Deck 24: Nationalism, Revolution, and Dictatorship: Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America From 1919 to 1939

Question 1

"Nationalism in Africa,Asia,and Latin America was merely the response to either de facto or de jure Western imperialism." Discuss,pro and con,with examples.

Answer 1

Answer not provided.

Question 2

How did leaders' social class background,religious and ethnic loyalties,and/or Marxist ideas and the success of the Bolshevik Revolution interact to help shape and motivate the anti-colonial nationalist movements? Why did these interactions differ so widely?

Answer 2

Answer not provided.

Question 3

Could Gandhi's non-violence and civil disobedience have succeed against Hitler's Germany or Stalin's Soviet Union? If so,how? If not,why not?

Answer 3

Answer not provided.

Question 4

What difficulties or challenges did the United States pose to the political,social,and economic development of Latin America in the interwar years.Be specific.

Question 5

"The collapse of the Ottoman Empire led directly to the conflicts and challenges facing the Middle East in the early twenty-first century." Discuss pro and con.

Question 6

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Indian National Congress (INC)

Question 7

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Burma's Thakin and the Dutch East Indies' Sarekat Islam

Question 8

What happened during the 1920s and 1930s to change the direction of both political and foreign policy in Japan? Were the changes that major,or did factors that had been there since the 1870s simply become more prominent?

Question 9

In what ways did the ideas and actions of Turkey's Mustapha Kemal compare with those of Mohandas Gandhi in India and the leaders working to enhance Chinese independence? Did Gandhi's presence in India help to offset the divisive impact of communal differences? Why or why not?

Question 10

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Government of India Act

Question 11

Did Turkey and Iran or the Latin American countries accomplish more in the interwar decades? Why,and how? With what results?

Question 12

"Chinese society was simply too large,both in area and population,and too disorganized by decades of mismanagement under the Manchus,to permit the Guomindang,or any other entity,to effectively govern it during the interwar period." Discuss,pro and con.

Question 13

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
satyagraha

Question 14

How did Gandhian ideas and actions compare with those of Nehru and other Indian nationalists? Might Gandhi's ideas,if generally accepted,have averted the development of a separate Muslin League? Why or why not?

Question 15

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Mohandas (Mahatma)Gandhi

Question 16

Would Marx,or Lenin,or Stalin have approved of Mao's "road to socialism"? Why and/or why not?

Question 17

How did the Great Depression affect the developing economies in Asia and Latin America during the interwar years? Which of these two regions was most effected and why?

Question 18

How did traditional beliefs and practices aid and/or hinder the development of "modern" nationalist movements in Africa and Asia? Were these beliefs and practices as influential in this development process as colonial policies and military power? Explain.

Question 19

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
the Amritsar massacre

Question 20

How did the roles and positions of women change in China and Japan during the interwar years? In which of the two countries did women's rights advance most and why?

Question 21

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Young Turks

Question 22

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
the Comintern

Question 23

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Wahhabi movement and Ibn Saud

Question 24

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Syria's Ba'ath Party

Question 25

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Sarda Act and marriage

Question 26

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Mustapha Kemal/Ataturk

Question 27

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Iran's 1906 Constitution

Question 28

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Republic of Turkey

Question 29

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Aramco

Question 30

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Muslim League

Question 31

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Balfour Declaration

Question 32

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
League of Nations' mandates

Question 33

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Gandhi's salt march

Question 34

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Pakistan,"The Land of the Pure"

Question 35

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
T.E.Lawrence

Question 36

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
no fez,no veil,no Shari'a.

Question 37

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Iran's Qajar and Pahlevi dynasties

Question 38

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Jawaharlal Nehru

Question 39

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Palestine and Saudi Arabia

Question 40

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Reza Khan

Question 41

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Tanizaki's Some Prefer Nettles

Question 42

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
the New Culture Movement

Question 43

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Taisho democracy

Question 44

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Ho Chi Minh

Question 45

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
"African road to socialism"

Question 46

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Mei-ling Soong and the New Life Movement

Question 47

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
zaibatsu

Question 48

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Shidehara Diplomacy

Question 49

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
the Northern Expedition and the Long March

Question 50

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
"Down with Confucius and sons"

Question 51

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
People's Liberation Army (PLA)

Question 52

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
warlords

Question 53

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Mao Zedong and the CCP

Question 54

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
"Mr.Sai" and "Mr.De"

Question 55

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
the Nanjing Republic

Question 56

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
May Fourth (1919)Movement

Question 57

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
United Fruit Company and the "banana republics"

Question 58

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
the Guomindang,Sun Yat-sen,and Chiang Kai-shek

Question 59

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Mao Dun's Midnight and Ba Jin's Family

Question 60

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
1922 Washington Conference

Question 61

Many nationalists in European colonies found themselves engulfed in personal turmoil because they

A)were often more Westernized than the countrymen whom they wanted to liberate.
B)had no knowledge of the local traditions.
C)wanted to accept all Western culture.
D)totally rejected any efforts at modernization.
E)were completed undecided about which path to pursue.

