Deck 9: Intelligence and Its Measurement

Question 1

Cognitive abilities decline with age.According to Salthouse (2009),this decline

A) seems to correlate strongly with carbon monoxide intake.
B) can be postponed through cognitive stimulation.
C) may begin as early as one's twenties.
D) is accelerated as a result of teaching a course in psychological assessment.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The Flynn Effect has relevance in discussions of the death penalty,especially since the Supreme Court decision in the case of

A) Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California.
B) Jaffee v. Redmond.
C) Grutter v. Bollinger.
D) Atkins v. Virginia.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In Carroll's three-stratum model the second stratum is composed of

A) entirely of one general intellectual ability (g).
B) four abilities and processes.
C) six abilities and processes.
D) eight abilities and processes.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The term cross-battery assessment refers to

A) the selective use of subtests from different test batteries.
B) the use of multiple test batteries in assessment.
C) the use of culturally responsive tools of assessment.
D) using physical tests in combination with psychological tests.

Question 5

According to Piaget,one of the basic mental operations through which learning occurs is assimilation,defined as

A) organizing new information so that it fits with existing information.
B) changing existing information so that it fits with existing information.
C) changing new information so that it fits with existing information.
D) rejecting existing information that does not fit with new information.

Question 6

Kallikaks is to Goddard as Jukes is to

A) Pearson.
B) Jensen.
C) Shockley.
D) Dugdale.

Question 7

Sternberg's notion of successful intelligence is based on the idea that

A) intelligence can be measured in dollars and cents.
B) a country's wealth is directly proportional to the IQ of its citizens.
C) achieving success in any culture requires certain skills and abilities.
D) success and intelligence are uniquely defined by each individual.

Question 8

For Jean Piaget,the process of cognitive development is thought to occur

A) solely through maturation.
B) solely through learning.
C) solely through motivation.
D) None of these

Question 9

In the Chapter 9 Meet an Assessment Professional,Dr.Barbara Pavlo reflected that she employed in her practice various tools of assessment including

A) case history document analysis.
B) figure drawing analysis.
C) evaluations that employ role-play.
D) All of these

Question 10

One way of reducing the culture loading of a test is to

A) use oral instructions instead of printed instructions.
B) prohibit practice prior to a test.
C) have testtakers write answers on an answer sheet.
D) All of these

Question 11

Which is TRUE of the McGrew-Flanagan CHC model?

A) It features 32 broad stratum abilities.
B) It makes no provision for fluid intelligence.
C) It makes no provision for a general ability (g) factor.
D) It has little heuristic value.

Question 12

Who defined intelligence as "the degree of availability of one's experiences for the solution of present problems and the anticipation of future ones."

A) David Wechsler
B) Robert Sternberg
C) Henry Goddard
D) Jean Piaget

Question 13

"In truth,intelligence has become ...a word with so many meanings that finally it has none." Who is quoted as having said that?

A) E.L.Thorndike
B) E.G.Boring
C) Francis Galton
D) Charles Spearman

Question 14

In the Chapter 9 Meet an Assessment Professional,Dr.Barbara Pavlo reflected that she used tests

A) in a dynamic manner.
B) to provide feedback to clients regarding their progress.
C) to provide feedback to herself regarding clients' progress.
D) All of these

Question 15

Haworth et al.(2010)suggested that hereditary influence on intelligence

A) decreased from 55% in childhood to 41% in adolescence.
B) increased from 41% in childhood to 55% in adolescence.
C) increased from 41% in infancy to 61% in adulthood.
D) None of these

Question 16

Researchers have tried to define intelligence using physical means such as

A) cerebral glucose metabolism studies.
B) brain physiology studies.
C) brain mapping studies.
D) All of the above

Question 17

In the Chapter 9 Meet an Assessment Professional,Dr.Barbara Pavlo reflected that students of psychology would do well to

A) envision themselves conducting psychotherapy.
B) envision themselves administering tests.
C) envision themselves interpreting a Rorschach protocol.
D) consider other careers.

Question 18

Howard Gardener defined intrapersonal intelligence in a way that seems similar to the definition of

A) self-concept.
B) impression management.
C) interpersonal dependence.
D) introversion-extraversion.

Question 19

In the Chapter 9 Meet an Assessment Professional,Dr.Barbara Pavlo observed that students aspiring to become psychologists typically envision themselves

A) conducting psychotherapy.
B) administering psychological tests.
C) conducting meaningful research.
D) All of these

Question 20

Which is TRUE of the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC)model of cognitive abilities?

