Deck 6: Interactions Between Cells and The Extracellular Environment

Question 1

____________ transport does not require membrane proteins.

A)Facilitated diffusion
B)Bulk
C)Simple diffusion
D)Active

Answer 1

C

Question 2

____________________ is a term which describes a membrane that allows only certain molecules to penetrate it.

A)Selectively permeable
B)Permeable
C)Porous
D)Countertransport

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Matrix metalloproteinases

A)degrade the basal lamina.
B)synthesize collagen in the extracellular matrix.
C)may be active in invasive cancer cells.
D)synthesize proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Simple diffusion is the net diffusion of a solvent.

Question 5

80% of the extracellular fluid is termed interstitial fluid.

Question 6

Osmosis and simple diffusion do NOT require the actions of carrier proteins.

Question 7

Active transport

A)utilizes energy.
B)cannot transport molecules against a concentration gradient.
C)cannot be saturated.
D)requires cofactors.

Question 8

How much of the extracellular fluid makes up the blood plasma?

A)33%
B)92%
C)20%
D)50%

Question 9

___________________ comprise an important family of enzymes that can break down extracellular matrix proteins but require a zinc ion cofactor.

A)Matrix metallohydrolases
B)Matrix phosphokinases
C)Matrix metalloproteinases
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 10

Active transport proceeds when energy is expended.

Question 11

The extracellular matrix is made up of collagen, elastin, and a gel-like ground substance.

Question 12

What cofactor do matrix metalloproteinases need to be functional?

A)calcium
B)copper
C)chromium
D)zinc

Question 13

________ are a class of glycoproteins that bind to components in the extracellular matrix thereby acting as adhesion molecules between cells and the matrix.

A)Glycocalyces
B)Aquaporins
C)Desmosomes
D)Integrins

Question 14

Proteins that extend from the cytoskeleton within the cell, through the plasma membrane, and into the extracellular matrix are

A)lysosomal proteins.
B)metallo proteins.
C)receptor proteins.
D)integrin proteins.

Question 15

Diffusion ____________ the entropy of a solution.

A)decreases
B)increases
C)does not change

Question 16

Passive transport of water is known as

A)filtration.
B)osmosis.
C)facilitated diffusion.
D)a water pump.

Question 17

How much of the total body water content is intracellular?

A)50%
B)67%
C)33%
D)80%

Question 18

The process in which waste molecules are removed from the blood by having them diffuse through an artificial porous membrane is called dialysis.

Question 19

A solution consists of a ____________ which dissolves the _____________.

A)solvent, solute
B)solvent, solid
C)solute, solvent
D)liquid, solid

Question 20

The majority of water within the body is found in the

A)intracellular compartment.
B)extracellular compartment.
C)blood plasma.
D)interstitial fluid.

Question 21

A one molar solution would contain 6.02 * 10²³ molecules of solute.

Question 22

The osmotic pressure exerted by a cell would decrease if the cell synthesized more proteins.

Question 23

The rate of diffusion increases as the concentration gradient increases.

Question 24

Individuals suffering from cystic fibrosis have defective ____________ ion channels.

A)sodium
B)potassium
C)calcium
D)chloride

Question 25

___________ g of sucrose (molecular weight = 342g) would be added to 1L of water to produce a 2.5 Osm solution.

A)342
B)500
C)855
D)2.5

Question 26

Which of the following is able to passively penetrate the plasma membrane?

A)O₂
B)small charged particles
C)large polar molecules
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 27

A six molar sucrose (molecular weight = 342g) solution would contain

A)57g sucrose per liter.
B)342g sucrose per liter.
C)1026g sucrose per liter.
D)2052g sucrose per liter.

Question 28

Edema will result if a person has an abnormally low concentration of plasma proteins.

Question 29

Ion channels that can be opened by physiological stimuli are said to be

A)polar.
B)aquaporins.
C)hypertonic.
D)gated.

Question 30

Which of the following cells do NOT normally have many aquaporins in their plasma membranes?

A)kidneys
B)lungs
C)salivary glands
D)skin

Question 31

Diffusion is more rapid in cells with microvilli compared to cells lacking microvilli.

Question 32

The rate of diffusion is influenced by

A)the concentration gradient.
B)membrane permeability.
C)membrane surface area.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 33

Hydrophobic molecules usually enter a cell via ___________.

A)osmosis
B)active transport
C)diffusion
D)protein channels

Question 34

The osmotic pressure of a solution is directly related to its ___________ concentration.

A)water
B)solute
C)solvent
D)matrix

Question 35

Channels present in the membranes of some cells that allow rapid movement of water are called

A)water tubes.
B)aqueducts.
C)aquaporins
D)streams.

Question 36

Gas exchange between the cells and extracellular fluid utilizes active transport.

Question 37

A 0.5M glucose (molecular weight = 180g) contains ____________ grams of glucose per liter.

A)90
B)180
C)6.02 * 10²³
D)360

Question 38

Dialysis uses the process of

A)facilitated diffusion.
B)primary active transport.
C)simple diffusion.
D)secondary active transport.

Question 39

A one molal NaCl solution has the same osmolality as a one molal glucose solution.

Question 40

Solutes that cannot freely pass through a membrane are said to be

A)hypertonic.
B)osmotically inactive.
C)osmotically active.
D)selectively permeable.

Question 41

A solution freezing at -1.98 ^$\circ$ C

A)is hypotonic to plasma.
B)is isotonic to plasma.
C)is hypertonic to plasma.
D)is not related to plasma.

