Deck 15: War and Crisis

Question 1

The Thirty Years' War

A)began over the withdrawal of toleration of Protestants in the Netherlands.
B)was a purely religious struggle.
C)was fought primarily on French soil.
D)was nearly won by the Catholic forces until France entered the conflict.
E)All these answers are correct.

Answer 1

was nearly won by the Catholic forces until France entered the conflict.

Question 2

Which of the following is true of the Peace of Westphalia?

A)All the participants in the Thirty Years' War were present at the peace conference.
B)It was the first comprehensive rearrangement of the map of Europe in modern history.
C)It confirmed the freedom of the German states from imperial interference.
D)It recognized the independence of the United Provinces.
E)All these answers are correct.

Answer 2

All these answers are correct.

Question 3

Common soldiers in the seventeenth century were

A)rarely paid on time.
B)sometimes accompanied by their families.
C)often billeted with ordinary citizens.
D)rarely punished according to the harsh codes that existed.
E)All these answers are correct.

Answer 3

All these answers are correct.

Question 4

The strategic and technological changes in seventeenth-century warfare included

A)the ability to subdue nearly any city or fortification much more quickly than in the past.
B)mounted horsemen as the most important branch of the army.
C)use of the salvo to overcome massed infantry.
D)little need for drill or combat training because armies were composed of hired professionals.
E)the development of smaller, more efficient armies.

Question 5

Rebellion in France in the mid-seventeenth century

A)took the form of a revolt called the Fronde, which was led by the upper classes.
B)was led by peasants who marched on Paris and took over the government.
C)established a constitutional government similar to the one established in England.
D)ended when Richelieu resigned.
E)occurred when Mazarin led the nobles against young Louis XIV.

Question 6

Elizabeth I

A)never married.
B)tolerated religious dissent.
C)executed Mary Queen of Scots.
D)never married, and executed Mary Queen of Scots
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 7

During the civil wars in France in the second half of the sixteenth century, the Huguenots

A)formed roughly half the population.
B)were led by a noble family known as the Guises who hoped to secure the throne.
C)perpetrated the infamous St.Bartholomew's Day massacre to wipe out the Catholic leadership.
D)achieved limited toleration after their leader converted to Catholicism to gain the throne.
E)massacred Catholics on St.Bartholomew's Day.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is FALSE? In the international state system that emerged in the decades after the Peace of Westphalia,

A)religious controversy provided an important motive for international conflict.
B)the Habsburgs lost influence in central and western Europe and began to turn their attention to the Danube possessions.
C)economic leadership passed to northwest Europe.
D)multinational conferences would be used more frequently to end international conflicts.
E)monarchs would have a clearer sense of the territorial, economic, and political interests of their country.

Question 9

Which of the following was NOT one of James I's problems when he ascended the English throne?

A)the massive debt left by Elizabeth I
B)the growing power of the gentry
C)conflicts between Catholics and Protestants
D)James' ignorance of English tradition
E)resentment toward the growth of royal courts

Question 10

Which of the following is true of the Dutch Revolt?

A)The nobleman William of Orange led the revolt.
B)The Dutch flooded their own lands to hamper the Spanish.
C)The war was both a political and religious struggle.
D)The southern provinces pledged loyalty to Spain in exchange for compromises on certain issues.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 11

Which of the following was NOT a foreign policy initiative of Philip II of Spain?

A)an attempt to invade England
B)an attempt to influence the succession to the French throne
C)an attempt to clear the Mediterranean of Muslim navies
D)an attempt to return the Lutheran areas of north Germany to the Catholic fold
E)an attempt to combat the work of Calvinists in the Netherlands

Question 12

The radical sects disturbed the Puritans and members of Parliament because they

A)advocated egalitarianism.
B)rejected widening the vote.
C)objected to religious freedom.
D)supported Cromwell.
E)upheld the idea of private property.

Question 13

Which measure did Richelieu take in his effort to strengthen the French monarchy?