A) The model was developed by Cattell.
B) The model was developed by Horn.
C) The model was developed by Carroll.
D) None of these

Question 21

Crystallized intelligence includes

A) application of general knowledge.
B) nonverbal abilities.
C) sensory abilities.
D) All of these

Question 22

A major thread running through the theories of Binet,Wechsler,and Piaget is the concept of interactionism.In this context,interactionism refers to

A) interaction between mind and body.
B) members of different professions working together.
C) interaction between heredity and environment.
D) interaction between different psychological approaches to intelligence.

Question 23

According to E.L.Thorndike,an individual's ability to learn is determined primarily by

A) consistency of the bonds that can be established.
B) speed of the bonds that can be established.
C) the number of bonds that can be established.
D) Both b and c

Question 24

According to Piaget,a form of cognitive structure or organization is referred to as

A) a set.
B) a construct.
C) a pattern.
D) a schema.

Question 25

In terms of their definitions of intelligence,the theories of Guilford,Thurstone,and Cattell,can all be grouped as

A) single-factor models.
B) information processing models.
C) factor analytic models.
D) runway models.

Question 26

Logical-mathematical,bodily-kinesthetic,linguistic,musical,spatial,interpersonal,and intrapersonal intelligence are all associated with which theory of intelligence?

A) Guilford
B) Thurstone
C) Gardner
D) Wechsler

Question 27

The concepts of social intelligence,concrete intelligence,and abstract intelligence are collectively best associated with which theorist?

A) Thorndike
B) Carroll
C) Cattell
D) Horn

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT true of Piaget's stages?

A) The stages were adapted from Binet's work with children.
B) Children can move through the stages at differing rates and ages.
C) The order of the stages is unchangeable.
D) The stages are universal for all children.

Question 29

What conclusion concerning intelligence could reasonably be drawn based on the 1921 symposium published in the Journal of Educational Psychology?

A) Experts tended to agree on the basic elements of intelligence.
B) Intelligence should be measured by group rather than individual tests.
C) Intelligence consists of a general factor and a number of specific factors.
D) Experts had a multitude of different definitions of intelligence.

Question 30

This was the test that launched the testing movement in the United States.It was,of course,the ______ test.

A) Wechsler-Bellevue
B) Stanford-Binet
C) Army-Alpha
D) Army-Navy

Question 31

Binet's conception of intelligence corresponded most closely with the views of

A) Wechsler.
B) Galton.
C) Spearman.
D) Wesman.

Question 32

Binet believed that the primary purpose of an intelligence test was to assist the test user in the process of

A) classification.
B) measurement.
C) prediction.
D) data collection.

Question 33

Which statement is NOT true of Cattell's two-factor theory of intelligence?

A) The abilities that constitute fluid intelligence are nonverbal and independent of specific instruction.
B) Crystallized intelligence is relatively culture-free.
C) Crystallized intelligence develops through one's use of fluid intelligence.
D) Crystallized intelligence includes acquired skills and knowledge such as vocabulary.

Question 34

Who first hypothesized that the proportion of the variance that a number of tests have in common accounts for a general factor of intelligence?

A) Pearson
B) Piaget
C) Spearman
D) Galton

Question 35

The Wechsler tests of intelligence

A) measure more than two factors.
B) measure only a Verbal and Performance factor.
C) are based on a factor-analytically derived, two-factor theory.
D) have been updated to reflect the VPR model.

Question 36

In Piaget's stages of cognitive development,reversibility of thought appears in what period?

A) sensorimotor
B) preoperational
C) concrete operations
D) formal operations

Question 37

Neisser argued that intelligence

A) does not exist.
B) has sharp boundaries.
C) cannot be measured.
D) cannot be explicitly defined.

Question 38

In Sternberg's study of the characteristics of academic intelligence,laypeople stressed the "interpersonal and social aspects," whereas experts stressed

A) reading abilities.
B) memory.
C) motivation.
D) cognitive skills.

Question 39

It is MOST probable that Binet,Wechsler,and Piaget would all agree with which of the following statements?

A) "Heredity, not environment, is the determining factor in intelligence."
B) "Environment, not heredity is the determining factor intelligence."
C) "Heredity and environment interact to influence the development of intelligence, although a person has an unlimited genetic potential."
D) "Heredity and environment interact to influence the development of intelligence, but a person may not exceed his or her genetic potential."

Question 40

Galton's conception of intelligence focused on

A) sensory abilities.
B) environmental factors.
C) behavioral assets and deficits.
D) consistency of the bonds that can be established.

Question 41

Carroll's three-stratum theory of cognitive abilities is referred to as which type of model of cognitive functioning?

A) an experimental model
B) an information processing model
C) a hierarchical model
D) a stratum-like model

Question 42

McGrew and Flanagan's version of the Cattell-Horn-Carroll model was originally intended for use in

A) pediatric rehabilitative applications.
B) neuropsychological applications.
C) comparative psychology applications.
D) psychoeducational applications.