Question 62

Nationalist movements

A)all began as traditionalist,religiously based movements.
B)were called "tongs" in China.
C)were usually led by people with extensive knowledge of Western ideas and values.
D)did not begin in Southeast Asia until the 1930s.
E)usually started among elite foreign students on European holiday.

Question 63

Which of the following is/are correctly paired?

A)Harijans¾brahmans
B)Dhoti¾simple garment of coarse home-spun cotton
C)New Party¾Muslim League
D)Gandhi¾Pakistan
E)the British Raj¾ahimsa

Question 64

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Geishas

Question 65

Indian nationalism

A)was initially founded by people who were educated,socially elite urbanites.
B)was sharply divided,Muslim against Buddhist,from the beginning.
C)had an articulate peasant,Sutan Sjahrir,as its first prominent leader.
D)had no organization until the arrival of Gandhi in 1931.
E)was fomented by dissatisfied peasants in the Punjab.

Question 66

The term Mahatma means

A)Commander.
B)Highly Intelligent One.
C)Great Soul.
D)Mighty Savior.
E)salt saver.

Question 67

In appraising the work of Mustapha Kemal Ataturk Atatürk,one can say that

A)he finally succeeded in unifying Persian society.
B)he maintained a strict Islamic consistency in all aspects of Turkish life.
C)he created a secular Turkish state that embraced many of aspects of a modern Western nation.
D)no real change from the traditional Ottoman ways ever occurred under his rule.
E)he retained the Islamic practices that his Ottoman predecessors had adhered to for centuries.

Question 68

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Lázaro Cardenas,land reform and PEMEX

Question 69

The Young Turks

A)were the victims of bad timing,as minority unrest in the Balkans caused the army to step in as well as the desire for ethnic Turks for a Turkish state.
B)were motivated primarily by Islamic zeal.
C)borrowed at least some their ideas from the earlier "Young Greek" movement.
D)established modern Turkey.
E)were exiled to Algeria.

Question 70

The Hindu-dominated nationalist group that was formed in India in 1885 was the

A)Muslim League.
B)New Party.
C)PKI.
D)Bombay Party.
E)Indian National Congress.

Question 71

Under Shah Reza Khan

A)the French were maneuvered into countering pressure from Britain and Germany.
B)the bureaucracies of Iran's government,both civilian and military,were modernized.
C)no progress was made in modernizing the economic infrastructure of the country.
D)the authority of Islamic religious beliefs were destroyed in Iran.
E)foreign influence in Iran was eliminated.

Question 72

Gandhi used the spinning wheel as a symbol of his protest against

A)British religious policies.
B)textile imports from Britain.
C)import duties against wheels of all types.
D)discrimination against Indian women.
E)rickshaw requirements.

Question 73

Most of the early Iranian oil profits went into the hands of

A)the Standard Oil Company.
B)the Shah.
C)French investors.
D)British investors.
E)the Russian government.

Question 74

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Argentina's Juan Peron and Brazil's Getulio Vargas

Question 75

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Diego Rivera and Frieda Kahlo

Question 76

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Mexico's Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)

Question 77

The two goals that anti-imperialist nationalists were forced to choose between were

A)ethnic purity or assimilation.
B)religion or philosophy.
C)urban or rural lifestyles.
D)gender or political equality.
E)modernization or independence.

Question 78

Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Foot binding

Question 79

Gandhi

A)was never imprisoned,in spite of his ongoing political activity.
B)wanted to convince the Pakistanis to leave and,at the same time,to enhance Indian unity.
C)used his march to the sea to try to convince Indians to ignore the increased British salt tax.
D)ultimately abandoned his non-violence tactics.
E)supported the British in World War II.

Question 80

The Turkish Republic changed its society by all of the following except

A)banning the wearing of the fez by men or the traditional Muslim veil by women.
B)giving women the right to vote in 1934.
C)replacing the Shari'ya with a secular civil code.
D)introducing five year plans to enhance state direction of the economy.
E)making Islam the sole religion of the state.