Deck 10: The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States

Question 1

Book transfers were

A)a form of credit.
B)a limited partnership.
C)a form of maritime insurance.
D)double-entry accounting.
E)usury.

Answer 1

a form of credit.

Question 2

During the High Middle Ages, the bureaucracies of England and France became increasingly staffed with

A)canon lawyers.
B)bishops.
C)Knights of the Shire.
D)merchants.
E)university-trained lawyers.

Answer 2

university-trained lawyers.

Question 3

The Medici Bank formed a type of

A)wool and wool-cloth guild.
B)artisan guild.
C)limited partnership.
D)Chambre de Cheque.
E)Estates General.

Answer 3

limited partnership.

Question 4

The papacy remained in the city of Avignon for 68 years because

A)of pressure from the Holy Roman Emperor.
B)the College of Cardinals kept electing Frenchmen to the position of pope.
C)of the hostility of Roman nobles.
D)of the War of the Sicilian Vespers.
E)of the support of the Estates General.

Question 5

Christians were forbidden to loan money at interest because

A)limited partnerships made it illegal.
B)maritime insurance rates already included profits from interest.
C)money could not make money.
D)according to canon law, only Italian banks, such as the Medici, could charge interest.
E)the Alfonsine Table included profits from interest on bills of exchange.

Question 6

The style of urban government in which members take an oath of permanent association is called

A)a staple.
B)a Cortes.
C)a Parlement.
D)limited partnerships.
E)a commune.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes urban women in the High Middle Ages?

A)Their dower became a significant addition to the household economy.
B)Most became servants both before and after marriage.
C)Occupations such as merchant and artisan became available to women because of commercial expansion.
D)They became valuable assets within merchant and artisan household economies.
E)They married later.

Question 8

The Statutes of the Realm of Edward I changed law in England because

A)they were printed and marked the first written law in England.
B)they marked the precedent of changing law by legislation.
C)they were the first laws established by Parliament.
D)they represented law by declaration and administrative fiat.
E)they marked laws legislated separately by the House of Commons and the House of Lords.

Question 9

The Golden Bull of Charles IV of the Holy Roman Empire

A)confirmed the independence of the Swiss Cantons.
B)splintered southeast Europe into small territories, a process often called "Balkanization."
C)set the number of electors of the emperor at seven.
D)invalidated Boniface VIII's bull Clericos Laicos.
E)recognized the payment of tribute to Ghengis Khan and the Golden Horde.

Question 10

The rise and eventual independence of the Principality of Moscow came about in part because of

A)the support of the Golden Horde.
B)the talents of early princes.
C)the support of the Roman Church.
D)conquest, marriage alliances, and partible inheritance.
E)the support of the tsar of Russia and the Orthodox Church.

Question 11

Much of the character of Russian tsarist rule comes from

A)Persia.
B)the Holy Roman Empire.
C)the Khanate of the Golden Horde.
D)the Republic of Novgorod.
E)the Byzantine Empire.

Question 12

Which noble, in order to enlarge his power base against Henry III, included two knights from every shire when he summoned Parliament in 1265?

A)Philip II Augustus
B)Duke of Normandy
C)Philip the Fair
D)Edmund of Northumbria
E)Simon de Montfort

Question 13

The Mongol policy of rule in Russia entailed

A)removing Orthodox Christianity and replacing it with Roman Christianity.
B)imposition of Mongol culture and language.
C)resettlement of the Slavs in the Lithuanian "Mesopotamia" between the Loire and Volga rivers.
D)self-rule as long as tribute was paid to the Khans.
E)assimilation.

Question 14

Which of the following was usually NOT included in town regulations and expenses?

A)street cleaning
B)curfews
C)the condemnation of prostitution
D)the segregation of businesses such as butchering
E)regulation of weights and measures

Question 15

The House of Commons consists of

A)Knights of the Shire.
B)representatives for the larger towns.
C)Knights of the Shire and Convocations.
D)town representatives and Knights of the Shire.
E)lower-rank nobility and town representatives.

Question 16

Meetings of the Great Councils during the reign of Henry III were known as

A)convocations.
B)the House of Lords.
C)parliaments.
D)king's council (curia regis).
E)model councils.

Question 17

Philip IV called the Estates General during his reign in order to

A)inform the assemblies of his policies.
B)confiscate property from Jews.
C)vote in new taxes and revenues.
D)seek their approval to confiscate the property of the Knights Templars.
E)receive their advice regarding Boniface VIII and the Unam Sanctam.

Question 18

Urban males tended to marry later in life because

A)household sizes were small.
B)of urban out-migration.
C)of urban in-migration.
D)of apprenticeships.
E)of rural out-migration.

Question 19

The invention of the loom

A)allowed women to form guilds of spinners.
B)increased the development of fulling mills.
C)moved cloth production from the household to the shop.
D)destroyed the cloth monopoly of the Fair of St.Omer.
E)undermined guilds of weavers.

Question 20

Which of the following resisted the consolidation that took place during Philip IV's rule?

A)England
B)Flanders
C)the Papal States
D)Brittany and Normandy
E)Ile-de-France and Aquitaine

Question 21

How did guilds protect the interests of their members? What benefits accompanied membership in a guild?

Question 22

How do the illustrations depicted throughout this chapter reveal the transformations taking place in production and commerce during the High Middle Ages?

Question 23

Describe urban life for women during the High Middle Ages.What kinds of opportunities did urban life offer women? What kinds of obstacles did they encounter?

