Deck 8: Restoration of an Ordered Society

Question 1

What promoted the formation of the feudal system?

A)overpopulation in Europe, requiring new means of government regulation
B)increased agricultural production
C)chaotic conditions and the need for security
D)the growing influence of the Church, promoting readjustment of political institutions
E)lawyers beginning to clarify, define, and regulate patron/client relationships

Answer 1

chaotic conditions and the need for security

Question 2

All of the following were true of the Mediterranean trade EXCEPT that

A)Europeans obtained medicines, perfumes, and other rare items.
B)Europe provided wood, iron, grain and agricultural commodities.
C)North Africa traded animal products and gold.
D)cloth increasingly played a role in the trade.
E)with the rise of the cloth trade, Europeans spent much of their precious metals.

Answer 2

with the rise of the cloth trade, Europeans spent much of their precious metals.

Question 3

The term "villein" describes

A)small villages in northern Italy.
B)units of feudal political jurisdiction.
C)an unfree peasant who worked in agriculture in England and France.
D)the lord to whom a vassal owed primary loyalty.
E)a vassal of the lowest rank.

Answer 3

an unfree peasant who worked in agriculture in England and France.

Question 4

Germany showed a pattern of development different than that of France or England because

A)it kept a strong tradition of elective kingship.
B)Germany was far from a hostile frontier and could develop more peacefully.
C)authority in France and England was concentrated among territorial nobles.
D)English and French kings depended on their parliaments to govern effectively.
E)of the strong role of the curia regis in Germany.

Question 5

The pattern of feudal development in France differed from that of England because

A)the English king only had a vague prestige over his vassals.
B)the French king and the Church were constantly fighting over prestige.
C)English kings only desired a federation of fiefs bound by loyalty.
D)England was much larger and contained more cultural diversity than France.
E)French kings had to deal with a larger country encompassing greater diversity.

Question 6

The Domesday Book is

A)the record of the Gregorian reform of the Church.
B)the record of criminal punishments handed down by Henry I's "justices in eyre."
C)the chronicle of Robert of Normandy's capture of Jerusalem by the crusaders.
D)a comprehensive survey of land in England compiled by William the Conqueror.
E)the Court of Exchequer's record of debts owed to the Duke of Normandy.

Question 7

Glebe land is the

A)land on a manor owned by the lord.
B)area conquered by the crusades in Palestine.
C)land under the protection of the Teutonic Knights.
D)land reserved on a manor for the parish priest.
E)land owned by a castellan.

Question 8

The obligations due a serf to his lord usually included

A)yearly rent on land.
B)work three days a week on the demesne.
C)paying a fine for leaving the manor.
D)paying an inheritance tax.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 9

Manorialism refers to

A)relationships between lords and vassals.
B)urbanization and the development of guilds between 1050 and 1300.
C)a lord's control over the serfs on his fief.
D)the economic organization of agricultural production.
E)the growth of royal justice.

Question 10

An excellent example of the "Ottonian Renaissance" is

A)the Domesday Book.
B)the extension of German imperial authority during the second age of feudalism.
C)the victory of the German emperor over the Church in the Investiture Controversy.
D)Roswitha of Gandersheim.
E)Tancred de Hauteville.

Question 11

Classic feudalism never had much influence in

A)England.
B)Sicily and southern Italy.
C)the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
D)France.
E)Celtic areas.

Question 12

Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of the period 1000-1150?

A)abolishment by kings of feudal ties, to establish government and extend royal power
B)papacy consolidated power
C)growth of towns and trade
D)monastic reform
E)the crusades

Question 13

Otto I used bishops and abbots to administrate his empire because

A)Germany had no concept of "liege lord" and therefore Otto had little authority over vassals.
B)they had no hereditary claims to their fiefs.
C)he had few financial resources and therefore relied on the wealth of the Church and its officials to govern.
D)with little education, Otto could intimidate Church officials with his authority and power.
E)the "Ottonian Renaissance" promoted the Church in the governance of the empire.

