Deck 15: Juvenile Justice

Question 1

What was the purpose of the creation of a separate juvenile court system?

A)Rehabilitation
B)Deterrence
C)Retribution
D)Vengeance

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a dependency case?

A)When a juvenile is dependent on alcohol or drugs
B)All these answers are correct.
C)When a child's parents cannot or will not care for him or her properly
D)When a juvenile wants to be ruled independent from his or her parents

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which is NOT a status offense?

A)Spray-painting graffiti
B)Running away from home
C)School truancy
D)Curfew violation

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true about juvenile waivers to adult court?

A)It is illegal to transfer juveniles to adult court.
B)All states have a minimum age where juveniles can be transferred to adult court.
C)Juveniles are being transferred to adult court less frequently than in the past twenty years.
D)In the past twenty years,nearly every state has expanded the methods and circumstances under which juveniles can be transferred to adult court.

Question 5

How are modern juvenile courts different from adult criminal courts?

A)There is broader jurisdiction in juvenile courts.
B)There are more procedural rights restrictions in modern juvenile courts.
C)There is no difference between modern juvenile courts and adult courts.
D)There are less procedural rights in modern juvenile courts.

Question 6

Where was the first juvenile court developed?

A)Miami
B)Chicago
C)Boston
D)Denver

Question 7

Which of the following is the maximum age for juvenile court jurisdiction?

A)18
B)17
C)16
D)All these answers are correct.

Question 8

According to English common law,children under ________ could not be criminally prosecuted because they were considered too young to form criminal intent.

A)3
B)7
C)5
D)9

Question 9

The first U.S.institution for juveniles opened in:

A)1925.
B)1825.
C)1725.
D)1625.

Question 10

Jonas committed a battery against a classmate and was detained by local law enforcement.This is the equivalent of being:

A)arrested.
B)questioned.
C)tried.
D)convicteD.

Question 11

Parens patriae literally means:

A)parent of the children.
B)government of the country.
C)parent of the country.
D)government of the children.

Question 12

The policy of parens patriae gives the ________ authority to make decisions about children.

A)parents
B)police
C)child savers
D)government

Question 13

Which statement best explains juvenile crime rates since the 1990s?

A)Juvenile crime rates are considerably higher now than they were in the 1990s.
B)Property crime rates for juveniles are lower now,but violent crimes rates have increased.
C)Juvenile crime rates have been decreasing,especially for violent crimes.
D)Violent crime rates for juveniles are lower now,but property crime rates have increaseD.

Question 14

John is fourteen years old.He is arrested for robbery.The prosecutor and probation officer recommend that he is tried as an adult.The juvenile judge decides that John should be dealt with by the adult criminal court jurisdiction.This is an example of:

A)judicial waiver.
B)statutory exclusion.
C)defense waiver.
D)direct file.

Question 15

Juvenile courts are courts of ________ jurisdiction.

A)general
B)appellate
C)original
D)limited

Question 16

The idea that some children are too young to be criminally prosecuted is known as the:

A)child defense.
B)juvenile defense.
C)infancy defense.
D)adolescent defense.

Question 17

Who were the "child savers"?

A)Upper-class women
B)Upper-class men
C)Lower-class women
D)Lower-class men

Question 18

All of the following were reasons to try young people in juvenile courts rather than adult courts EXCEPT:

A)All of these answers are reasons why young people should be tried in juvenile courts rather than in adult courts.
B)early intervention can lead to full rehabilitation of children.
C)children do not yet have the cognitive ability to fully appreciate the consequences of their actions.
D)adult correctional institutions were dangerous places for children.

Question 19

Aaron is fifteen years old.He is arrested for rape.In the state that Aaron lives in,there is a law that categorically excludes 15-year-olds who commit rape from juvenile court jurisdiction.This is an example of:

A)judicial waiver.
B)defense waiver.
C)statutory exclusion.
D)direct file.

Question 20

Historically,how were juvenile offenders treated?

