too many copies of certain genes.

Question 27

A newly divided cell grows to mature size during

A) G₁.
B) S.
C) G₂.
D) mitosis.
E) cytokinesis.

Question 28

Colchicine is a drug that interferes with microtubule formation.Microtubules are the structures that help separate sister chromatids.Which stage of the cell cycle would colchicine affect?

A) interphase
B) mitosis
C) cytokinesis
D) S phase
E) all of the stages

Question 29

Sister chromatids are

A) duplicated chromosomes.
B) identical copies.
C) separated during mitosis.
D) made during the S phase.
E) All of the above.

Question 30

If the cell does not ____________ during mitosis,daughter cells may be missing some or have too many copies of certain genes.

Question 31

Chromosomes are duplicated during

A) the G₁ phase.
B) mitosis.
C) cytokinesis.
D) the G₂ phase.
E) the S phase.

Question 32

Which stage of the cell cycle is the lengthiest?

A) interphase
B) mitosis
C) cytokinesis
D) All the stages are equal in duration.
E) None of the above.

Question 33

Microtubules attach to ________ on centromeres during mitosis.

A) kinetochore proteins
B) DNA
C) mitotic spindles
D) checkpoints
E) nuclear membranes

Question 34

When chromosomes duplicate,they form

A) daughter chromatids.
B) sister chromatids.
C) mother-daughter chromosomes.
D) bifurcated chromosomes.
E) chromateres.

Question 35

When chromosomes duplicate,the copies are

A) not connected together.
B) connected together at only one end.
C) connected together at both ends but not the middle.
D) connected to each other along their entire length.
E) connected at only one point.

Question 36

During mitosis sister chromatids are

A) held together by the centromere.
B) 50% identical to each other.
C) attached to the nuclear membrane.
D) about to duplicate to form new chromosomes.
E) ready to migrate together to one end of the cell.

Question 37

Chromosomes are most stretched out during

A) interphase.
B) prophase.
C) telophase.
D) anaphase.
E) metaphase.

Question 38

Put these stages of the cell cycle in order,starting with a newly formed daughter cell: G₁,G₂,cytokinesis,mitosis,S phase.

Question 39

During interphase of the cell cycle,which of the following occurs?

A) All of the cell's DNA is copied.
B) The cell increases in volume.
C) Organelles are produced.
D) The cell goes through stages called G₁, S, and G₂.
E) All of the above.

Question 40

A cell divides before properly completing S phase.Which of the following would be a likely result?

A) two perfectly normal cells
B) one perfectly normal cell
C) two cells with extra DNA
D) two cells with some missing DNA
E) one cell with extra DNA and one with missing DNA

Question 41

Why would a chromosome condense during mitosis?

Question 42

In drawings of chromosomes,the "X" shape indicates that

A) the DNA has been replicated.
B) two sister chromatids exist.
C) cell division hasn't yet occurred.
D) the cell is probably ready for mitosis.
E) All of the above.

Question 43

Put the stages of cell division in the correct order.

Question 44

By what stage in mitosis are sister chromatids completely separated into what will become two new daughter nuclei?

A) prophase
B) metaphase
C) anaphase
D) telophase
E) interphase

Question 45

The correct order of phases in mitosis is

A) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
B) metaphase, anaphase, prophase, telophase, and cytokinesis.
C) G₁, S, G₂, M, and cytokinesis.
D) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and cytokinesis.
E) cytokinesis, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Question 46

Chromosomes pull apart because the spindle gets shorter during this stage.

A) interphase
B) prophase
C) metaphase
D) anaphase
E) telophase

Question 47

What would be the consequences to a cell if that cell were unable to form a mitotic spindle?

Question 48

After chromosomes are duplicated,the identical copies

A) are called twin chromosomes.
B) are attached to each other by a centromere.
C) are separated and paired with their homologous chromosomes.
D) divide again before mitosis can begin.
E) are attached to each other by a cytosome.

Question 49

The "S" phase of the cell cycle occurs during which of the following stages?

A) prophase
B) metaphase
C) anaphase
D) telophase
E) interphase

Question 50

Cytokinesis occurs in animal cells when

A) the cell migrates from one location to another.
B) cell contents double in preparation for cell division.
C) the cell membrane pinches to form two separate cells.
D) when the DNA is degraded into small pieces and the cell dies.
E) a cancer-treatment therapy is designed to interrupt mitosis.

Question 51

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the nucleus during

A) interphase.
B) prophase.
C) metaphase.
D) anaphase.
E) telophase.

Question 52

Chromosomes first coil up and become visible during

A) interphase.
B) prophase.
C) metaphase.
D) anaphase.
E) telophase.

Question 53

In_________,chromosomes align in the middle of the cell,tugged there by spindle fibers.

A) prophase
B) metaphase
C) anaphase
D) telophase
E) interphase

Question 54

Why would a chromosome decondense following mitosis?

Question 55

The nuclear envelope breaks up,allowing spindle fibers to attach to chromosomes during

A) interphase.
B) prophase.
C) metaphase.
D) anaphase.
E) telophase.

Question 56

DNA duplicates during

A) interphase.
B) prophase.
C) metaphase.
D) anaphase.
E) telophase.

Question 57

The nuclear envelope reforms during

A) interphase.
B) prophase.
C) metaphase.
D) anaphase.
E) telophase.