A)He ended the independence of the Huguenots.
B)He abolished the Edict of Nantes.
C)He incorporated the nobility into the regime, giving them positions as diplomats, soldiers, and officials.
D)He both ended the independence of the Huguenots and incorporated the nobility into the regime, giving them positions as diplomats, soldiers, and officials.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 14

Henry IV had himself officially crowned king of France in 1594 after he

A)married the daughter of his chief rival.
B)organized a foreign alliance with the Spanish.
C)renounced Protestantism.
D)called on the military and naval forces of his English allies.
E)converted to Protestantism.

Question 15

The policy of France in the Thirty Years' War was to

A)remain neutral.
B)ally with all other Catholic rulers against the Protestants.
C)ally with the Spanish against Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden.
D)ally with the Protestants to prevent a Habsburg victory.
E)seek peace with Ferdinand.

Question 16

The rise of the gentry in sixteenth-century England was due primarily to

A)their promotion of industrial development.
B)their promotion of commercial links abroad.
C)their participation in the flourishing commerce of the period.
D)their participation on the House of Commons.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 17

After the restoration of the English monarchy in 1660, which of the following changes survived?

A)the abolition of the House of Lords
B)the abolition of the bishops of the Church of England
C)the abolition of the Court of Star Chamber
D)the toleration of other religions
E)the rule that Parliament had to meet at least once every three years

Question 18

Mercantilist theory argued that

A)a nation should import more than it exports.
B)only a strong centralized government could guide a country to prosperity and order.
C)countries should avoid war since it was harmful to the economy.
D)countries should import food products and export manufactured goods.
E)all nations could become wealthier without sacrificing the prosperity of others.

Question 19

During its first year, the Long Parliament

A)used the Star Chamber court to try its enemies.
B)declared that taxes could not be levied without the consent of Parliament.
C)executed the king.
D)ruled that Parliament had to meet once every ten years.
E)forbade the writ of habeas corpus.

Question 20

Warfare became more expensive in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries than it had been in the past because of the

A)widespread use and high cost of gunpowder and sieges.
B)need to build stronger fortifications.
C)growing size of armies.
D)need to maintain armies on a year-round basis.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 21

The United Provinces in the seventeenth century

A)had one of the most open-minded societies in Europe.
B)kept strict Calvinist controls over the morals and behavior of anyone who lived in or visited the country.
C)neglected the fine arts.
D)were unable to recover economically from their wars against Spain.
E)expelled Jews from Amsterdam.

Question 22

What were the developments that led to the military revolution of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries? What were the social and political consequences of these changes?

Question 23

Compare and contrast the causes of the civil wars in England, France, and Spain.

Question 24

How does The Dream of Philip II, shown in this chapter, convey the sense of a reunited Christendom reminiscent of the Middle Ages and the crusades?

Question 25

The count of Olivares failed in his efforts to maintain Spanish supremacy in seventeenth-century Europe because

A)there was a considerable drop in revenues from the New World.
B)Spain suffered a demographic crisis that resulted in a severe decline in population.
C)Catalonia and Portugal rebelled against the monarchy.
D)of resistance to the centralization implied in the Union of Arms.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 26

The English and French monarchies both aspired to royal absolutism in the seventeenth century, but met with opposition from groups that sought to share that power.Discuss the challenges to absolutism in both countries, as well as the efforts to overcome this opposition.

Question 27

The political factions in the United Provinces differed over

A)loyalty to Spain.
B)representative government vs.monarchical control.
C)mercantilism and war.
D)Calvinism.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 28

What factors help explain the increased depiction of brutality in art during this period? (Consider illustrations throughout the chapter in your response.)

Question 29

Although great wealth entered Spain from her overseas colonies, Spain never became a wealthy country.Explain this apparent paradox.

Question 30

Describe the social conditions that would encourage a peasant or urban laborer to join the army during this period.

Question 31

What were the causes of the English Civil War? How did different social classes and religious groups take sides during the war?