Question 42

A cell placed in a 9% saline solution (molecular weight = 58.5g) would

A)lyse.
B)crenate.
C)not change.
D)swell.

Question 43

One mole of solute per liter depresses the freezing point of water by -1.86 ^$\circ$ C.

Question 44

Cells placed in hypotonic solutions will

A)decrease in volume.
B)increase intracellular solute concentration.
C)increase in volume.
D)lose water to the solution.

Question 45

The transport maximum is related to the property known as

A)competition.
B)saturation.
C)specificity.
D)inhibition.

Question 46

The amount of water in a cell placed in a 0.8 Osm solution would

A)decrease.
B)increase.
C)remain constant.

Question 47

Freezing-point depression is a measure of osmolality.

Question 48

A 0.1 Osm plasma sample would

A)stimulate the action of osmoreceptors.
B)be hypertonic to the cells.
C)stimulate an increase in blood volume.
D)inhibit the release of antidiuretic hormone.

Question 49

Glycosuria occurs when the ____________ of the renal glucose transport protein is exceeded.

A)transport minimum
B)transport maximum
C)saturation level
D)Both transport maximum and saturation level are correct.

Question 50

Glucose entry into the cell is by facilitated diffusion.

Question 51

Antidiuretic hormone is released by the posterior pituitary in response to increased plasma osmolality.

Question 52

Plasma freezes at

A)-1.86 ^$\circ$ C.
B)-1.00 ^$\circ$ C.
C)-0.56 ^$\circ$ C.
D)0.00 ^$\circ$ C.

Question 53

The osmolality of plasma is

A)0.3 Osm.
B)0.1 Osm.
C)1.0 Osm.
D)2.0 Osm.

Question 54

A 10% dextrose solution is isotonic to plasma.

Question 55

What type of intravenous fluid would be given to reduce edema?

A)hypertonic
B)isotonic
C)hypotonic

Question 56

Hypertonic solutions stimulate cellular lysis.

Question 57

Osmoreceptors are involved in the regulation of blood volume.

Question 58

Protein carrier mediated transport of molecules display

A)specificity.
B)competition.
C)saturation.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT true of a person who is dehydrated?

A)plasma osmolality increases
B)hypothalamus stimulates release of ADH
C)ADH causes the kidneys to excrete water
D)increased osmolality causes thirst

Question 60

A solution with an osmolality four times greater than plasma would freeze at ___________.

A)-0.56 ^$\circ$ C.
B)-1.12 ^$\circ$ C.
C)-1.68 ^$\circ$ C.
D)-2.24 ^$\circ$ C.

Question 61

Secondary active transport often occurs as a coupled transport process.

Question 62

In secondary active transport, if the other substance is moved in the same direction as Na⁺, it is called

A)cotransport.
B)symport.
C)antiport.
D)Both cotransport and symport are correct.

Question 63

Facilitated diffusion of a molecule into a cell would be more rapid if

A)the concentration of the molecule in the cell increased.
B)the concentration of water in the cell decreased.
C)the concentration of the molecule outside the cell increased.
D)the cell was isotonic.

Question 64

Glucose transported via the GLUT carrier is characterized as

A)active transport.
B)passive transport.
C)co-transport.
D)receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Question 65

Active transport proteins are often regulated by phosphorylation.

Question 66

The transport of molecules out of the urinary filtrate and into the blood is called

A)absorption.
B)reabsorption.
C)countertransport.
D)symport.

Question 67

Which of the following is NOT true of hypoglycemia?

A)It can result in death.
B)It may be due to diabetes.
C)It is characterized by high plasma glucose levels.
D)Both it can result in death and it may be due to diabetes are correct.

Question 68

The glucose carrier of skeletal muscle is designated as

A)GLUT2.
B)GLUTSk.
C)GLUT4.
D)GLUT5.

Question 69

What type of functional complex will prohibit paracellular transport?

A)tight junctions
B)adherens junctions
C)desmosomes
D)gap junctions

Question 70

Facilitated diffusion is unable to transport molecules against a concentration gradient.

Question 71

Desmosomes are a type of junctional complex.

Question 72

Active transport carriers are also called

A)vesicles.
B)channels.
C)pumps.
D)receptors.

Question 73

The Na⁺/K⁺ pump

A)is an example of primary active transport.
B)generates a positive membrane potential.
C)actively transports 2 potassium ions out of the cell.
D)actively transports 3 sodium ions into the cell.

Question 74

The calcium pump is also an ATPase enzyme.

Question 75

Poisoning the Na⁺/K⁺ pump would

A)generate a more negative membrane potential.
B)increase cellular permeability to Na⁺.
C)inhibit secondary active transport.
D)increase cellular permeability to K⁺.

Question 76

Poisoning the Na⁺/K⁺ pump would cause the volume of the cell to ___________.

A)increase
B)decrease
C)remain the same

Question 77

The Na⁺/K⁺ pump transports _______ into the cell and ________ out of the cell per cycle.

A)3Na⁺, 2K⁺
B)2Na⁺, 3K⁺
C)3K⁺, 2Na⁺
D)2K⁺, 3Na⁺

Question 78

Which of the following is NOT a primary active transport pump?

A)GLUT4
B)calcium pump
C)sodium/potassium pump
D)proton pump

Question 79

Secondary active transport

A)utilizes energy directly.
B)often utilizes symport proteins.
C)always uses the influx of sodium ions.
D)is only important in the kidney.

Question 80

Which of the following is a function of the steep Na⁺/K⁺ gradient across the cell membrane?

A)provides energy for coupled transport
B)creates electrochemical impulses
C)maintains osmotic pressure
D)All of these choices are correct.