Deck 13: Restoration Ecology

Question 1

The restoration of an ecosystem that involves allowing invasive species to thrive in order to contribute to the ecological series in a damaged environment is called _________.

A)a novel ecosystem
B)a non-native ecosystem
C)a mixed ecosystem
D)an incomplete ecosystem

Answer 1

a novel ecosystem

Question 2

All of the following are things that can be done toward ecological restoration except

A)Pick up litter
B)Replant native species
C)Remove invasive species
D)Grow a garden
E)Burn unwanted vegetation

Answer 2

Burn unwanted vegetation

Question 3

The restoration of Nonsuch Island in Bermuda has been very successful, particularly in preserving the

A)Pine martin
B)Bermuda cahow
C)Bermuda cedar
D)Forest lynx
E)Long-tailed tropic bird

Answer 3

Bermuda cahow

Question 4

Which of the following would NOT be included in wetland restoration?

A)Salinity control
B)Reestablishing plant and animal diversity
C)Weed removal
D)Reestablishing hydrologic connections
E)Selective cutting

Question 5

The word "mitigation" has come to mean to

A)Let nature heal itself
B)Partially restore an ecosystem
C)Restore or create an ecosystem in exchange for a similar, damaged one
D)Move to a new environment when one has been damaged
E)Use natural processes to treat sewage water

Question 6

Wetlands are critical for wildlife survival because they

A)Are highly productive and are sources of food
B)Allow animals to cool off
C)Contain few, but rare, species
D)Provide vast amounts of habitat
E)All of these are correct

Question 7

The first nationwide restoration project in Africa is now taking place in

A)Rwanda
B)Uganda
C)Kenya
D)South Africa
E)Nairobi

Question 8

The majority of the mixed grass section of the Great Plains has been converted to

A)Oak savanna
B)Tallgrass prairie
C)Crop lands
D)Grazing lands
E)Wetlands

Question 9

Protection of our forests depends on all of the following, except

A)Allowing natural fires to burn
B)Removal of dense undergrowth
C)Using prescribed fires where necessary
D)Cutting down the largest trees in fire-prone areas
E)None of these is correct

Question 10

One of the reasons that it is difficult to restore an oak savanna is that

A)Too many weedy species take over the oak saplings
B)There are no natural fires to control vegetation due to human development of the areas
C)Too many trees are cut down illegally for their timber value
D)Too many wild animals destroy the bark of the trees
E)There is not enough suitable land remaining

Question 11

A buffalo commons is an area where

A)Bison and other native wildlife can roam freely
B)Bison are raised and sold for slaughter
C)Cattle and bison can graze together
D)Bison currently graze, but their habitat is shrinking due to development
E)Bison move from one wildlife preserve to another through a narrow strip of preserved land

Question 12

________________ uses chemical, physical, or biological methods to remove pollution.

A)Remediation
B)Reclamation
C)Mitigation
D)Restoration
E)Rehabilitation

Question 13

In the United States, most reforestation projects result in

A)Huge amounts of biomass, which is then burned to produce energy
B)Large old-growth forests
C)Monoculture forests
D)Small deciduous forests with a large variety of tree types
E)None of these is correct

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a main component of restoration of any ecosystem?

A)Replanting
B)Monitoring
C)Controlling invasive species
D)Removing physical stressors
E)Removal of indigenous peoples

Question 15

Restoration draws on which of the following fields of science the most?

A)Ecology
B)Hydrology
C)Soil science
D)Ecology and hydrology
E)All of these are correct

Question 16

The first wildlife refuge established in the United States was

A)Pelican Island
B)Arctic National
C)Yellowstone
D)Rocky Flats
E)Baskett Slough

Question 17

Efforts to repair or reconstruct ecosystems are known as

A)Land stewardship
B)Conservation reserve programs
C)Landscape ecology
D)Restoration ecology
E)Mitigation

Question 18

Some of the advantages of planting trees in cities are that they

A)Act as noise barriers
B)Provide shade
C)Improve air quality
D)Improve the aesthetics
E)All of these are correct

Question 19

The predominant tree species in an oak savanna is the

A)Live oak
B)Bur oak
C)White oak
D)Red oak
E)All of these are equally common in an oak savanna

Question 20

A pioneer in restoration ecology who planted as many as 6,000 trees every year was

A)Gifford Pinchot
B)Theodore Roosevelt
C)Eli Whitney
D)Aldo Leopold
E)John Wesley Powell

Question 21

"Brown fields" is another name for

A)Tallgrass prairies
B)Degraded wetlands
C)Prairies converted into croplands
D)Abandoned, contaminated industrial sites
E)Abandoned, contaminated surface mines

Question 22

Compare and contrast the two methods that are currently being used to preserve shortgrass prairies in Montana.