Question 32

What devices are used in the portrait of Queen Elizabeth I of England shown in this chapter to suggest both femininity and royal authority?

Question 33

Compare Olivares' efforts to unite Spain and strengthen the monarchy with those of Richelieu in France.In evaluating the work of the two ministers, consider those conditions in their respective countries that might have aided or impeded their efforts.

Question 34

Compare the policies and leadership of Elizabeth I and Charles I with regard to religion and relations to the political community represented in the House of Commons.

Question 35

By the middle of the seventeenth century, the economic, territorial, and political goals of states were superseding religious and dynastic ambitions in guiding the foreign policies of the great powers.Evaluate the history of the Spanish Habsburgs from 1520-1660 in terms of this transition.

Question 36

How did religion during this period become both an aspect of national policy and a rallying point for national identification?

Question 37

Review the feature entitled "Queen Elizabeth's Armada Speech" in this chapter.How does Elizabeth appeal to her subjects by describing herself as both a woman and a king? Why was it necessary for her to take this approach?

Question 38

Sweden's extraordinary rise in power and influence in the seventeenth century was based on

A)an expansion of mining, metallurgy, and export trade.
B)very slow urban growth that limited the problems associated with urban expansion.
C)its success in staying out of the Thirty Years' War.
D)a nobility that agreed to subordinate its interests to the crown.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 39

Do you think Engraving of the Spaniards in Haarlem as seen in this chapter was the work of an artist sympathetic to the Dutch or Spanish cause? Why?

Question 40

Consider maps 15.1 and 15.2.How did religion and politics intertwine and clash in northwestern Europe?

Question 41

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: William of Orange.

Question 42

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Wallenstein.

Question 43

Review the feature entitled "Richelieu on Diplomacy" in this chapter.How does this passage echo the new diplomacy and changed international relations that emerged after the Thirty Years' War?

Question 44

Review the feature entitled "Oliver Cromwell's Aims" in this chapter.What distinctions does Cromwell make between a king and a constable?

Question 45

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: armada.

Question 46

Review the feature entitled "Queen Elizabeth's Armada Speech" in this chapter.Who and what are the enemies of Elizabeth and the English in this speech?

Question 47

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: gentry.

Question 48

Review the feature entitled "Oliver Cromwell's Aims" in this chapter.Why, on the heels of the English Civil War, did Cromwell find it prudent to refuse the offer of kingship?

Question 49

Review the feature entitled "Queen Elizabeth's Armada Speech" in this chapter.How does the speech draw on English nationalism without making it a religious issue? Why would Elizabeth mold the speech to play down religious tensions?

Question 50

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Leopold I.

Question 51

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Huguenot.

Question 52

Review the feature entitled "Richelieu on Diplomacy" in this chapter.What, according the Richelieu, are the advantages of negotiations over outright conflict?

Question 53

Review the feature entitled "Oliver Cromwell's Aims" in this chapter.What role does Cromwell claim to have played in the English Civil War?

Question 54

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Philip II.

Question 55

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Gustavus Adolphus.

Question 56

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: conscription.

Question 57

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Thirty Years' War.

Question 58

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Henry IV.

Question 59

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Bohemia.

Question 60

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: St.Bartholomew's Day massacre.

Question 61

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: James I.

Question 62

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Presbyterians.

Question 63

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Mazarin.

Question 64

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Elizabeth I.

Question 65

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Catherine de Medici.

Question 66

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Guises.

Question 67

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Oliver Cromwell.

Question 68

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Catholic League.

Question 69

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: United Provinces.

Question 70

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Maurice of Nassau.

Question 71

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Philip IV.

Question 72

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: antiroyalists.

Question 73

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: paulette.

Question 74

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Oxenstierna.

Question 75

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Richelieu.

Question 76

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Rump Parliament.

Question 77

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Edict of Nantes.

Question 78

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Society of Friends.

Question 79

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Union of Arms.

Question 80

Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Louis XIII.