Question 43

According to Horn,intellectual abilities that decline with age are referred to as

A) maintained abilities.
B) vulnerable abilities.
C) declining abilities.
D) geriatric abilities.

Question 44

Comparing the hierarchical model of cognitive abilities to the periodic table in chemistry,which of the following is TRUE?

A) They are similar in that scientists agree both on which elements should be listed in the periodic table and which human abilities should be in a hierarchical model of cognitive abilities.
B) They are different in that scientists do not agree on which elements should be listed in the periodic table but do agree on which human abilities should be in a hierarchical model.
C) They are different in that scientists agree on which elements should be listed in the periodic table but there is not agreement on which human abilities should be in a hierarchical model of cognitive abilities.
D) None of these are true.

Question 45

McGrew and Flanagan based their definitions of many of the broad and narrow abilities on the writings of

A) Thurstone.
B) Horn.
C) Cattell.
D) Carroll.

Question 46

Children's intelligence is assessed primarily for

A) vocational placement and planning.
B) academic research and planning.
C) behavioral research and planning.
D) educational placement and planning.

Question 47

According to Lee Cronbach,errors were made in the scoring of the "Termite" intelligence test protocols and as a result

A) correlations with many other variables have been questioned.
B) many of the "Termites" were unable to attend good colleges.
C) the research conducted by Lewis Terman has been discredited.
D) Cronbach lived his life with an IQ that was "10 points too high."

Question 48

According to Horn,visual processing abilities

A) are referred to as vulnerable abilities.
B) increase in acuity with age.
C) can be impaired by reading in dim light.
D) None of these

Question 49

The BEST measure of "intelligence" in infants could MOST probably be obtained by

A) reviewing hospital records.
B) structured interviews of the child.
C) assessment of sensorimotor skills.
D) behavioral observation of the child watching Sesame Street.

Question 50

According to Howard Gardner,the ability to form an accurate and realistic view of oneself would be referred to as what type of intelligence?

A) social
B) interpersonal
C) intrapersonal
D) intrasocial

Question 51

In Carroll's three-stratum theory of cognitive abilities,what abilities represent the top stratum or level?

A) interpersonal and intrapersonal
B) fluid and crystallized
C) general intelligence
D) vision, touch, and hearing

Question 52

The McGrew and Flanagan version of the Cattell-Horn-Carroll model is designed to assess abilities

A) by means of one comprehensive and integrative test.
B) through the use a variety of tests from different test batteries.
C) with adjunctive use of interviews and the case study method.
D) primarily by means of behavioral observation.

Question 53

McGrew and Flanagan's version of CHC theory has its greatest value

A) as a theory of cognitive abilities with empirical support.
B) from a research perspective.
C) from the standpoint of cost-to-implement.
D) as a theory from which all other theories can be improved.

Question 54

In Carroll's three-stratum theory of cognitive abilities,crystallized intelligence (Gc),is conceptualized as being at what level?

A) the first
B) the second
C) the third
D) the fourth

Question 55

Spearman's g factor refers to

A) what different intelligence tests have in common.
B) the specific factors assessed by different intelligence tests.
C) the fact that Galton was Spearman's inspiration.
D) all that is genetic in the nature-nurture controversy.

Question 56

Which of the following is omitted from the Cattell-Horn-Carroll model as modified by McGrew and Flanagan?

A) quantitative ability
B) memory
C) general intellectual ability
D) eye-hand coordination

Question 57

Which of the following best characterizes the basis of CHC theory?

A) practical relevance
B) factor analysis
C) intuitive beliefs
D) the published writings of hundreds of independent practitioners

Question 58

According to Wechsler,as cited in the text,intelligence should be conceived as a __________ capacity that is best measured by measuring ______________ abilities.

A) qualitatively differentiable; global
B) global; aggregate
C) total; sensorimotor
D) global; qualitatively differentiable

Question 59

In the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children,subtests are organized by which of the following?

A) successive and simultaneous processing
B) general and specific abilities
C) reflective and impulsive processing
D) auditory and visual processing

Question 60

The McGrew and Flanagan Cattell-Horn-Carroll model postulates _______ broad stratum abilities and _____ narrow stratum abilities.

A) 5; over 100
B) 10; over 70
C) 3; 10
D) 3; 15

Question 61

According to the interactionist viewpoint with regard to intelligence

A) intelligence is a latent, unidimensional construct.
B) most of the variance attributable to "intelligence" on intelligence tests has more to do with "social interaction."
C) people inherit a certain intellectual potential, and how much of that potential is realized is dependent in part on environmental influences.
D) heredity and environment interact with respect to a third variable that is presumed to be latent and unidimensional.

Question 62

In discussing the role of personality in the measured intelligence of infants,it is this term that comes to mind:

A) "sensory ability"
B) "mood-related variables"
C) "temperament"
D) "alerting response"

Question 63

Which is a technique or method used to minimize cultural bias in tests?

A) minimized verbal instruction
B) use of teaching items
C) use of sample items
D) All of these

Question 64

According to Wechsler's approach to cognitive assessment of adults and children,which of the following is TRUE?

A) The same tests can be used from cradle to grave.
B) The same tasks may be used by children and adults, but the norms will differ from test to test depending on the age group of the testtakers.
C) Similar tasks may be used on different tests, but the actual content of the items will differ at different age levels.
D) Similar tasks may be used at different age levels, although only one "gold standard" set of norms should be employed.

Question 65

Which test author developed a series of intelligence tests that has been characterized as spanning "cradle to grave"?

A) Thurstone
B) Wechsler
C) Sternberg
D) Piaget

Question 66

According to your text,which is TRUE of the CRUST?

A) It is a valid measure of intelligence for those in middle- to high-income groups.
B) It was developed as a tongue-in-cheek intelligence test for the culturally advantaged.
C) It can be used with members of minority groups as well as the majority group.
D) It was originally devised as a culture-free intelligence test for recent immigrants from Haiti.

Question 67

Tests of intelligence are typically administered to older adults for all of the following purposes EXCEPT:

A) educational placement.
B) diagnosis of clinical disorders.
C) neuropsychological assessment.
D) vocational planning.

Question 68

Preformationists would agree with which statement?

A) Intelligence can be attributed to socialization.
B) Intelligence can be increased by means of educational initiatives and early intervention programs.
C) Intelligence tends to be higher in Asians than in whites and blacks.
D) Intelligence is genetically encoded.

Question 69

According to your text,intelligence as measured by intelligence tests is BEST explained with reference to

A) the nature side of the nature/nurture controversy.
B) the nurture side of the nature/nurture controversy.
C) the interactionist perspective.
D) the CHC model.

Question 70

When making projections about a child's future intellectual ability,attention should be given to:

A) IQ test data.
B) personality test data.
C) available resources and social support systems.
D) All of these

Question 71

A predeterminist is someone who subscribes to the doctrine of predeterminism.A predeterminist would be LEAST likely to believe in

A) the efficacy of educational programs such as Head Start.
B) the view that the maturation of neural mechanisms is critical in the development of intelligence.
C) the importance of twin studies demonstrating remarkably similar intelligence test scores for twins reared apart.
D) arguments favoring the nature side in any nature-nurture debate.

Question 72

Considering their views on intelligence with regard to the nature-nurture issue,Lewis Terman,Francis Galton,Arnold Gesell,and Karl Pearson:

A) each had their own unique view, ranging from "strongly nature" to "strongly nurture."
B) were all strong believers in nurture.
C) were all strong believers in nature.
D) were four people who expressed five opinions on the issue.

Question 73

Culture-specific and culture-reduced tests have been shown to have

A) limited value in predicting educational achievement.
B) significant value in predicting educational achievement.
C) little application in industrial and organizational settings.
D) significant value in predicting vocational success.

Question 74

According to your text,which is TRUE of the BITCH?

A) It is a standardized test used widely by municipal fire departments as an employment screening device.
B) It was developed as a culture-free measure of intelligence for inner-city youth.
C) It has more entertainment value than applied value.
D) It was used by the producers of Mob Wives to screen on-air personalities.

Question 75

Intelligence may be assessed at various stages in the life span and

A) the purpose of assessing intelligence is exactly the same at all ages.
B) the exact same behaviors are assessed at all ages.
C) different behaviors are assessed at different ages.
D) the later in life, the more difficult the assessment.

Question 76

Culture-specific tests of intelligence

A) have been empirically demonstrated to be a more valid measure of intellectual development of minority group members than conventional tests.
B) are most useful for predicting employment success when administered to prospective job applicants who are members of minority groups.
C) are usually normed exclusively on majority group members.
D) None of these

Question 77

Which of the following is TRUE of the concept of mental age?

A) It is no longer a concept used in contemporary cognitive assessment.
B) It is equivalent to a total score on a test divided by chronological age.
C) Horn has advocated its reintroduction in the CHC model.
D) Both a and c

Question 78

Arnold Gesell could be categorized as a

A) factor analyst.
B) postdeterminist.
C) predeterminist.
D) behaviorist.

Question 79

A concept,characterized in your text as "at the crossroad of intelligence and personality" is:

A) sensory discrimination.
B) reaction time.
C) street efficacy.
D) general intellectual ability

Question 80

Members of which of the following minority groups tend to score higher on intelligence tests than do members of the majority group?

A) African-Americans
B) Hispanic-Americans
C) Asian Americans
D) Native Americans