Deck 7: Qualitative and Quantitative Sampling

Question 1

Sam Smith,the CEO of a local TV station,recently conducted a study of TV watchers in his area.He obtained a list of all residential customers from the cable TV company's billing list.He selected customers from the 20 000 households on the billing list by taking every fortieth household.A trained interviewer then visited each household and asked detailed questions about the viewing habits of various family members. How large is Sam Smith's sample?

A)500
B)1000
C)1500
D)2000
E)20 000

Answer 1

500

Question 2

When is it appropriate to use a snowball sampling technique?

Answer 2

●When sampling a network where individuals in the network are connected with one another through direct or indirect linkages
●Often used in combination with purposive sampling
●Often used when a sample's representativeness is not an issue,as is often the case with qualitative research

Question 3

Sam Smith,the CEO of a local TV station,recently conducted a study of TV watchers in his area.He obtained a list of all residential customers from the cable TV company's billing list.He selected customers from the 20 000 households on the billing list by taking every fortieth household.A trained interviewer then visited each household and asked detailed questions about the viewing habits of various family members. What is Sam Smith's sampling ratio?

A)0)002 or 0.2%
B)0)005 or 0.5%
C)0)025 or 2.5%
D)0)050 or 5%
E)0)0002 or 0.02%

Answer 3

0)025 or 2.5%

Question 4

What is the main difference between simple random sampling and systematic sampling?

Question 5

Sam Smith,the CEO of a local TV station,recently conducted a study of TV watchers in his area.He obtained a list of all residential customers from the cable TV company's billing list.He selected customers from the 20 000 households on the billing list by taking every fortieth household.A trained interviewer then visited each household and asked detailed questions about the viewing habits of various family members. What is the sampling frame in Sam Smith's study?

A)Cable television viewers
B)All voters in the community
C)The list of customers from the cable television company
D)All households in the community
E)Adults who own televisions

Question 6

The Toronto Fire Department has hired you to generate an accurate estimate of how many homes have operational fire prevention systems.The Chief Fire Inspector gave you a list of two million residential telephone customers in the city.You sampled every two-thousandth address on the list.You survey each sampled household by telephone. How large is your sample?

A)500
B)1000
C)1500
D)2000
E)2500

Question 7

How do researchers decide on the size of a sample to use in quantitative research?

Question 8

Lucy Lively,a coffee aficionado,wanted to draw a sample of people in Ontario who own an authentic,imported Italian espresso coffee maker.There is no list of such people,and there is no reason to believe that they know each other.What type of sampling should Lucy use?

A)Selective case sampling
B)Snowball sampling
C)Simple random sampling
D)Purposive sampling
E)Quota case sampling

Question 9

What is the population in random-digit dialing (RDD)? Does it avoid sampling frame problems?

Question 10

According to the central limit theorem used in inferential statistics,

A)the bigger your sample,the better your results.
B)when drawing many random samples,the samples form a normal curve with the highest point of the distribution equal to the population parameter.
C)the best estimate of population parameters comes when one uses the inverse square of the z-probability distribution.
D)90 percent of all samples drawn in a simple random manner will contain some error.
E)in order to infer from a sample to a population,the sampling error must equal zero.

Question 11

An example of a sampling technique where everyone in the target population is counted is

A)a quota sample.
B)a census.
C)a haphazard sample.
D)a nonrandom sample.
E)a sequential sample.

Question 12

Using an example,how can you get a sampling interval from a sampling ratio? What type of sampling is the sampling interval used with?

Question 13

The Young Children's Charity of Eastern Canada would like an accurate estimate of how much it costs to raise a child between the ages of 2 and 12 each year for its fundraising campaign.The organization hired you to find out how much households spent on raising a child in 2011.The charity gave you a list of four million residential telephone customers in the area.You sampled every four-thousandth address on the list.You survey each sampled household by telephone. In this study,each residential telephone customer is your

A)sampling frame.
B)observation unit.
C)sampling element.
D)sampling unit.
E)sampling interval.

Question 14

Why is it important to have an accurate sampling frame?

Question 15

Sampling error is based on which of the following?

A)Sample size
B)Amount of diversity in sample
C)Sampling ratio
D)A & C
E)A & B

Question 16

In what situations is it appropriate to use a purposive sampling technique?

Question 17

Adam Andrews of the Quit Today Institute wants to know how many students at the local university smoke cigarettes.Adam obtains a list of phone numbers for every student enrolled at the college from the Dean.He selects students from the 24 000 on the list by taking every fiftieth student,giving him a sample of 480 students. What sampling method is Adam Smith using?

A)Simple random
B)Systematic
C)Disproportionate
D)Cluster
E)Stratified

Question 18

What is the basic difference between random and nonrandom sampling procedures?