Question 24

The Beguines were

A)women in the Dominican order.
B)the Third Order of the Franciscans.
C)examples of pious laity formed into semi-monastic groups.
D)heretics.
E)the elites of the Cathari.

Question 25

What do the illustrations seen in this chapter tell us about the role of women in the new spiritualism that flourished in the High Middle Ages?

Question 26

Discuss the challenges facing a maritime merchant in the medieval period.What kinds of technological, legal, managerial, and organizational ingredients were essential for success?

Question 27

Why did neither feudal nor canon law provide adequate regulation for trade and commerce? How did medieval townspeople resolve this problem?

Question 28

The two mendicant orders (Dominicans and Franciscans) that had helped the Church reform itself and combat heresy began to lose effectiveness because

A)both had become very wealthy.
B)both orders had split apart.
C)of rivalries between the Conventual Franciscans and Spiritual Dominicans.
D)mendicant orders began to undermine papal authority.
E)many prospective mendicants became Beguines or Beghars during the fourteenth century.

Question 29

How did Philip IV expand and enhance his hold over France? Cite specific examples in your answer.

Question 30

How did people respond to the crisis of the papacy in the High Middle Ages? Why did the response to the crisis involve lay people?

Question 31

The Unam Sanctam of Boniface VIII

A)declared Philip IV must submit to Edward I.
B)recognized transubstantiation as the one and true nature of the sacrament of the Eucharist.
C)forbid all clergy to make payments to kings without papal approval.
D)damned Philip IV unless he submitted to papal authority.
E)declared the Roman Church the only true church and thus made the schism with the Greek Orthodox Church formal and final.

Question 32

"The Third Rome" refers to

A)the rebuilding of Constantinople after attacks by the Mongols.
B)the relocation of Byzantine rule after the invasions of the Ottoman Turks.
C)Moscow as the center of the Christian world after the fall of Constantinople.
D)Ivan the Terrible's conquest of the Golden Horde.
E)the Russian Empire.

Question 33

Examine map 10.2.What challenges did the Muscovites face in the area surrounding their base in Moscow? How did they overcome those challenges?

Question 34

Beatrice in The Divine Comedy illustrates

A)papal authority.
B)reason and deductive thought.
C)revelation and grace.
D)human spirituality.
E)divine love and passion.

Question 35

Compare the expansion of Muscovite control in Russia to the tactics employed by the English or French monarchs.

Question 36

How would you evaluate the papacy's strength in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries?

Question 37

Much like St.Anselm's proof of God, St.Bonaventure's was based on

A)Scholasticism.
B)deductive logic.
C)Thomism (the system of thought developed by St.Thomas Aquinas).
D)intuited principles.
E)Aristotle.

Question 38

How did cultural developments in the High Middle Ages resonate with medieval culture on the one hand, but on the other, herald the emergence of new ways of thinking?

Question 39

Consider the illustrations in this chapter depicting women engaged in commercial pursuits.What roles did women play in the medieval economy?

Question 40

What were the responsibilities of the English Parliament? How was the Parliament's power limited?

Question 41

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: royal charter.

Question 42

Review the "Unam Sanctam" feature in this chapter.Explain the symbolic significance of the "material sword" and the "spiritual sword." How were they related?

Question 43

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Balkanization.

Question 44

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Statutes of the Realm.

Question 45

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Henry III.

Question 46

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Simon de Montfort.

Question 47

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Ivan I of Muscovy.

Question 48

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: usury.

Question 49

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: apprenticeship.

Question 50

Review the feature entitled "The Craft Weavers of Silk Kerchiefs at Paris" in this chapter.How did guild regulations ensure a quality product at a reasonable price?

Question 51

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Luxemburgs.

Question 52

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: double-entry bookkeeping.

Question 53

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: dowry.

Question 54

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: House of Commons.

Question 55

Review the feature entitled "The Craft Weavers of Silk Kerchiefs at Paris" in this chapter.How were guild regulations used to limit competition and to ensure the dominance of master artisans?

Question 56

Review the "Unam Sanctam" feature in this chapter.How do these assertions of papal power represent the ongoing struggle between the Church and secular rulers since the conflict between Pope Gregory VII and the German emperor Henry IV over a century earlier?

Question 57

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Estates General.

Question 58

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: putting-out system.

Question 59

Review the feature entitled "The Beguinage of Saint Elizabeth in Ghent (1328)" in this chapter.In what ways did the members of this community conform to the ways of a traditional Benedictine monastery or convent?

Question 60

Review the feature entitled "The Beguinage of Saint Elizabeth in Ghent (1328)" in this chapter.Why was the ecclesiastical hierarchy both supportive and wary of the Beguines and similar groups?

Question 61

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Dante Alighieri.

Question 62

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: the Golden Horde.

Question 63

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: book transfer.

Question 64

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Edward I.

Question 65

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: House of Lords.

Question 66

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: William of Ockham.

Question 67

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: bill of exchange.

Question 68

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Unam Sanctam.

Question 69

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: commune.

Question 70

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: St.Bonaventure.

Question 71

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Parliament.

Question 72

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Boniface VIII.

Question 73

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: guild.

Question 74

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Philip IV.

Question 75

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: tsar.

Question 76

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Beguines.

Question 77

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Habsburgs.

Question 78

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Ivan III.

Question 79

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Alfonsine Tables.

Question 80

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Michael VIII Palaeologus.