Deck 9: Jacksonian America

Question 1

By 1828,in all but one state,presidential electors were chosen by

A)state legislatures.
B)popular vote.
C)lottery.
D)Congress.
E)state governors.

Answer 1

popular vote.

Question 2

According to Andrew Jackson's theory of democracy,

A)there should be one national political party.
B)all white male citizens should be treated equally.
C)all white Americans should eventually be given the vote.
D)slavery should not extend into the West.
E)the South and West deserved special privileges as growing areas.

Answer 2

all white male citizens should be treated equally.

Question 3

The lawyer and activist who led the campaign to expand voting rights in Rhode Island was

A)Amos Kendall.
B)Joseph Story.
C)Daniel Webster.
D)Roger Taney.
E)Thomas Dorr.

Answer 3

Thomas Dorr.

Question 4

President Andrew Jackson sought to apply his democratic principles by first targeting

A)the wealthy New England aristocracy.
B)the southern planter class.
C)federal officeholders.
D)his Whig opponents.
E)the Five Civilized Tribes.

Question 5

The Supreme Court ruled in Cherokee Nation v.Georgia (1831)that

A)Georgia could remove the Cherokee tribes if it served the "public good."
B)the Cherokee had no right to file a legal claim in United States courts.
C)the entire process of Indian removal was unconstitutional.
D)the Cherokee tribes could only be removed if they were properly compensated.
E)Georgia had no authority to negotiate with tribal representatives.

Question 6

In 1830,the Daniel Webster-Robert Hayne debate was begun by a political dispute over

A)the value of the two-party system.
B)the sale of public land.
C)slavery.
D)trade with England.
E)relations with Indian tribes.

Question 7

Senator Robert Hayne represented the state of

A)New York.
B)Ohio.
C)Pennsylvania.
D)Virginia.
E)South Carolina.

Question 8

In 1840,efforts to expand voting rights in Rhode Island resulted in

A)new laws that actually further restricted voting rights.
B)federal troops occupying the state capital for two years.
C)an effort within the state to secede from the Union.
D)two governments claiming control of the state.
E)female and black male suffrage for a brief period of time.

Question 9

The primary goal of the United States policy toward Indians in the early 1800s was to

A)spread the Christian faith among tribes.
B)protect Indians from attacks by white settlers.
C)assimilate Indian tribes into white society.
D)acquire the land occupied by Indian tribes.
E)preserve disappearing Indian traditions and culture.

Question 10

In the 1830 Daniel Webster-Robert Hayne debate,Webster considered Hayne's arguments to be an attack on

A)free states.
B)the nation's tariff policies.
C)President Jackson's leadership.
D)federal authority.
E)the institution of slavery.

Question 11

The "Trail of Tears" taken by the Cherokees led them to the area that later became

A)Texas.
B)Oklahoma.
C)Missouri.
D)New Mexico.
E)Nevada.

Question 12

By the 1830s,political parties were generally regarded as

A)in the control of special interest factions.
B)unnecessary to the political process.
C)a dangerous threat to the democratic process.
D)a desired and essential part of the democratic process.
E)an aberration.

Question 13

Spoils system refers to

A)making illegal payoffs to political supporters.
B)giving away land taken from Indians to white settlers.
C)the destruction of land by overly aggressive settlement.
D)giving out jobs as political rewards.
E)parceling out federal land to the highest bidder.

Question 14

One argument in favor of political parties in the 1830s was the belief that

A)the parties would provide the training ground for candidates.
B)a permanent political opposition made parties sensitive to the people's will.
C)the present system of government had little effective organization.
D)inexperienced political candidates would be less likely to gain office.
E)parties could create a broader form of consensus than individual leaders.

Question 15

In the years after the War of 1812,support for the idea of political parties was greatest in

A)Virginia.
B)New Jersey.
C)New York.
D)Rhode Island.
E)Pennsylvania.

