Deck 11: Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague

Question 1

Which of the following resulted from the Hundred Years' War?

A)France became a unified kingdom.
B)The French king had become the indisputable protector of the French people.
C)Both England and France had become modern states.
D)England's wool industry suffered a recession.
E)The French king faced a number of rivals to the throne.

Answer 1

The French king had become the indisputable protector of the French people.

Question 2

The Ciompi was an example of

A)peasant revolts in Italy and Spain.
B)urban unrest in Flanders.
C)the Jacquerie Revolt in France.
D)urban class tensions.
E)attempts by the nobility to reinstate serfdom.

Answer 2

urban class tensions.

Question 3

Which city was ruled by a comparatively cohesive oligarchy that had inherited its authority over generations?

A)Milan
B)Rome
C)Florence
D)Bruges
E)Venice

Answer 3

Venice

Question 4

One of the demands of the Peasants' Revolt of 1381 was

A)reinstatement of the Statute of Laborers.
B)the execution of Wat Tyler and other ministers of the king.
C)a wool guild.
D)participation in communal government.
E)abolition of poll taxes.

Question 5

What best describes labor relations immediately following the Black Death?

A)Landlords imposed serfdom on more peasants to ensure a work force.
B)Most landlords sold off their demesne to peasants.
C)The Statute of Laborers ensured that little change occurred.
D)Peasants demanded, and received, higher wages.
E)With so many deaths, a high labor supply decreased wages.

Question 6

Even before the demographic crisis caused by the Black Death, the population in Europe had declined because of

A)the Hundred Years' War.
B)a smallpox pandemic.
C)famine.
D)the War of the Roses.
E)the bubonic plague.

Question 7

The Hundred Years' War between England and France broke out because of which of the following causes?

A)liege homage and the end of the Capetian dynasty
B)a dispute over the French royal succession
C)conflicts over French and English interests in Flanders
D)the status of Aquitaine and Ponthieu
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 8

The most effective means of increasing productivity and overcoming economic crisis in the Late Middle Ages came from

A)guild supervision and standards.
B)higher wages.
C)technological advances.
D)the Hanseatic League and similar trade associations.
E)the decline in guilds.

Question 9

Which best describes patterns of living a generation after the Black Death?

A)More fertile soil allowed a greater diversity of diet, including more meat, fruit, and cheese.
B)Economic collapse led to a decline in housing.
C)Rural settlement patterns became more dispersed.
D)Sumptuary legislation declined as class distinctions became blurred.
E)Disposable wealth declined.

Question 10

Which of the following factors contributed to the instability of the nobility?

A)dynastic instability
B)livery
C)divisions within the nobility
D)loss of feudal privileges
E)expansion of papal authority

Question 11

The Statute of Laborers of 1351 attempted to

A)fix prices and wages at pre-plague levels.
B)remove serfs from enclosed lands.
C)allow landlords to re-impose serfdom on their peasants.
D)establish a correlation between prices and wages.
E)abolish serfdom.

Question 12

By the best estimates, the population of Europe fell by how much due to the Black Death and subsequent plagues?

A)10-20%
B)less than 20%
C)about one-quarter
D)one-third to half
E)almost two-thirds

Question 13

Companies of adventure were

A)the Hanseatic League.
B)guilds of overseas (long-distance) merchants.
C)mercenary armies.
D)business partnerships involving trade to China and India.
E)the participants in England's War of the Roses.

Question 14

For economic and defensive reasons, Venice built an industrial complex known as

A)the Sorbonne.
B)the Ducat.
C)the Arsenal.
D)the Visconti.
E)Il Cosimo.

Question 15

Which conflict decimated the ranks of the English nobility and established Henry Tudor as King of England?

A)the Hundred Years' War
B)the Peasants' Revolt
C)the War of the Roses
D)the Yorkists' War
E)the Henrican Revolt

Question 16

Why did the average life expectancy fall during the Black Death?

A)The plague affected mostly the elderly, especially women.
B)The principle victims were infants and young adults.
C)There was high infant and elderly mortality.
D)Women had higher resistance to the plague.
E)Young adults had better immunity to the plague.

Question 17

Which section of the population was most struck by the Black Death?

A)elderly men and pregnant women
B)elderly men and women
C)urban dwellers
D)serfs and peasants
E)All segments were affected by the pandemic.

Question 18

Which of the following men invented movable metal type?

A)Henry De Vick
B)Konrad Kyeser
C)Iascopo Mariano of Sienna
D)Johannes Gutenberg
E)William Paston

Question 19

The Hanseatic League monopolized trade in the

A)Mediterranean Sea.
B)Hanse Sea.
C)Adriatic and Black seas.
D)English Channel.
E)Baltic and North seas.

Question 20

In France the need for new taxes to support the Hundred Years' War against the English led to

A)Parliament's increased role in government.
B)a decline in Parliament's ability to impose new taxes.
C)the monarchy's right to impose national taxes without consent of the Estates General.
D)the right of the House of Commons to initiate all tax legislation.
E)the levying of an annual poll tax.

