Deck 12: Social Psychology

Question 1

Attitudes do not influence behavior.People do not need consistency between their attitudes and their behavior.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The reciprocity of liking effect is a tendency to like those who like us.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

People who are highly involved and motivated use central-route processing to comprehend a message.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

People's response to events that threaten or challenge them is known as catharsis.

Question 5

Self-fulfilling prophecies are expectations about the occurrence of a future event or behavior that act to increase the likelihood that the event or behavior will occur.

Question 6

Groups exert considerable social influence over individuals,ranging from the mundane to extreme cases.

Question 7

Ethnocentrism,according to social identity theory,means that people use stereotypes to judge others.

Question 8

According to psychologist Robert Sternberg,love consists of three parts: decision/commitment,intimacy,and passion.

Question 9

Culture has nothing to do with how we attribute others' behavior.

Question 10

"Thin slices of behavior" help us make judgments of people that are accurate and that match those of people who make judgments based on longer snippets of behavior.

Question 11

One of the dominant focuses in social psychology during the last few years has been on learning how we come to understand what others are like,and how we explain the reasons underlying others' behavior.

Question 12

According to observational learning approaches to stereotyping and prejudice,the behavior of parents,other adults,peers,and the media shapes children's feelings about members of various groups.

Question 13

Persuasion is the process of changing attitudes,one of the central concepts of social psychology.

Question 14

Prejudice relates to behavior about a group and its members,whereas discrimination relates to attitudes directed to a group and its members.

Question 15

Instinct theories propose that aggression is primarily the outcome of innate urges.

Question 16

Milgram's experiment did not reach a significant conclusion about obedience.

Question 17

Oversimplifying the world is known as prejudice.

Question 18

According to social identity theory,we use group membership as a source of pride and self-worth.

Question 19

Frustration-aggression theory suggests that frustration produces anger,leading to a readiness to act aggressively.

Question 20

Common stereotypes and forms of prejudice involve religious,racial,and ethnic groups.

Question 21

Perceived causes of behavior that are based on internal traits or personality factors are called _____________ of behavior.

A)attributions
B)situational causes
C)dispositional causes
D)causes

Question 22

A phenomenon in which an initial understanding that a person has positive traits is used to infer other uniformly positive characteristics is called the _____________.

A)assumed-similarity bias
B)halo effect
C)self-serving bias
D)fundamental attribution error

Question 23

The theory of personality that seeks to explain how we decide,on the basis of samples of an individual's behavior,what the specific causes of that person's behavior are is known as ____________ theory.

A)cause
B)attribution
C)dispositional
D)situational

Question 24

Strong stressors that occur suddenly and typically affect people simultaneously are known as cataclysmic events.

Question 25

The scientific study of how people's thoughts,feelings,and actions are affected by others is called __________ psychology.

A)humanistic
B)social
C)psychodynamic
D)behavioral

Question 26

If Joann loses her job and cannot find work to support her children,she is likely experiencing a personal stressor.

Question 27

The way people understand and make sense of others and themselves is known as __________.

A)schemas
B)social cognition
C)impression formation
D)central traits

Question 28

The major traits considered in forming impressions of others are called __________.

A)schemas
B)social cognition
C)impression formation
D)central traits

Question 29

The process by which an individual organizes information about another person,in order to form an overall impression of that person,is called _____________.

A)schemas
B)social cognition
C)impression formation
D)central traits

Question 30

The branch of psychology focusing on work and job-related issues,including worker motivation,satisfaction,safety,and productivity,is known as _____________ psychology.

A)social
B)industrial-organizational
C)psychodynamic
D)humanistic

Question 31

Message interpretation characterized by thoughtful consideration of the issues and arguments used to persuade is called _________________ processing.

A)central route
B)peripheral route
C)visual
D)auditory

Question 32

Perceived causes of behavior that are based on environmental factors are called _______________ of behavior.

A)attributions
B)situational causes
C)dispositional causes
D)causes

Question 33

The term psychosomatic was dropped because people assumed that the disorders were somehow unreal.

Question 34

The tendency to think of people as being similar to oneself,even when meeting them for the first time,is known as _________________.

A)assumed-similarity bias
B)halo effect
C)self-serving bias
D)fundamental attribution error

Question 35

The conflict that occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes or thoughts is called ____________.

A)behavior conflict
B)attitude conflict
C)behavioral dissonance
D)cognitive dissonance

Question 36

Daily hassles are known as personal stressors.

Question 37

Sets of cognitions about people and social experiences are called ____________.

A)schemas
B)social cognition
C)impression formation
D)central traits

Question 38

Psychophysiological disorders are actual medical problems that are influenced by an interaction of psychological,emotional,and physical difficulties.

Question 39

____________ are evaluations of a particular person,behavior,belief or concept.

A)Attitudes
B)Persuasions
C)Central route processing
D)Peripheral route processing

Question 40

Message interpretation characterized by consideration of the source and related general information rather than of the message itself is called ___________ processing.

A)central route
B)peripheral route
C)visual
D)auditory

Question 41

The tendency to attribute personal success to personal factors (skill,ability,or effort)and to attribute failure to factors outside oneself is known as __________________.

A)assumed-similarity bias
B)halo effect
C)self-serving bias
D)fundamental attribution error

Question 42

Behavior directed toward individuals on the basis of their membership in a particular group is called _____________.