Question 19

What three basic steps need to be taken when drawing a systematic sample?

Question 20

What steps are involved when drawing a cluster sample? Illustrate your answer with an example and also a summary of how you obtained the sample of 240 respondents.

Question 21

Market researcher Tanya Tanika wants to test whether men like a new flavour of yogurt,which tastes like cigar smoke and beer,more than women do.She distributes samples at a grocery store,including 50 samples in blue cups to adult males and 50 samples in pink cups to adult females shopping alone.Afterward,she checks shelves and garbage cans to locate the used blue and pink cups and measures whether more waste (i.e.,uneaten yogurt)was left in blue or pink cups.What type of sampling was used in the study?

A)Random
B)Quota
C)Stratified
D)Snowball
E)Cluster

Question 22

Professor Mary Mancini studied class level and drinking behaviour at Rocky Mountain University in Red Deer,Alberta.At Rocky Mountain,every student is required to live in one of six 20-story dormitories,and every student has a single room.All dormitory room phone numbers begin with the prefix 747 or 757 .She used the student telephone directory and,after a random start,selected every fifteenth student.She then mailed a questionnaire to the 1000 students selected and had two follow-up postcard reminders.A total of 900 students returned questionnaires.Later,Professor Mancini asked the university registrar's office whether any students were omitted from the directory. What type of sampling did Professor Mancini use?

A)Stratified
B)Quota
C)Cluster
D)Systematic
E)Simple random

Question 23

Professor Mary Mancini studied class level and drinking behaviour at Rocky Mountain University in Red Deer,Alberta.At Rocky Mountain,every student is required to live in one of six 20-story dormitories,and every student has a single room.All dormitory room phone numbers begin with the prefix 747 or 757 .She used the student telephone directory and,after a random start,selected every fifteenth student.She then mailed a questionnaire to the 1000 students selected and had two follow-up postcard reminders.A total of 900 students returned questionnaires.Later,Professor Mancini asked the university registrar's office whether any students were omitted from the directory. About how many students are listed in the Rocky Mountain University student telephone directory?

A)2000
B)10 000
C)15 000
D)20 000
E)35 000

Question 24

Which of the following terms denotes the practice of adjusting the sampling ratio at various stages in the process of cluster sampling?

A)probability proportionate to size
B)cluster ratio adjustment
C)sampling stratification
D)proportional systematic sampling
E)sampling distribution

Question 25

Professor Johnny Jones draws a systematic sample of 350 churches from all churches and religious institutions in the three Pacific coast states of the continental U.S.and British Columbia.His sampling frame has 35 000 institutions. What is the sampling interval?

A)0)001
B)0)01
C)0)10
D)10
E)100

Question 26

If a confidence interval ranges from 72 to 76 per cent,what is the implicit margin of error?

A)2
B)4
C)6
D)19/20
E)74

Question 27

Professor Mary Mancini studied class level and drinking behaviour at Rocky Mountain University in Red Deer,Alberta.At Rocky Mountain,every student is required to live in one of six 20-story dormitories,and every student has a single room.All dormitory room phone numbers begin with the prefix 747 or 757 .She used the student telephone directory and,after a random start,selected every fifteenth student.She then mailed a questionnaire to the 1000 students selected and had two follow-up postcard reminders.A total of 900 students returned questionnaires.Later,Professor Mancini asked the university registrar's office whether any students were omitted from the directory. What is Mary Mancini's sampling frame?

A)The drinking behaviour of students
B)Students both in the directory and not in the directory
C)The student telephone directory
D)Rocky Mountain University
E)The class levels

Question 28

Which of the following terms best describes people who engage in illegal or concealed activities such that very often a researcher must use purposive sampling in order to find them?

A)Hidden population
B)Target population
C)Moving target
D)Cluster
E)Sociogram

Question 29

Professor Mary Mancini studied class level and drinking behaviour at Rocky Mountain University in Red Deer,Alberta.At Rocky Mountain,every student is required to live in one of six 20-story dormitories,and every student has a single room.All dormitory room phone numbers begin with the prefix 747 or 757 .She used the student telephone directory and,after a random start,selected every fifteenth student.She then mailed a questionnaire to the 1000 students selected and had two follow-up postcard reminders.A total of 900 students returned questionnaires.Later,Professor Mancini asked the university registrar's office whether any students were omitted from the directory. What is Professor Mancini's target population?

A)All students living in Red Deer,Alberta
B)All students enrolled in Rocky Mountain University
C)Students who drink alcohol
D)All residents of Red Deer,Alberta
E)Students who have roommates

Question 30

Karen Simmons was curious to know whether her fellow Torontonians were more likely to shop at small,locally-owned store,or big-box stores like Walmart.To satisfy her curiosity,Karen stood on the sidewalk in front of her condo building and asked passers by about their consumer practices.What kind of sampling technique did Karen use?