Question 58

In which stage(s)of mitosis would sister chromatids be connected by one centromere?

A) prophase and telophase
B) metaphase and telophase
C) prophase and metaphase
D) anaphase and telophase
E) telophase

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT a stage of mitosis?

A) prophase
B) metaphase
C) interphase
D) anaphase
E) telophase

Question 60

Which of the following describes sister chromatids?

A) two copies of different chromosomes held together by a centromere
B) identical copies of a chromosome held together by a centromere
C) identical copies of a chromosome that are not connected
D) two copies of different chromosomes that are not connected
E) None of the above.

Question 61

The cell cycle checkpoints are responsible for checking that the cell is prepared to move on to the next stage in cell division.For example,the G₁-to-S checkpoint ensures that the cell has all the components and signals necessary to go on to S phase and that the appropriate signals are present.The G₂ checkpoint checks whether the

A) chromosomes have been separated properly.
B) DNA has been replicated properly.
C) chromosomes have aligned properly.
D) DNA has decondensed.
E) cell organelles have duplicated properly.

Question 62

At the G₁ checkpoint,cells pause to

A) wait until there is a need for them to divide.
B) make sure that all chromosomes have been copied and are undamaged.
C) make sure that the nuclear envelope is intact.
D) make sure that all chromosomes are lined up properly.
E) make sure that the homologous chromosomes are wrapped around each other.

Question 63

Cell division is usually kept under control by

A) apoptosis.
B) a single checkpoint in cytokinesis.
C) several checkpoints in the cell cycle and by apoptosis.
D) suicide checkpoints.
E) cell cycle repair mechanisms.

Question 64

If a cell sustains irreparable DNA damage during the S phase of the cell cycle the cell will undergo _________.

Question 65

Which of the following places the phases of the cell cycle in the correct order?

A) metaphase, anaphase, telophase, prophase, interphase
B) interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
C) interphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase, anaphase
D) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, cytokinesis, telophase
E) cytokinesis, telophase, metaphase, prophase, interphase

Question 66

Programmed cell death is called

A) apoptosis.
B) endocytosis.
C) cytokinesis.
D) cytolysis.
E) mitosis.

Question 67

Proteins scan chromosomes for damage during the

A) G₁ checkpoint.
B) beginning of the synthesis phase.
C) apoptosis phase.
D) G₂ checkpoint.
E) metaphase checkpoint.

Question 68

At the G₂ checkpoint,cells pause to

A) wait until there is a need for them to divide.
B) make sure that all chromosomes have been copied and are undamaged.
C) make sure that the spindle is fully formed.
D) wait until all chromosomes are lined up properly.
E) make sure that the homologous chromosomes are wrapped around each other.

Question 69

Cell cycle checkpoints detect and control

A) DNA content.
B) signals that promote cell division.
C) DNA damage.
D) proper chromosome alignment.
E) All of the above.

Question 70

There are several points during the cell cycle when the cell will check to be sure everything is progressing normally,without mistakes,and confirm that the cell should continue to the next phase of the cycle.When do these "cell cycle checkpoints" occur?

A) between G₁ and S, and between G₂ and mitosis
B) between G₁ and G₂, between G₂ and mitosis, and during mitosis
C) between G₁ and S, between G₂ and mitosis, and during mitosis
D) between S and G₂, between G₂ and mitosis, and during cytokinesis
E) during S and cytokinesis

Question 71

If a cell is irreparably damaged,it undergoes programmed cell death,called

A) apoptosis.
B) cell division.
C) metastasis.
D) cytokinesis.
E) mitosis.

Question 72

What might be the result of a mutation in one of the proteins responsible for the G₁ checkpoint?

A) The cell would continue to S phase without signals to divide being present.
B) The cell would divide uncontrollably.
C) The cell would move through the cell cycle more rapidly than normal.
D) Nothing; one of the other checkpoints would make up for its absence.
E) All of the above.

Question 73

A specific gene,called GRAB,prevents a cell from entering mitosis if there are any signs of DNA damage.This means that GRAB would be a type of

A) cell cycle checkpoint.
B) tumor-causing gene.
C) non-hereditary gene.
D) growth signal.
E) mutation.

Question 74

Sister chromatids begin separation during which phase of the cell cycle?

A) metaphase
B) prophase
C) telophase
D) anaphase
E) interphase

Question 75

Define apoptosis.Why is apoptosis important?

Question 76

DNA replication occurs during which phase of the cell cycle?

A) metaphase
B) cytokinesis
C) interphase
D) prophase
E) anaphase

Question 77

What is the purpose of the cell cycle checkpoints? What happens when a cell no longer responds to these checkpoints?

Question 78

A cell has 46 centromeres in G₁.How many will be present in prophase and in anaphase?

A) 46 in prophase and 46 in anaphase
B) 46 in prophase and 23 in anaphase
C) 46 in prophase and 92 in anaphase
D) 23 in prophase and 92 in anaphase
E) 92 in prophase and 46 in anaphase

Question 79

At what stage of mitosis do the spindle fibers shorten thereby pulling apart sister chromatids?

A) prophase
B) metaphase
C) interphase
D) anaphase
E) telophase

Question 80

Apoptosis

A) occurs in normal cell division.
B) contains several checkpoints.
C) is programmed cell death.
D) is a mechanism of cell repair.
E) ensures equal DNA in cytokinesis.