A)Young offenders were tried by the same courts that tried adults and were subjected to less harsh punishments than adults.
B)Young offenders were tried by juvenile courts and were subjected to more lenient punishments than adults.
C)Young offenders were tried by juvenile courts and were subjected to much harsher punishments than adults.
D)Young offenders were tried by the same courts that tried adults and were subjected to the same sanctions as adults.

Question 21

After the In re Winship decision,what was the standard of proof required in a juvenile case?

A)Probable cause
B)Preponderance of the evidence
C)Beyond a reasonable doubt
D)Beyond reasonable suspicion

Question 22

During which decade did the U.S.Supreme Court start mandating that juveniles be provided more constitutional protection in juvenile court?

A)1960s
B)1890s
C)1920s
D)1990s

Question 23

Nancy is sixteen years old.She is arrested for assault.In the state that Nancy lives in,the prosecutor can choose whether to bring the case to juvenile or adult court.This is an example of:

A)direct file.
B)judicial waiver.
C)statutory exclusion.
D)defense waiver.

Question 24

Before the In re Winship decision,what was the standard of proof required in a juvenile case?

A)Preponderance of the evidence
B)Probable cause
C)Beyond reasonable suspicion
D)Beyond a reasonable doubt

Question 25

Terry was arrested for stealing a car.His case was being heard by a juvenile court judge.The judge adjudicated Terry guilty based on a preponderance of the evidence.This ruling is in violation of which U.S.Supreme Court case?

A)In re Gault
B)Breed v.Jones
C)McKeiver v.Pennsylvania
D)In re Winship

Question 26

Which case changed the standard of proof required in a juvenile court case?

A)In re Gault
B)Breed v.Jones
C)McKeiver v.Pennsylvania
D)In re Winship

Question 27

All of the following are problems with waiving juveniles to adult courts EXCEPT that:

A)waivers perpetuate racial and ethnic biases.
B)prosecutorial waivers result in uneven and unfair patterns of transfers to adult court.
C)waivers send children to adult jails and prisons.
D)waivers send children to adult courts where they are not given their full constitutional protections.

Question 28

Jason was arrested for an offense when he was sixteen.The prosecutors decided to waive his case to adult court;he was then convicted and sent to an adult prison.If this had occurred in 2004,Jason might have been part of the 40 percent of youths in adult prison who had committed a:

A)drug offense.
B)homicide.
C)sex offense.
D)nonviolent offense.

Question 29

Which case decided that police can interrogate children without their parents or attorney present?

A)Fare v.Michael
B)Schall v.Martin
C)Breed v.Jones
D)McKeiver v.Pennsylvania

Question 30

Breed v.Jones decided that:

A)juveniles can be tried in both juvenile and adult courts for the same crime.
B)juveniles can be tried in adult court but punished in juvenile court.
C)double jeopardy applies to juvenile proceedings.
D)juveniles can be tried in juvenile court but punished in adult court.

Question 31

Which case decided that juveniles were not entitled to jury trials?

A)McKeiver v.Pennsylvania
B)In re Winship
C)In re Gault
D)Breed v.Jones

Question 32

Which case was the first case to establish due process for juveniles?

A)McKeiver v.Pennsylvania
B)In re Gault
C)Breed v.Jones
D)In re Winship

Question 33

Which case decided that people younger than eighteen could no longer receive the death penalty as a possible punishment?

A)Schall v.Martin
B)Fare v.Michael
C)McKeiver v.Pennsylvania
D)Roper v.Simmons

Question 34

Which case decided that minors may be subjected to preventive detention?

A)Fare v.Michael
B)McKeiver v.Pennsylvania
C)Schall v.Martin
D)Roper v.Simmons

Question 35

Which of the following is a FALSE statement about the constitutional rights of juveniles?

A)Juveniles have the right to an attorney.
B)Juveniles' due process rights are more limited than adults due process rights.
C)Juveniles have no special rights regarding interrogation.
D)Juveniles have the right to a jury trial.