A)Random sampling
B)Cluster sampling
C)Quota sampling
D)Haphazard sampling
E)Simple random sampling

Question 31

Marcus McDonald is a qualitative researcher who studies people with agoraphobia.Rather than generating a purposive sample,Marcus decides to interview persons with agoraphobia until his interviews no longer yield new information.What point will Marcus have to reach before he can stop conducting interviews?

A)Confidence point
B)Theoretical saturation
C)Tipping point
D)Redundancy
E)Qualitative completion

Question 32

Professor Bobby Birdfeather wants to study how people join a small extremist political organization dedicated to right-wing causes.He first interviews recent recruits and asks who introduced him/her to the organization.He next interviews the named person and asks who introduced him/her to the organization,and so on.What kind of sampling is this?

A)Snowball
B)Systematic
C)Deviant case
D)Accidental
E)Cluster

Question 33

A __________ is to a sample what a ___________ is to a population.

A)parameter; statistic
B)statistic; parameter
C)frame; census
D)census; frame
E)cluster; quota

Question 34

Postdoctoral fellow Walter Waters used nonrandom sampling in his study of successful scientists.He knew most got excellent grades in high school and university,excelled in mathematics,and had a strong interest in science from a very young age.For his study,he was interested in sampling those who were successful as adult scientists but did poorly in high school,did average or worse in math classes,and showed little interest and aptitude in science until they reached university.What type of sampling was he using?

A)Snowball
B)Theoretical
C)Sequential
D)Deviant case
E)Quota

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT something a researcher's decision about the best sample size depends on?

A)The degree of variability or diversity in the population
B)The magnitude of the population
C)The number of different variables studied simultaneously in data analysis
D)The degree of accuracy required
E)None of the above

Question 36

What are sociograms used to depict?

A)Sampling sequences
B)Deviant cases and hidden populations
C)Networks of relationships
D)Sample statistics
E)Population parameters

Question 37

Professor Johnny Jones draws a systematic sample of 350 churches from all churches and religious institutions in the three Pacific coast states of the continental U.S.and British Columbia.His sampling frame has 35 000 institutions. What is the sampling ratio?

A)0)001
B)0)01
C)0)10
D)10
E)100

Question 38

_____ combines characteristics of the sample,such as the sample's size,with the central limit theorem for the purpose of accurately predicting specific ranges around a population parameter.

A)A confidence interval
B)Deviant case sampling
C)A sampling distribution
D)The sampling ratio
E)Probability proportionate to size (PPS)

Question 39

What is the type of sampling that seeks a representative sample using theories from mathematics called?

A)Nonrandom sampling
B)Quota sampling
C)Probability sampling
D)Deviant case sampling
E)Theoretical sampling

Question 40

Janet Jones wants to know how many of her classmates completed professional degrees after graduating in 2008.Janet obtains contact information for the graduating class of 2008 from the registrar.The list has 4000 names.After a random start,Janet contacts every eightieth graduate.What is her sampling ratio?

A)0)5 percent
B)1)25 percent
C)2)0 percent
D)4)0 percent
E)50 percent

Question 41

Define the following:
probability proportionate to size (PPS)

Question 42

Define the following:
haphazard sampling

Question 43

Define the following:
quota sampling

Question 44

Define the following:
inferential statistics

Question 45

Define the following:
purposive sampling

Question 46

Define the following:
population

Question 47

Define the following:
deviant case sampling

Question 48

Define the following:
random sample

Question 49

Define the following:
random-digit dialing (RDD)

Question 50

Define the following:
sample

Question 51

Define the following:
random number table

Question 52

Define the following:
hidden populations

Question 53

Define the following:
census

Question 54

Define the following:
margin of error

Question 55

Define the following:
nonrandom sample

Question 56

Define the following:
confidence intervals

Question 57

Define the following:
central limit theorem

Question 58

Define the following:
parameter

Question 59

Define the following:
probability sampling

Question 60

Define the following:
cluster sampling

Question 61

Define the following:
sampling distribution of sample means

Question 62

Define the following:
simple random sampling

Question 63

Define the following:
sampling element

Question 64

Define the following:
stratified sampling

Question 65

Define the following:
theoretical sampling

Question 66

Define the following:
target population

Question 67

Define the following:
sampling distribution

Question 68

Define the following:
sampling error

Question 69

Define the following:
systematic sampling

Question 70

Define the following:
sequential sampling

Question 71

Define the following:
theoretical saturation

Question 72

Define the following:
sampling ratio

Question 73

Define the following:
sociogram

Question 74

Define the following:
statistic

Question 75

Define the following:
sampling frame

Question 76

Define the following:
snowball sampling

Question 77

Define the following:
sampling interval