Deck 17: The Emergence of the European State System

Question 1

The Junkers

A)refused to cooperate with Prussian rulers.
B)fiercely resisted Frederick William's efforts to undermine the Diet.
C)were economically inefficient.
D)cooperated with Prussian leaders by staffing the army and bureaucracy.
E)lost land and serfs under Frederick William.

Answer 1

cooperated with Prussian leaders by staffing the army and bureaucracy.

Question 2

In his relations with the French nobility, Louis XIV

A)eliminated their privileged status.
B)cultivated their support in exchange for his patronage.
C)kept them at Versailles so they would not question his policies.
D)protected them from the Parisian mobs.
E)both cultivated their support in exchange for his patronage and kept them at Versailles so they would not question his policies.

Answer 2

kept them at Versailles so they would not question his policies.

Question 3

Peter the Great, who came to power in Russia after a long period of royal weakness, was able to establish himself as absolute ruler by

A)working cooperatively with the independent Russian Orthodox Church.
B)reducing the inefficient bureaucracy.
C)improving the conditions of the Russian peasants.
D)forcing the nobility into royal service.
E)moving the capital to St.Petersburg.

Answer 3

forcing the nobility into royal service.

Question 4

Which was a lasting achievement of Louis XIV's foreign policy?

A)He gained considerable territory on France's northeast border from the Holy Roman Empire.
B)He created a union of Spain and France under the French monarchy.
C)He kept the British isolated from the continent.
D)He re-established close relations between France and the Holy Roman Empire.
E)He created the state system to protect France from encroaching powers.

Question 5

Emperor Leopold I can be considered less successful as an absolute monarch than Louis XIV because he

A)relied on a small group of leading nobles to help him run the government.
B)used foreigners in key administrative positions.
C)failed to overcome the autonomous power of the aristocracy in many of the lands under his rule.
D)both relied on a small group of leading nobles to help him run the government and failed to overcome the autonomous power of the aristocracy in many of the lands under his rule.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 6

The great naval power of the eighteenth century was

A)France.
B)the Netherlands.
C)Spain.
D)England.
E)the Holy Roman Empire.

Question 7

The Act of Toleration

A)ended persecution for religious belief in England.
B)stated that a Catholic could become ruler of England.
C)allowed members of any religion to sit in Parliament.
D)allowed members of any religion to attend a university.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 8

Frederick II gained a reputation for enlightened absolutism by

A)making education compulsory.
B)founding an agency that oversaw all government functions except justice, education, and religion.
C)encouraging religious toleration and judicial reform.
D)expanding Prussian territory.
E)attacking Silesia.

Question 9

Under Louis XIV's successors,

A)the Huguenots were highly regarded by the government because of their contributions to the French economy.
B)the government took a more active role in promoting social welfare.
C)France experienced unprecedented economic and demographic growth.
D)both occurred: the government took a more active role in promoting social welfare and France experienced unprecedented economic and demographic growth.
E)both occurred: the Huguenots were highly regarded by the government because of their contributions to the French economy and France experienced unprecedented economic and demographic growth.

Question 10

The main enemies of the Austrian Habsburgs in the late seventeenth century were

A)the French and the Prussians.
B)the French and the Italians.
C)the Turks and the French.
D)the Turks and the Russians.
E)the Junkers and the Hohenzollerns.

Question 11

In the late seventeenth century the United Provinces

A)succumbed to the absolutism of the Stadholder.
B)were overtaken by England in both finance and trade.
C)had one of the most powerful landed aristocracies in Europe.
D)was controlled by Antonius Heinsius.
E)was crippled by having to maintain both land and naval power, and had one of the most powerful landed aristocracies in Europe.

Question 12

In their relations with the fine arts, absolute monarchs like Louis XIV

A)promoted artistic freedom to demonstrate their own advanced taste.
B)encouraged works that flattered the nobility.
C)shunned comedy as being insufficiently elevated.
D)promoted works that enhanced the gravity and dignity of the monarch.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 13

Compared to other absolute monarchs, the rulers of Brandenburg-Prussia

A)fostered a close relationship between the military and state administration.
B)consulted the Diet (representative assembly) more frequently.
C)broke the power bases of the great nobles.
D)worked to free the peasantry from obligations of serfdom.
E)could not control the cities of their realm.