Question 23

Brandon noticed that next to a construction site of a new shopping mall there was a new man-made pond.This artificial wetland/pond was constructed to _________.

A)collect polluted storm water run-off from the parking lot in order to prevent it from getting into the natural streams and rivers.
B)flood control and nothing else
C)to make a habitat for Canadian geese
D)to make the shopping area look more visually appealing

Question 24

In Vermont, most of the land is currently being used for sheep farming.

Question 25

The American Forestry Association suggests that each person plant one tree per year in order to compensate for tree loss in urban areas.

Question 26

To use a site to create a new and different kind of biological community rather than the existing one is known as reallocation.

Question 27

Stream restoration techniques include all of the following except

A)Using small amounts of dynamite to unclog waterways
B)Creating fish habitat
C)Planting ground cover on uplands to reduce erosion
D)Placing dams in streams to deflect current away from the banks
E)Narrowing a stream to increase its speed

Question 28

Creating a new wetland where one has been destroyed is referred to as

A)wetland rehabilitation
B)wetland restoration
C)wetland mitigation
D)wetland reclamation
E)bioremediation

Question 29

Restoring coastal marshes has become a priority in protecting coastal cities from

A)Hurricanes
B)Flooding
C)Invasive species
D)Both hurricanes and flooding
E)All of these

Question 30

The former Berkely mine pit in Butte, Montana is now a 300 m-deep lake with a pH of

A)2.5
B)4.0
C)5.5
D)7.0
E)9.7

Question 31

Stabilizing banks is an important component of stream restoration.Which of the following is NOT a method of bank stabilization?

A)Using mulch
B)Using rocks
C)Supporting with rock walls
D)Supporting with tree trunks
E)Adding soil so that the slope is at least 45 degrees

Question 32

The most influential American forester was Aldo Leopold.

Question 33

Artificial wetlands can be used for

A)Filtering and treating sewage effluent
B)Cooling of industrial water
C)Recreation
D)Collecting storm runoff
E)All of these are correct

Question 34

Using intense physical or chemical methods to clear and repair severely degraded or barren sites is called _________.

A)reclamation
B)resurgence
C)system reparation
D)restoration

Question 35

Bioremediation is a restoration strategy that

A)brings in different species to see which ones will thrive best in a polluted area
B)determines that a contaminated site is healthy because one species can thrive on it
C)uses living organisms such as plants and bacteria to eliminate toxins from the ecosystem
D)is a labor-intensive process where contaminated soil must be removed and replaced before plants and animals can grow

Question 36

The majority of coastal wetland loss in the United States is due to

A)Loss of estuaries in the northeast
B)Levees that guide the Mississippi River out into the Gulf of Mexico
C)Evaporation due to global warming
D)Development
E)Draining and filling to provide storm barricades

Question 37

From the 1950s to the 1970s, approximately 500,000 acres of wetlands were lost per year.

Question 38

Problems encountered in the Florida Everglades due to modification of the natural flow of water include

A)Loss of 90 percent of wading bird populations in Everglades National Park
B)Water shortages in many cities during the dry season
C)Increased number of hurricanes
D)Loss of 90 percent of wading bird populations in Everglades National Park and water shortages in many cities during the dry season
E)All of these are correct

Question 39

Wetlands control flooding by

A)Temporarily storing water
B)Diverting water to other drainage basins
C)Evaporating most of the water
D)Helping rain flow faster into rivers
E)All of these methods

Question 40

Radioactive materials have been successfully removed from the soil near the Chernobyl nuclear power plant using

A)Sunflowers
B)Poplar trees
C)Expensive soil removal and extraction methods
D)Mustard greens
E)None of these as there is no way to remove radioactive materials safely from soil

Question 41

Describe at least three methods that may be used in restoring streams.What is the main purpose of each method? List the benefits associated with each of these techniques.