A)prejudice
B)stereotype
C)social role
D)discrimination

Question 43

A negative (or positive)evaluation of a particular group and its members is called a ___________.

A)prejudice
B)stereotype
C)social role
D)discrimination

Question 44

The strong affection we have for those with whom our lives are deeply involved is known as ____________ love.

A)passionate
B)compassionate
C)romantic
D)endless

Question 45

The process by which the actions of an individual or group affect the behavior of others is known as ______________.

A)conformity
B)social influence
C)obedience
D)norms

Question 46

A(n)___________ is an expectation regarding behavior appropriate to the group.

A)Conformity
B)Social influence
C)Obedience
D)Norm

Question 47

A phenomenon in which victims of major catastrophes or strong personal stressors feel long-lasting effects that may include re-experiencing the event in vivid flashbacks or dreams is called _________________.

A)background stressors
B)cataclysmic stressors
C)personal stressors
D)post-traumatic stress disorder

Question 48

A set of generalized beliefs and expectations about a particular group and its members is known as a ________________.

A)prejudice
B)stereotype
C)social role
D)discrimination

Question 49

The intentional injury of,or harm to,another person is called ___________.

A)release
B)aggression
C)violence
D)catharsis

Question 50

A change in behavior in response to the commands of others is known as _________.

A)conformity
B)compliance
C)obedience
D)discrimination

Question 51

A tendency to over-attribute others' behavior to dispositional causes and the corresponding minimization of the importance of situational causes is known as ______________.

A)assumed-similarity bias
B)halo effect
C)self-serving bias
D)fundamental attribution error

Question 52

Positive feelings for others such as liking or loving is called a(n)______________ or close relationship.

A)interpersonal attraction
B)unconditional positive regard
C)prosocial behavior
D)love setting

Question 53

Behavior that occurs in response to direct social pressure is known as ___________.

A)conformity
B)compliance
C)obedience
D)social roles

Question 54

Helping behavior that is beneficial to others but clearly requires self-sacrifice is known as _______________.

A)catharsis
B)altruism
C)prosocial
D)diffusion

Question 55

The process of discharging built-up aggressive energy is known as ___________.

A)release
B)violence
C)aggression
D)catharsis

Question 56

A state of intense absorption in someone that includes intense physiological arousal,psychological interest,and caring for the needs of another is called _____________ love.

A)passionate
B)compassionate
C)romantic
D)endless

Question 57

The behaviors that are associated with people in a given position are known as ______________.

A)conformity
B)social influence
C)obedience
D)social roles

Question 58

The tendency for people to feel that responsibility for acting is shared,or diffused,among those present is known as the ______________ of responsibility.

A)onus
B)diffusion
C)nature
D)element

Question 59

A change in behavior or attitudes,brought about by a desire to follow the beliefs or standards of other people,is known as ______________.

A)conformity
B)social influence
C)obedience
D)norms

Question 60

The Implicit Association Test (IAT)measures ____________,and permits a more accurate assessment of people's attitudes towards members of different groups.

A)prejudice
B)discrimination
C)stereotypes
D)social roles

Question 61

Perceived causes of behavior that are based on environmental factors are called _______________ of behavior.

Question 62

A phenomenon in which an initial understanding that a person has positive traits is used to infer other uniformly positive characteristics is called the _____________.

Question 63

___________ is people's response to events that threaten or challenge them.

A)Stress
B)Conformity
C)Persuasion
D)Post-traumatic stress disorder

Question 64

Symptoms of ___________ also include emotional numbing,sleep difficulties,interpersonal problems,alcohol and drug abuse,and suicide.

A)stress related illness
B)post-traumatic stress disorder
C)hyperactive stress disorder
D)stress induced traumatic disorder

Question 65

Ultimately,our attempts to overcome stress may produce biological and psychological responses that result in __________ problems.

A)social
B)health
C)sexual
D)physical

Question 66

The branch of psychology focusing on work and job-related issues,including worker motivation,satisfaction,safety,and productivity,is known as _____________ psychology.

Question 67

The tendency to attribute personal success to personal factors (skill,ability,or effort)and to attribute failure to factors outside oneself is known as __________________.

Question 68

Message interpretation characterized by consideration of the source and related general information,rather than of the message itself,is called ___________ processing.

Question 69

A tendency to over-attribute others' behavior to dispositional causes and the corresponding minimization of the importance of situational causes is known as ______________.

Question 70

The tendency to think of people as being similar to oneself,even when meeting them for the first time,is known as _________________.

Question 71

____________ are evaluations of a particular person,behavior,belief or concept.

Question 72

Message interpretation characterized by thoughtful consideration of the issues and arguments used to persuade is called _________________ processing.

Question 73

The conflict that occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes or thoughts is called ____________.

Question 74

The way people understand and make sense of others and themselves is known as __________.

Question 75

The process by which an individual organizes information about another person to form an overall impression of that person is called _____________.

Question 76

The scientific study of how people's thoughts,feelings,and actions are affected by others is called __________ psychology.

Question 77

Perceived causes of behavior that are based on internal traits or personality factors are called _____________ of behavior.

Question 78

The major traits considered in forming impressions of others are called __________.

Question 79

Sets of cognitions about people and social experiences are called ____________.

Question 80

The theory of personality that seeks to explain how we decide,on the basis of samples of an individual's behavior,what the specific causes of that person's behavior are is known as ____________ theory.