Question 36

Tommy is a four-year-old boy who was caught stealing from a video store.What will most likely happen to Tommy?

A)He will be referred to criminal court for prosecution.
B)His family will be referred to a social service agency for counseling.
C)His parents will be arrested and charged for theft.
D)He will be referred to juvenile court for adjudication.

Question 37

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the policies of executing juveniles?

A)Most nations (other than the United States)still execute juveniles.
B)Until 2005,children in the United States could be sentenced to death.
C)Between 1976 and 2004,the United States had thousands of juveniles on death row.
D)Today,only people 16 and older are eligible to receive the death penalty in the United States.

Question 38

The In re Gault decision entitled juveniles to all of the following rights EXCEPT the right to:

A)a jury trial.
B)take the assistance of an attorney.
C)be notified of the charges against them.
D)confront and cross-examine witnesses.

Question 39

Juvenile court jurisdiction is defined by:

A)behavior and gender.
B)age and gender.
C)age and behavior.
D)all of these.

Question 40

Harvey was arrested and charged with rape and robbery.He was tried in juvenile court and acquitted by the judge.The prosecutors did not like the verdict in the case,so they decided to direct file his case in the adult criminal court system.This is a violation of the ________ Amendment.

A)Fourth
B)Fifth
C)Sixth
D)Eighth

Question 41

Of all the juveniles arrested,the majority of them were:

A)released by the police department.
B)transferred to adult court.
C)recommended for prosecution within the juvenile court system.
D)handled through other systems and agencies.

Question 42

Preventive detention means that:

A)parents can bring their children to a juvenile detention facility for detention if they cannot control them.
B)children may be detained in a juvenile detention facility before they commit a crime if they display signs that they will be delinquent.
C)children convicted of crimes can be held until they are 21 under juvenile court jurisdiction.
D)children accused of crimes can be held to prevent them from committing additional offenses while their case is pending.

Question 43

How do children enter the juvenile justice system?

A)Referral from school officials
B)Referral from parents or other adults
C)Arrest by police officer
D)All these answers are correct.

Question 44

Intake officers are usually:

A)lawyers.
B)police officers.
C)judges.
D)probation officers.

Question 45

All of the following are problems associated with preventive detention of juveniles EXCEPT:

A)it is used unequally against boys.
B)conditions within detention centers can be poor.
C)it is difficult to determine accurately whether a youth will be dangerous if released.
D)it is used unequally against White children.

Question 46

Where are juveniles adjudicated delinquent housed?

A)County detention facilities
B)State-run facilities
C)Local facilities
D)Group homes

Question 47

The most common disposition for juveniles adjudicated delinquent is:

A)detention.
B)parole.
C)prison.
D)probation.

Question 48

What is needed in order to justify searches of students and their belongings inside public schools?

A)Reasonable suspicion
B)Proof beyond a reasonable doubt
C)A hunch
D)Probable cause

Question 49

Juveniles incarcerated in adult prisons are more likely to ________.

A)successfully complete their sentence
B)attack older inmates
C)recidivate
D)steal from other inmates

Question 50

Don was placed in a diversion program.Which of the following could be his destination?

A)Prison
B)A detention center
C)A substance-abuse program
D)Jail

Question 51

The majority of all delinquency cases are referred by:

A)law enforcement.
B)school officials.
C)other adults.
D)parents.

Question 52

Youths in overcrowded conditions are more likely:

A)face all of these.
B)to be maltreated by staff.
C)to be victimized by other youths.
D)to suffer physical and mental health problems.

Question 53

The type of crime that juvenile detainees are less commonly accused of is:

A)property crimes.
B)drug offenses.
C)crimes against persons
D)public order crimes.

Question 54

Julia was arrested and charged with burglary.At her disposition hearing,the judge decided that Julia did not need a secure custodial setting but that she could not return home.Julia could be placed in a:

A)group home.
B)detention facility.
C)boot camp.
D)state-run prison.