Question 14

Primogeniture describes

A)glebe lands belonging to priests.
B)large dowries inherited by daughters.
C)the equal division of property among sons and daughters.
D)the eldest son inheriting a fief.
E)the removal of secular interference in the election of bishops.

Question 15

Towns during the High Middle Ages differed from towns before that time, in that after ca.1000 towns became

A)administrative centers as well as centers of defense.
B)the primary residences of bishops and other high Church officials.
C)increasingly under the authority of feudal lords.
D)industrial and commercial centers.
E)ecclesiastical centers of administration.

Question 16

The Parliament of Britain today is a direct descendant of

A)the Exchequer.
B)the papal curia.
C)the curia regis.
D)the king's Privy Council.
E)the College of Cardinals.

Question 17

Feudalism describes

A)a patron/client relationship between two freemen.
B)the program of Church reform initiated by Pope Gregory VII.
C)the labor due from a serf to his lord.
D)the Church's right to invest the clergy with the symbols of ecclesiastical office.
E)agricultural production on a manor.

Question 18

A fief is

A)a style of armor developed around 1000 A.D.to protect knights.
B)a tax paid by serfs to their lords on the marriage of their eldest daughter.
C)land or money offered by families to attract a suitable husband for a daughter.
D)a lord's concession of land to a vassal, which imposed obligations upon both.
E)a form of heroic epic, best seen in The Song of Roland.

Question 19

Subinfeudation describes

A)the process in which a lord retains rights of wardship over a vassal's children.
B)a re-granting of a portion of a fief to another vassal.
C)the feudal custom of liege loyalty to subordinates.
D)a process in which a fief is invested by the lord.
E)the inheritance of a fief by a woman without paying a fine.

Question 20

What was the most distinctive feature of twelfth-century urban life?

A)social hierarchy dominated by a closed aristocracy of patricians
B)nobles and great landlords moving from the country into towns
C)the dominance of artisans and craftspeople in urban government
D)the decline in overseas trade
E)opportunities for vertical social mobility

Question 21

What prompted the efforts to reform the Church from within in the eleventh and twelfth centuries?

Question 22

The primary issue surrounding the Investiture Controversy involved

A)the election of the pope by the College of Cardinals.
B)the "investing" and interference of Church officials in the financial policies of the English Exchequer.
C)the claims of laymen to dispose of ecclesiastical offices and revenues by their own authority.
D)the extension of the jurisdiction of the papal curia at the expense of the curia regis.
E)the selection of the king of Jerusalem from among the leaders of the First Crusade.

Question 23

Feudalism and manorialism are often discussed as separate systems.How were they in fact closely related?

Question 24

Contrast urban and rural life in the age of feudalism.Which offered more security? Which offered more opportunities?

Question 25

What were the feudal, dynastic, and social repercussions of the practice of primogeniture?

Question 26

How do the careers of Tancred de Hauteville's sons illustrate the ethos and dynamics of feudalism?

Question 27

Based on the illustrations seen in this chapter, what roles did women play in the feudal order?

Question 28

Describe the physical layout of the manor depicted in map 8.1.How did the typical manor incorporate the agricultural innovations of the Early Middle Ages?

Question 29

Consider the illustrations of peasant life seen in this chapter.How affluent are the peasants pictured in these works of art?

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a result of the crusades?

A)stimulation of Mediterranean trade
B)improvement of relations with the Byzantine Empire
C)establishment of permanent feudal territories in Palestine
D)pogroms against non-Christians, especially Jews
E)encouragement of exploration of different cultures by Western Europeans

Question 31

The primary goal of papal reform was to

A)enforce lay investiture.
B)eliminate the College of Cardinals from the election of the pope.
C)free the papacy from military dependence on the German Empire.
D)deprive Henry IV of his empire.
E)abolish the decrees of the Concordat of Worms.

Question 32

What were the motives behind the crusades? Evaluate their outcomes.