Question 14

The English gentry in the seventeenth century were different from nobles in most of Europe because

A)they had ultimate control over national policy.
B)they constituted a much larger portion of the population than did the nobility in other places.
C)the great majority of them dissented from the official church.
D)they were successfully controlled by an absolutist monarch.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 15

The concept and policies of absolute monarchy did NOT involve which of the following?

A)the glorification of the king and his life style
B)the idea that all political authority flowed from the king
C)the creation of a bureaucracy that would make the king's will law
D)the idea that the king was accountable to his people if he broke God's law
E)the monarch represented God on earth

Question 16

Thomas Hobbes believed that

A)all political authority must reside in an absolute and sovereign power in order to restrain the natural warlike impulses of human beings.
B)the natural rights of all human beings include freedom of expression.
C)the will of the state may be exercised only with the approval of the majority.
D)the natural state of human beings is one of freedom, equality, and peace.
E)war is an unnatural state.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT true of the nobility of Brandenburg-Prussia during the reign of Frederick William?

A)They were able to consolidate their land holdings and make them highly profitable.
B)The re-imposition of serfdom increased the profitability of their holdings.
C)They engaged in commerce in agricultural produce.
D)Royal tax policies were advantageous to them.
E)They resisted royal absolutism.

Question 18

The Pragmatic Sanction

A)was a Prussian document.
B)declared that Habsburg dominions could be inherited by a female heir.
C)laid the foundations for the Habsburg army.
D)declared war on the province of Silesia.
E)guaranteed religious freedom.

Question 19

Maria Theresa

A)exempted clergymen from taxes.
B)failed to obtain new tax revenues from local diets.
C)alienated nobles in the far reaches of her domains.
D)reformed the Church as testimony to her piety.
E)outlawed Catholicism.

Question 20

The so-called Glorious Revolution

A)brought a foreign dynasty to the English throne.
B)led to the establishment of a standing army in England.
C)gave the new king greater authority, in order to stabilize the country.
D)confirmed that the gentry controlled England.
E)both brought a foreign dynasty to the English throne and confirmed that the gentry controlled England.

Question 21

What historical circumstances may have provoked William Hogarth to portray the polling process as corrupt and disorganized in the artwork found in this chapter?

Question 22

A major difference between the ideas of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke was that

A)Locke rejected the idea of a social contract.
B)Locke thought that humans live peacefully in the state of nature.
C)Hobbes believed that the ruled have no right to rebel against the sovereign.
D)Hobbes rejected private property.
E)Locke rejected private property.

Question 23

What do paintings such as Louis XIV and His Family, Fête in the Park, and Maria Theresa and Her Family, all found in this chapter, tell us about the lives of the upper classes in the eighteenth century?

Question 24

Compare the policies and activities of Louis XIV, Peter the Great, and the "great elector." What similarities do you find in the actions of absolute monarchs?

Question 25

Compare the role of the Russian, Prussian, French, and English aristocracies in their respective states and societies.How do their powers and privileges differ? In what ways were they similar? What were the major issues of concern to eighteenth-century aristocrats?

Question 26

Consider map 17.5.Why did Prussian expansionism draw much of Europe into the Seven Years' War?

Question 27

Explain the conditions that prompted the nobilities of England and France to assist rather than prevent the centralization of the state.How did the nobilities and aristocracies of Sweden and Poland prevent the formation of a centralized state?

Question 28

Compare the ideas of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke on the origins and purposes of government.How were their works responses to the political conditions of their time?

Question 29

How did Frederick II use security as a justification for absolutism? Do you think his argument was valid?

Question 30

Describe the nature of eighteenth-century warfare.Why did kings and diplomats not hesitate to resort to war as an instrument of national policy?

Question 31

What institutions (and their functions) characterize the strong central governments of Europe in the seventeen and eighteenth centuries?