Question 55

Warren was arrested for theft.Police transported Warren to juvenile hall,also known as a juvenile:

A)jail.
B)camp.
C)detention center.
D)prison.

Question 56

Adjudication hearings resemble criminal trials EXCEPT:

A)there is no jury determining if the prosecution has met its burden of proof.
B)there are no transcripts made of the proceedings.
C)the juvenile is not entitled to be represented by an attorney.
D)the case is brought by a prosecutor.

Question 57

In adult criminal cases,offenders are found guilty.In juvenile crime cases,offenders are:

A)adjudicated delinquent.
B)adjudicated criminal.
C)found guilty.
D)adjudicated guilty.

Question 58

Which of the following does NOT happen during the juvenile intake process?

A)An official adjudicates the juvenile delinquent.
B)An official refers the case to court.
C)An official decides whether to release the juvenile.
D)An official puts the juvenile under supervision.

Question 59

Female juvenile inmates develop subcultures to cope with the stress and difficulties of confinement.These subcultures are called:

A)gangs.
B)pseudo families.
C)clusters.
D)cohorts.

Question 60

Which of the following is the most accurate statement when it comes to describing how juvenile offenders are processed?

A)Each state has a set policy as to how all juveniles are to be processed and these policies mirror adult offender processing policies.
B)The process in one state or even county may be quite different from the process elsewhere.
C)None of these answers are correct.
D)There is a national policy as to how all juveniles are to be processeD.

Question 61

A court record that is made inaccessible is:

A)expunged.
B)discarded.
C)filed.
D)sealeD.

Question 62

A direct file is the same thing as a:

A)prosecutorial waiver.
B)defense waiver.
C)statutory waiver.
D)judicial waiver.

Question 63

A court record that is destroyed or made legally unavailable is:

A)sealed.
B)expunged.
C)discarded.
D)fileD.

Question 64

All of the following are alternatives to incarceration EXCEPT:

A)boot camps.
B)day reporting centers.
C)group homes.
D)parole.

Question 65

Which of the following statements is true about juvenile victimization?

A)Younger juveniles have a greater chance of being victimized than older juveniles.
B)Females are more often victimized in violent crimes than males.
C)White juveniles are more likely to be the victims of a homicide than Black juveniles.
D)Juvenile victimization rates increased between 1993 and 2003.

Question 66

Who is required to report any reasonable suspicion of physical or sexual abuse or neglect of a child to the proper law enforcement or protective services?

A)All these answers are correct.
B)Spiritual leaders
C)Nurses
D)Police officers

Question 67

Which of the following relationships is true concerning male and female offenders and their incarceration rates?

A)The number of female offenders is far below than that of male offenders and the incarceration of female juveniles is increasing at a higher rate than that of young males.
B)The number of female offenders is more than that of male offenders and the incarceration of female juveniles is increasing at a higher rate than that of young males.
C)The number of female offenders is far below than that of male offenders and the incarceration of female juveniles is decreasing at a higher rate than that of young males.
D)The number of female offenders is more than that of male offenders and the incarceration of female juveniles is decreasing at a higher rate than that of young males.

Question 68

Which juveniles are incarcerated in numbers out of proportion to their population in the general community?

A)African Americans
B)Hispanics
C)females
D)Whites

Question 69

What happens to a mandated professional who does not follow the mandatory reporting laws of their state?

A)All these answers are correct.
B)Loss of license
C)Arrest
D)Criminal charges

Question 70

Which of the following is NOT one of the responsibilities of child protective services?

A)They arrest juveniles who victimize other juveniles.
B)They investigate allegations of child abuse and neglect.
C)They can remove the child from the home and place him or her in foster care.
D)They train foster parents and act as an adoption agency to help them adopt foster children.

Question 71

Rick is a juvenile charged with aggravated assault and possession of marijuana.The judge in the case believes that Rick needs strict military training and behavior modification to command the attention of his out-of-control delinquent behavior.The judge sentences Rick to a:

A)boot camp.
B)state-run prison.
C)group home.
D)detention facility.