Question 33

What factors led to the expansion of trade and re-urbanization of Europe in the eleventh and twelfth centuries?

Question 34

How did the crusades set the stage for later developments in Europe?

Question 35

How does the Investiture Controversy reflect both papal reform and the growth of feudal principalities?

Question 36

The Concordat of Worms

A)demanded Henry IV resign as Holy Roman Emperor.
B)forced Gregory VII to abandon Rome.
C)stipulated that lay rulers could no longer invest prelates with the symbols of their office.
D)excommunicated the Holy Roman Emperor.
E)prevented the presence of the emperor or his representative at elections of imperial bishops and abbots.

Question 37

Consider maps 8.3 and 8.5.What do you think might be the relationship between the crusades and preexisting trade routes? To what degree do you think that the Byzantine Empire had buffered Western Europe from the Islamic empire?

Question 38

In promoting papal reform, Gregory VII (1073-1085) asserted that

A)the College of Cardinals should be abolished because it limited the authority of the pope.
B)lay investiture should be legal.
C)the selection of the pope can only occur through simony.
D)all Christian princes must answer to the pope in spiritual matters.
E)emperors and kings should be involved in the election of the pope.

Question 39

Compare the reforms of Henry I to those of Charlemagne.

Question 40

One of the reasons for the success of the First Crusade (1097-99) is

A)the Popular Crusade a year before had softened up the Muslims.
B)Muslim converts to Christianity diminished the ranks of the Muslim army.
C)the military tactics of Richard I of England and Philip II of France.
D)the Seljuk Turks had yet to consolidate their rule.
E)large-scale naval and logistic support from Italy and France.

Question 41

Consider the illustrations of the crusades depicted in this chapter.How are the crusaders portrayed? What do you think the role of women might have been in the crusades?

Question 42

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: glebe land.

Question 43

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: primogeniture.

Question 44

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: excommunication.

Question 45

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Norman Conquest.

Question 46

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: patricians.

Question 47

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: fealty.

Question 48

Review the feature entitled "Gregory VII's Letter to the German Nobility after Canossa" in this chapter.Why would Gregory VII have a "hard heart" against Henry IV?

Question 49

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: investiture.

Question 50

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Reconquista.

Question 51

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: demesne.

Question 52

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: serfs.

Question 53

Review the feature entitled "A Twelfth-Century Description of London" in this chapter.How does William Fitz Stephen's description of London in the twelfth century illustrate the expansion of trade and travel during that period?

Question 54

Review the feature entitled "Gregory VII's Letter to the German Nobility after Canossa" in this chapter.Why would Henry IV subject himself to Gregory VII in order to return "into the favor of communion" of the Church?

Question 55

Review the feature entitled "Louis VI Subdues a Violent Baron" in this chapter.How does this account reflect the relationship between lord and vassal inherent in feudalism?

Question 56

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: feudalism.

Question 57

Review the feature entitled "A Twelfth-Century Description of London" in this chapter.What does the account imply about life and living conditions in a medieval city?

Question 58

Review the feature entitled "Louis VI Subdues a Violent Baron" in this chapter.What is the Church's role in this account?

Question 59

How is Henry IV depicted in the illustration found in this chapter? What do you think the artist thought of the Investiture Controversy?

Question 60

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: boon work.

Question 61

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: subinfeudation.

Question 62

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Pope Urban II.

Question 63

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: vassalage.

Question 64

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: knighthood.

Question 65

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Concordat of Worms.

Question 66

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: spices.

Question 67

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: papal curia.

Question 68

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Otto I.

Question 69

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Domesday Book.

Question 70

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Exchequer.

Question 71

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: fief.

Question 72

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Saladin.

Question 73

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Cluniac monasteries.

Question 74

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: liege lord.

Question 75

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: chansons de geste.

Question 76

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Ottonian Renaissance.

Question 77

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: The Alexiad.

Question 78

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Gregory VII.

Question 79

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: manorialism.

Question 80

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Hospitalers.