Question 32

In the Seven Years' War, the main lines of conflict were

A)Austria vs.Britain, and France vs.Prussia.
B)Austria vs.Russia, and Prussia vs.France.
C)Austria vs.Prussia, and Britain vs.France.
D)Austria vs.France, and Britain vs.Russia.
E)Austria vs.Prussia and Russia vs.France.

Question 33

Explain how the gentry surpassed the nobility in assuming a greater role and responsibility in the governance of England.

Question 34

What can be surmised about the crime rate in mid-eighteenth century England from the engraving shown in this chapter titled New Gallows at the Old Bailey?

Question 35

The terms of Peace at Hubertusburg

A)punished Prussia severely.
B)allowed Prussia to keep Silesia.
C)returned Silesia to Austria.
D)returned Saxony to Prussia.
E)allowed Prussia to keep Saxony.

Question 36

What conditions in Prussia led to the militarism and absolutism for which Prussia, rightly or wrongly, is well known for?

Question 37

Discuss the role of conflicts over succession in the development of the English Parliament in particular and other European states in general.

Question 38

How did the military academy, as represented in this chapter, demonstrate the fusion of political and intellectual developments during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?

Question 39

Discuss the role of economics and commerce in the development of the more democratic states of England and the United Provinces.

Question 40

How similar were the United Provinces and England when William III of the United Provinces became the king of England? What were these similarities? How did the situations in the two countries differ?

Question 41

Review the feature entitled "Louis XIV on Kingship" in this chapter.What is the source of the king's power and prestige?

Question 42

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Louis XV.

Question 43

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Versailles.

Question 44

Review the feature entitled "Locke on the Origins of Government" in this chapter.What is the "state of nature" Locke refers to in this passage?

Question 45

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Prince Eugène.

Question 46

Review the feature entitled "Maria Theresa in a Vehement Mood" in this chapter.What does this passage reveal about the durability and purpose of treaties during the eighteenth century?

Question 47

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Frederick William.

Question 48

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: vingtième.

Question 49

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Grand Alliance.

Question 50

Review the feature entitled "Maria Theresa in a Vehement Mood" in this chapter.How does Maria Theresa explain her decision to ally with France? Why does that decision require explanation?

Question 51

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Pragmatic Sanction.

Question 52

Review the feature entitled "Locke on the Origins of Government" in this chapter.How did the personal backgrounds of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke likely influence their opinions of human nature?

Question 53

Review the feature entitled "Louis XIV on Kingship" in this chapter.What obligations and responsibilities does Louis XIV recognize for the absolute monarch? What were the limitations of those obligations and responsibilities?

Question 54

Review the feature entitled "Locke on the Origins of Government" in this chapter.How does Locke represent the position of the gentry? How do you think Locke defines the common good?

Question 55

Review the Historical Issues feature entitled "Two Views of Louis XIV" in this chapter.Are these views of Louis XIV incompatible? Can you find a way to reconcile these views?

Question 56

Review the Historical Issues feature entitled "Two Views of Louis XIV" in this chapter.What factors might explain the two very different assessments that these historians make of Louis XIV?

Question 57

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: absolutism.

Question 58

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Louvois.

Question 59

Review the feature entitled "Louis XIV on Kingship" in this chapter.Is Louis justifying poor government? What personal characteristics does Louis imply are crucial for a good king?

Question 60

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Junkers.

Question 61

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Leopold I.

Question 62

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: workhouses.

Question 63

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: balance of power.

Question 64

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: War of Spanish Succession.

Question 65

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Louis XIV.

Question 66

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Tories.

Question 67

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Act of Toleration.

Question 68

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Locke.

Question 69

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Glorious Revolution.

Question 70

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: War of Austrian Succession.

Question 71

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: "great elector."

Question 72

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Hohenzollerns.

Question 73

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Frederick II.

Question 74

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Bank of England.

Question 75

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: William III.

Question 76

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Jansenism.

Question 77

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Fleury.

Question 78

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Colbert.

Question 79

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Hobbes.

Question 80

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Peter the Great.