Deck 20: The French Revolution

Question 1

Which of the following was NOT a reform measure carried out by the Assembly between 1789 and 1791?

A)granting universal suffrage
B)abolishing the nobility as a legal group
C)limiting the king's power to veto legislation
D)abolishing the historic provinces of France
E)creating a clear separation of powers

Answer 1

granting universal suffrage

Question 2

The cahiers, the grievance petitions drawn up by the local parishes,

A)expressed views that were far more radical than those of the leaders of the Revolution.
B)made frequent references to concepts of natural rights and popular sovereignty.
C)revealed a strong desire for a written constitution along the American model.
D)raised expectations of change.
E)called for the abdication of the king.

Answer 2

raised expectations of change.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT true of the foreign policy of the French Republic?

A)Feudal practices and hereditary privileges were abolished wherever French armies prevailed.
B)Belgium was incorporated into France.
C)Patriots from other lands looked to the French revolutionaries to liberate their own countries.
D)The Revolution's leaders set out consciously to overthrow the "old regime" across Europe.
E)Liberated peoples would pay special taxes and provide supplies.

Answer 3

The Revolution's leaders set out consciously to overthrow the "old regime" across Europe.

Question 4

Which was NOT a reason why the reform policies of Joseph II of Austria were largely unsuccessful?

A)The peasantry allied with Joseph in his attempts to abolish serfdom, thus sparking a revolt by the nobility.
B)Joseph's autocratic imposition of reforms without consultation alienated many of his subjects.
C)Joseph's interference with the clergy upset Catholics who preferred traditional practices.
D)Joseph tried to stifle opposition to his ideas.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 5

Which is NOT true of the sans-culottes?

A)They advocated the abolition of private property.
B)They favored regulation of the economy in order to assure the basic necessities of life.
C)Women were among their most active members.
D)They attacked opulence and pretension.
E)They favored participatory democracy.

Question 6

The Revolution granted women

A)the right to vote, if they met tax requirements.
B)equal access to political office.
C)an equal share of their family's estate.
D)primary education for girls.
E)an equal share of their family's estate and primary education for girls.

Question 7

The rebellion of Britain's North American colonies was unique among the social conflicts prior to 1789 because

A)conflicts between elites and commoners were less severe than elsewhere.
B)the revolutionaries appealed not to hereditary privileges but to theories of natural rights and popular sovereignty.
C)a centralizing monarch attempted to impose tax reform and administrative efficiency without sufficient consultation.
D)conflicts between elites and commoners were less severe than elsewhere and the revolutionaries appealed not to hereditary privileges but to theories of natural rights and popular sovereignty.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 8

The delegates elected to represent the Third Estate in the Estates General were primarily

A)peasants, craftsmen, merchants, and professionals.
B)lawyers and officials.
C)merchants, bankers, and lawyers.
D)artisans, merchants, and professionals.
E)clergy.

Question 9

Which of the following changes did the National Convention make in the military?

A)It introduced a draft of all unmarried men between 18 and 25.
B)It exempted the middle class from the draft.
C)It provided for the election of all officers by the troops.
D)It established civilian control over the military.
E)It both introduced a draft of all unmarried men between 18 and 25 and established civilian control over the military.

Question 10

The French fiscal crisis was caused by

A)the cost of intervention in the American Revolution.
B)heavy government borrowing at a high rate of interest.
C)a narrow tax base.
D)taxes on land weighed heavily on peasants.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 11

Legislation passed by the Assembly in 1790

A)allowed a national Church council to select priests and bishops.
B)forced parishioners to support the clergy with tithes.
C)nationalized Church property and issued paper money backed by the land.
D)created a separation of church and state similar to that in the American political system.
E)outlawed the Church.

Question 12

The leading group of radical democrats in Paris after the fall of the monarchy was known as

A)the Mountain.
B)the Girondins.
C)the Jacobins.
D)the sans-culottes.
E)the levée en masse.

Question 13

The French Revolution became violent because

A)the king brought troops into Paris to suppress the National Assembly.
B)unemployment was high and there were bread shortages.
C)Parisians feared an aristocratic plot against the Third Estate.
D)the king dismissed Necker, who was considered an ally of reform.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 14

The Girondins advocated

A)an end to the chaos to assure the survival of the Revolution.
B)forcing the peasants to provide food for Paris.
C)provincial liberty and laissez-faire economics.
D)the mobilization of the sans-culottes.
E)radicalism.

Question 15

The program of public safety advocated by the sans-culottes included

A)price controls.
B)forced requisitions of grain supplies.
C)the execution of hoarders.
D)the purge of the Girondins.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 16

The Assembly extended civil and political equality to

A)women.
B)Jews.
C)mulattoes.
D)Jews and free people of color.
E)propertied women.

Question 17

In August 1789, the National Assembly took which of the following measures to deal with peasant unrest?

A)The Assembly denounced the peasants.
B)The Assembly organized brigands to protect the property of the nobility.
C)The Assembly decreed the end of feudalism.
D)The Assembly organized brigands to protect the peasants' claims.
E)The Assembly abolished private property.

Question 18

Opposition to the Revolution and the National Assembly came from

A)a large segment of the clergy.
B)émigré nobles.
C)the monarchy.
D)other European monarchs.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 19

The French Revolution was precipitated by

A)the impending bankruptcy of the monarchy.
B)the writings of the philosophes.
C)the selfishness of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette.
D)secret clubs financed by Britain.
E)a peasant rebellion.

Question 20

The enlightened monarchs of Europe

A)fully supported the philosophes' views on freedom of expression and thought.
B)believed in sharing political power with responsible segments of the public.
C)accepted their duty to provide a well-administered state.
D)seldom involved themselves in matters relating to the Church.
E)strove to minimize their own authority over their subjects.