Question 21

How did the Black Death contribute to the socioeconomic causes that motivated peasants to revolt in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries?

Question 22

In what ways did standards of living improve after the famines, plagues, and wars?

Question 23

What are the problems encountered by the historian in understanding the status of women in the late medieval period?

Question 24

How accurately do the depictions of architecture found in this chapter reflect the realities of urban living in the Late Middle Ages?

Question 25

How would you evaluate the status of women in the aftermath of the Black Death? How influential was misogyny in limiting women's activities and achievements?

Question 26

How does the painting of the English Peasants' Revolt depicted in this chapter portray peasants in contrast to the king's soldiers?

Question 27

In what ways did efficiency lie at the heart of many of the technological innovations that came into use in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries? Use specific examples.

Question 28

Which of the following does NOT accurately describe women's experiences in the Middle Ages?

A)Women recovered more quickly than men from the plague and other diseases.
B)The population of women shrank in this period.
C)Some historians consider this period a golden age for women.
D)More women found work in urban centers.
E)Women remained marginalized from political life in guilds and governments.

Question 29

Which best describes the political map of Italy north of Rome after the fourteenth century?

A)the Lombard League ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor
B)small free communes
C)small republics replacing the communes
D)regional states dominated by a single city
E)a loose confederation of Papal States

Question 30

Consider map 11.1.What does the course of the plague reveal about trade routes and the flow of goods from the east to Europe?

Question 31

In light of the debate over the status of women during the Middle Ages, how would you interpret the painting of Christine de Pisan seen in this chapter?

Question 32

What kinds of obstacles to consolidation did the leaders of the Italian states confront in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries?

Question 33

How did urban revolts differ from rural ones?

Question 34

Did the Black Death cause or merely accelerate political unrest in the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries?

Question 35

Explore the symbolism of the investiture of Gian Galeazzo Visconti portrayed in this chapter.What do the different spectators represent? How is Visconti situated in the painting?

Question 36

Which of the following best describes the consequence of the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks in 1453?

A)economic contraction for the Italian city-states because of the disruption of Mediterranean trade
B)increased warfare between the Latin West and the Ottoman Turks because the military barrier Byzantium had provided now disappeared
C)exodus of Byzantine scholars to the West
D)symbolic and psychological shock
E)a significant interruption of East-West trade

Question 37

Why did the nobility experience instability in the Late Middle Ages? In what ways did that instability lead to the Hundred Years' War?

Question 38

How did the role of representative institutions differ in France and England during and after the Hundred Years' War? Why?

Question 39

Examine maps 11.2 and 11.3.Why did technology and trade spread along waterways during the medieval period?

Question 40

The Peace of Lodi in 1454 established an alliance system that

A)employed diplomacy as the primary method to maintain peace.
B)counterbalanced the Lombard League to keep the peace in Italy.
C)attempted to ensure a balance of power against the Kingdom of Naples and Sicily.
D)assisted the king of Austria against the Turks.
E)fought against the growing strength of the Papal States in central Italy.

Question 41

Review the feature entitled "The Trial of Joan of Arc" in this chapter.Why do you think the Burgundians considered Joan a witch and a heretic?

Question 42

Review the feature entitled "The Trial of Joan of Arc" in this chapter.What inspired Joan of Arc more, her faith or her loyalty to the French king? How were those factors related?

Question 43

Review the feature entitled "Boccaccio on the Black Death" in this chapter.How accurately does Boccaccio evaluate the causes, spread, and treatment of the plague?

Question 44

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Wat Tyler.

Question 45

Review the feature entitled "Boccaccio on the Black Death" in this chapter.In what ways does Boccaccio's account of the plague reveal the despair that accompanied the disease?

Question 46

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Edward III.

Question 47

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Crécy.

Question 48

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Burgundy.

Question 49

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Christine de Pisan.

Question 50

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Calais.

Question 51

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Aquitaine.

Question 52

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Johannes Gutenberg.

Question 53

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: bubonic plague.

Question 54

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Black Death.

Question 55

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: the Black Prince.

Question 56

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: taille.

Question 57

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: John II.

Question 58

Review the feature entitled "The Trial of Joan of Arc" in this chapter.On the basis of this passage, do you think that misogyny played in role in the trial and execution of Joan of Arc?

Question 59

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Konrad Kyeser.

Question 60

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Joan of Arc.

Question 61

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: York.

Question 62

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: misogyny.

Question 63

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Peace of Lodi.

Question 64

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: pneumonic plague.

Question 65

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Poitiers.

Question 66

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Rouen.

Question 67

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Henry De Vick.

Question 68

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Ciompi.

Question 69

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Gian Galeazzo Visconti.

Question 70

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Gascony.

Question 71

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Treaty of Troyes.

Question 72

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: English Peasants' Revolt.

Question 73

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Philip VI.

Question 74

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Hundred Years' War.

Question 75

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Henry VI.

Question 76

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Charles V.

Question 77

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Hanseatic League.

Question 78

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: movable metal type.

Question 79

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Henry V.

Question 80

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: the Arsenal.