Question 16

In 1832,supporters of President Jackson held a national convention in order to

A)force the opposition to make their case in public.
B)bring more public attention to their candidate.
C)have greater control over the nominating process.
D)shore up Jackson's shaky support among voters in the Northeast.
E)make the nominating process more democratic.

Question 17

Today,the oldest political party in the United States is the

A)Green Party.
B)Socialist Party.
C)Libertarian Party.
D)Republican Party.
E)Democratic Party.

Question 18

As president,Andrew Jackson believed the power of the federal government

A)should be reduced.
B)should be expanded.
C)was supreme over individual states.
D)should be expanded and was supreme over individual states.
E)should be reduced and yet was supreme over individual states.

Question 19

The Black Hawk War

A)constituted a major,although temporary,Indian victory.
B)occurred in New England and upstate New York.
C)was notable for vicious behavior by the American military.
D)was sparked by the kidnapping of the leader of the Fox Indians.
E)resulted in the removal of the Five Civilized Tribes to the West.

Question 20

Which statement regarding the American electorate during the 1820s is true?

A)The right to vote was expanded to include many more white males.
B)The right to vote was restricted to property owners.
C)Married white women had the right to vote but could not hold elected office.
D)Changes in voting rights occurred first in New England states and then spread west.
E)Older states began to expand their property ownership requirements.

Question 21

In 1832,Henry Clay sought to use the debate over the Bank of the United States primarily to

A)politically embarrass President Jackson.
B)help his reelection to the Senate.
C)promote his "American System."
D)boost his presidential candidacy.
E)exact revenge on Nicholas Biddle for a perceived slight.

Question 22

The Supreme Court ruling in Charles River Bridge v.Warren Bridge (1837)

A)outraged supporters of Andrew Jackson.
B)was a victory for federal authority.
C)continued the constitutional interpretation set forth by John Marshall.
D)affirmed the inviolability of contracts.
E)reflected Jacksonian ideas of democracy and economic opportunity.

Question 23

Of the "Five Civilized Tribes," the tribe that best resisted the pressures of removal was the

A)Creek.
B)Choctaw.
C)Seminole.
D)Chickasaw.
E)Cherokee.

Question 24

Of the following groups,support for the Whigs was weakest among

A)wealthy southern planters.
B)substantial New England manufacturers.
C)small western farmers.
D)aristocratic Americans.
E)evangelical Protestants.

Question 25

During its two-decade history,the Whig Party won the presidency

A)zero times.
B)one time.
C)two times.
D)three times.
E)four times.

Question 26

In the 1830s,the so-called Locofocos were

A)radical Democrats.
B)defenders of monopolies.
C)southern slaveholders.
D)western farmers.
E)radical abolitionists.

Question 27

In 1830,the first of the "Five Civilized Tribes" to be removed to the West was the

A)Creek.
B)Seminole.
C)Chickasaw.
D)Choctaw.
E)Cherokee.

Question 28

The political philosophy of Whigs

A)opposed industrialism as a source of concentrated wealth.
B)favored expanding the power of the federal government.
C)encouraged the rapid western expansion of the nation.
D)allied the Whigs with the abolition movement.
E)celebrated "honest workers" and "simple farmers."

Question 29

During the 1830s,evangelical Protestants tended to support

A)Democrats.
B)Irish immigrants.
C)Whigs.
D)German immigrants.
E)Masons.

Question 30

The Whig Party was LEAST successful at

A)defining its political position.
B)attracting a loyal constituency of voters.
C)connecting with evangelical Protestants.
D)competing against Democrats in local,state,and congressional races.
E)uniting behind a strong national leader.

Question 31

In the 1820s,under Nicholas Biddle,the Bank of the United States

A)was financially sound and profitable.
B)exercised little influence on state banks.
C)had restricted credit to growing enterprises.
D)prohibited the existence of state banks.
E)had to borrow credit from state banks to stay afloat.

Question 32

In 1830,President Andrew Jackson vetoed a federal subsidy to the Maysville Road because

A)he sought to demonstrate his presidential power at a time when it was being questioned.
B)the road was not a part of any system of interstate commerce.
C)the subsidy was to be paid for out of tariff revenue,which he opposed.
D)he thought the proposal might jeopardize his bid for reelection.
E)he thought it would upset the balance created by the Missouri Compromise nine years earlier.

Question 33

In the 1820s,Whig support for the Anti-Mason Party demonstrated the

A)desire of the party to attract the largest possible number of voters.
B)intention of the party to refrain from political mud-slinging.
C)conviction that Masonry encouraged radical egalitarianism.
D)desire of the party to attract the largest possible number of voters,and the party's intention to refrain from political mud-slinging.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 34

Which of the following statements regarding the Bank of the United States under Nicholas Biddle is FALSE?

A)The charter of the Bank was due to expire in 1836.
B)Nicholas Biddle had the support of Daniel Webster and Henry Clay.
C)The controversy over the Bank became the leading issue in the 1832 election.
D)President Jackson ordered the Bank closed before the expiration of its charter.
E)President Jackson went through several secretaries of the treasury before finding one who would help him weaken the bank.

Question 35

In 1836,Martin Van Buren won the presidency because

A)he was more popular with the public than was Andrew Jackson.
B)federal spending had supported an economic boom.
C)the political opposition offered multiple candidates.
D)land speculation had been reduced under President Andrew Jackson.
E)his opponent openly advocated ending Indian removal.

Question 36

In the 1830s,Democrats were more likely than Whigs to support

A)the chartering of banks and corporations.
B)territorial expansion.
C)established wealth.
D)federally supported internal improvements.
E)the abolition of slavery.

Question 37

As a result of the United States government's Indian policy,by the end of the 1830s

A)violence between white Americans and Indian tribes ended.
B)all Indian tribes were forced to intermingle on one large reservation.
C)new federal attempts were made to assimilate Indian tribes into white society.
D)the United States gained control of ten million acres of Indian lands.
E)nearly all American Indian societies were removed to west of the Mississippi.

Question 38

Jacksonian Democrats

A)praised President Jackson as "King Andrew I."
B)faced little political opposition by the mid-1830s.
C)were strongest among the merchants and manufacturers of the Northeast.
D)praised President Jackson as "King Andrew I," were strongest among the merchants and manufacturers of the Northeast,and faced little political opposition by the mid-1830s.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 39

In the debate over the Bank of the United States,President Andrew Jackson agreed with

A)the "soft-money" advocates.
B)the "hard-money" advocates.
C)Henry Clay.
D)both "soft-money" and "hard-money" advocates.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 40

In the 1830s,the Bank of the United States was opposed by

A)"soft-money" advocates.
B)"hard-money" advocates.
C)Henry Clay.
D)both "soft-money" and "hard-money" advocates.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 41

Andrew Jackson believed a strong federal government would lead to a strong democracy.

Question 42

As president,Andrew Jackson's first political target was the Bank of the United States.

Question 43

In 1836,Congress passed a "distribution" act that required the federal government to

A)apply a higher tax to foreign bondholders.
B)parcel out Indian land to the states.
C)reward loyal Democrats with government jobs.
D)make pension payments to veterans of the War of 1812.
E)disperse its surplus funds to the states.

Question 44

During the Jacksonian period,political parties were regarded as a threat to democracy.

Question 45

The presidential election campaign of 1840 saw

A)Martin Van Buren drop out of the presidential race.
B)the first influence of the "penny press" in politics.
C)Henry Clay chosen as the Whig presidential candidate.
D)the emergence of the Republican Party.
E)William Henry Harrison serve as the Democratic candidate.

Question 46

By 1840 the actual number of adult white males who voted had risen to 80 percent.

Question 47

President Martin Van Buren's "subtreasury" system

A)was a financial system to replace the Bank of the United States.
B)created a new national bank.
C)never became law.
D)quickly failed.
E)did not pass until his successor's administration.

Question 48

The Peggy Eaton affair improved Andrew Jackson's relationship with John C.Calhoun.

Question 49

In 1836,President Andrew Jackson's "specie circular"

A)resulted in a severe financial panic.
B)was defeated by Congress.
C)was of considerable political benefit to Martin Van Buren.
D)required foreigners doing business in the United States to pay their debts in hard currency.
E)caused a significant rise in prices,especially the price of land.

Question 50

Which statement about the 1842 Webster-Ashburton Treaty is FALSE?

A)It settled the Aroostook War.
B)It resulted in new territory being added to the United States.
C)It included an American pledge not to allow slave ships to land at British ports.
D)It included a British pledge not to interfere with American ships.
E)It significantly improved Anglo-American relations.

Question 51

The "age of Jackson" was notable for the advancement of economic equality in America.

Question 52

The Whig Party was the first national political party.

Question 53

National political conventions were introduced during the Jacksonian period in order to expand the democratic process.

Question 54

As Andrew Jackson's vice president,John C.Calhoun became a strong Jackson opponent.

Question 55

In 1840,William Henry Harrison

A)was,at the time,the youngest man to win the presidency.
B)was a simple frontiersman with little money or resources to his name.
C)died before he took office.
D)was a Republican.
E)was part of a wealthy,large land-owning,frontier elite.

Question 56

Alexis de Tocqueville's study,Democracy in America,was a scathing portrait of the rise of traditional aristocracies in American life.

Question 57

Concern about losing their population to new western states resulted in the loosening up of property requirements for voting in older states.

Question 58

During the Jacksonian era,free blacks could not vote at all in the South and hardly anywhere in the North.

Question 59

In 1841,in the incident with the American ship Creole,the British government

A)supported the rights and freedom of mutinous slaves on the ship.
B)seized the ship because it carried slaves.
C)briefly declared war on American shipping.
D)refused to trade with American shipping companies that carried slaves.
E)returned mutinous slaves to Virginia at the request of President Tyler.

Question 60

The Dorr Rebellion was generally consistent with Jacksonian principles.

Question 61

President Jackson sought to remove all of the eastern Indian tribes except the "Five Civilized Tribes."

Question 62

Calhoun's defense of his doctrine of nullification was directed primarily at the issue of tariffs.

Question 63

In Cherokee Nation v.Georgia,the Supreme Court ruled against the Indian tribe.

Question 64

In the Black Hawk War,white forces attacked Indians as they surrendered and retreated.

Question 65

The case of Charles River Bridge v.Warren Bridge could be interpreted as a victory for the forces of democracy.

Question 66

Opposition to the Bank of the United States came from both "soft-money" and "hard-money" advocates.

Question 67

In 1835,Andrew Jackson appointed John Marshall as the new chief justice of the Supreme Court.

Question 68

The Webster-Hayne debate concerned primarily the issue of the sale of public lands.

Question 69

Andrew Jackson sided with Robert Hayne in the Webster-Hayne debate.

Question 70

The Democrats were more likely than Whigs to oppose legislation establishing banks.

Question 71

Jacksonians were more likely than Whigs to favor territorial expansion.

Question 72

President Jackson was a strong advocate for protecting the autonomy of Indian tribes.

Question 73

In the early nineteenth century,many whites viewed Indians as "noble savages."

Question 74

The well-to-do were more likely to support Whigs than Democrats.

Question 75

The Whigs were more concerned with uniting behind a national leader than defining their political positions.

Question 76

In the 1830s,as a result of removal policies,the United States gained control of more than 100 million acres of Indian lands.

Question 77

President Jackson considered those who favored nullification to be traitors.

Question 78

The results of the election of 1832 could be interpreted as a defeat for both Henry Clay and Nicholas Biddle.

Question 79

Unlike most other tribes,the relocation of the Seminole in Florida was never completed.

Question 80

President Jackson supported the Maysville Road because he believed that all roads made up the nation's transportation network and were,therefore,part of "interstate commerce."