Question 21

Why do you think the figures in revolutionary iconography as seen in this chapter underwent a transition from female to male figures?

Question 22

Discuss the political ideal and practices of the sans-culottes.How did they differ from those of the Jacobins?

Question 23

How do the images of the Estates General and tennis court oath seen in this chapter illustrate the transition from monarchical to representative governments?

Question 24

Analyze the process in which the French Revolution became more and more radical to such a point that it "devoured its own children."

Question 25

Was the Second French Revolution an elite or a popular movement?

Question 26

The most important figure on the Committee of Public Safety was

A)Robespierre.
B)Danton.
C)Hébert.
D)Marat.
E)Jacobin.

Question 27

How does the illustration seen in this chapter show the process of "dechristianization"?

Question 28

Privilege was an impediment to reform in eighteenth-century Europe.Discuss some of the efforts to reduce or eliminate privilege.How did the privileged classes respond to these efforts?

Question 29

"The French monarchy was absolute, but not absolute enough." What is the meaning of this statement, and does it contribute to an understanding of why revolution broke out in France and not elsewhere?

Question 30

The American colonies of Britain shared in the revolutionary impulses that swept across late eighteenth-century Europe, yet the political changes that occurred there were very different.How did the American colonies differ from the European states, and what made their revolution unique?

Question 31

The work done by the National Assembly before 1792 implemented sweeping changes in French society and institutions.Summarize these reforms.

Question 32

What do the illustrations found in this chapter indicate about the use of violence during the French Revolution?

Question 33

How are the three estates depicted in the pamphlet found in this chapter?

Question 34

Compare and contrast the American and French revolutions.Which seems more "revolutionary" in terms of political theory and socioeconomic grievances?

Question 35

It could be argued that the French Revolution should have ended on the night of August 4, 1789.The peasants were pacified by the measures taken by the National Assembly, feudalism had been abolished, and the groundwork was laid for a new regime.Why, then, did the Revolution continue and become violent and more radical?

Question 36

Consider the illustration of women on the march depicted in this chapter.What was the role of women in the French Revolution? How are they portrayed here?

Question 37

What role did the peasants play in the French Revolution? Did that role change between 1789 and 1794?

Question 38

Review the Historical Issues feature entitled "On the Origins of the French Revolution" in this chapter.Which argument (Lefebvre's or Doyle's) do you find most convincing and why?

Question 39

Explain the radical tendencies of the sans-culottes.Who do you think dominated and controlled the Mountain-sans-culottes coalition and why?

Question 40

Discuss the changes in the military that were introduced by the National Convention.How do these changes reflect the principles of the Revolution? What effect did these changes have on France's military force?

Question 41

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: August 4 decree.

Question 42

Review the feature entitled "Robespierre's Justification of the Terror" in this chapter.How are tyranny and despot defined in this speech? How are society and popular government defined?

Question 43

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Calonne.

Question 44

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Joseph II.

Question 45

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Marie Antoinette.

Question 46

Review the feature entitled "Robespierre's Justification of the Terror" in this chapter.Compare and contrast Robespierre's speech with "The Rights of Man."

Question 47

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: National Assembly.

Question 48

Review the feature entitled "Two Views of the Rights of Man" in this chapter.Compare and contrast the application of law in the two passages.

Question 49

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity."

Question 50

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Burke.

Question 51

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: George III.

Question 52

Review the feature entitled "A Portrait of the Parisian Sans-Culotte" in this chapter.What distinguishes the supporters of the Revolution, i.e., the sans-culottes, from their enemies according to this pamphlet?

Question 53

Review the feature entitled "A Portrait of the Parisian Sans-Culotte" in this chapter.How could the sans-culottes be described as the "aristocrats of the masses"?

Question 54

Review the feature entitled "Robespierre's Justification of the Terror" in this chapter.Where does the concept of the "rule of law" or "the rights of man" appear in Robespierre's speech? What "law" is Robespierre utilizing in the Terror?

Question 55

Review the feature entitled "Two Views of the Rights of Man" in this chapter.With which estate is the Prussian General Code most concerned and why?

Question 56

Review the Historical Issues feature entitled "On the Origins of the French Revolution" in this chapter.Would you conclude that the French Revolution was "essentially a political revolution with social consequences" or a "social revolution with political consequences"? Why?

Question 57

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Turgot.

Question 58

Review the feature entitled "Two Views of the Rights of Man" in this chapter.How does the Declaration of the Rights of Man define a citizen? Do those rights apply to women?

Question 59

Review the Historical Issues feature entitled "On the Origins of the French Revolution" in this chapter.Much of what Lefebvre contends contributed to the French Revolution ("commerce, industry and finance occupied an increasingly important place") could also apply to England.Explain why England failed to experience a revolution similar to France's.

Question 60

Review the feature entitled "Two Views of the Rights of Man" in this chapter.Why would the Prussian state issue such a code in response to the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?

Question 61

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Bastille.

Question 62

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Marat.

Question 63

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: departments.

Question 64

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: cahiers.

Question 65

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Robespierre.

Question 66

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Declaration of Independence.

Question 67

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Louis XVI.

Question 68

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: the Terror.

Question 69

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Tuileries.

Question 70

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: cameralism.

Question 71

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: sans-culottes.

Question 72

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: John Wilkes.

Question 73

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Third Estate.

Question 74

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Civil Constitution of the Clergy.

Question 75

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: the Mountain.

Question 76

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: citoyenne.

Question 77

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Jacobin Club.

Question 78

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Society of Revolutionary-Republican Women.

Question 79

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Necker.

Question 80

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen.