Deck 10: Nonwage Issues in Bargaining

Question 1

Contracts do not specify the union's representation rights.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Renegotiation of a long-term contract frequently requires that disciplinary action records from before a certain point be removed from employees' files.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Renegotiating long-term contracts is found to be easier when global competition is great.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Employers try to avoid one-year contracts because they believe short contracts lead to lower employee morale.

Question 5

High grievance rates are associated with increased productivity.

Question 6

The Fair Labor Standards Act was enacted to regulate wages,hours,and working conditions of private sector employers involved in interstate commerce.

Question 7

Employees who are entitled to an overtime premium are often referred to as exempt employees.

Question 8

Committing a violation means an offender will be automatically discharged.

Question 9

Some contracts allow employees to refuse more than a specified number of overtime hours per week.

Question 10

Work design involves determining what tasks,duties,and responsibilities are bundled together and assigned to a particular employee.

Question 11

Union shop requires that employers hire only union members.

Question 12

In most contracts,management reserves the right to act in areas not constrained by the agreement.

Question 13

The Davis-Bacon Act was intended to stimulate expanded employment.

Question 14

Unions want newly created jobs placed within their jurisdiction.

Question 15

Under the drive system,the production floor was controlled by supervisors.

Question 16

Labor flexibility is greater in companies without unions.

Question 17

The scientific management system included a hierarchical organizational and supervisory structure in which rank-and-file workers had a major say in the workplace.

Question 18

Since unionized employers are generally less able to use flexible staffing arrangements,their ability to subcontract is affected to a large extent.

Question 19

Managements never demand a no-strike agreement in return for arbitrating unresolved grievances.

Question 20

Unionized workers work more hours than nonunion workers in more heavily unionized sectors of the economy.

Question 21

Under the drive system,the production floor was controlled by _____.

A) unions
B) rank-and-file employees
C) board of directors
D) supervisors

Question 22

Which of the following is an exogenous change?

A) Introduction of a new technology
B) Innovation in products or services
C) Changes in competitive products and services
D) Changing goals and objectives of new managers

Question 23

The lower the weight given to -,the lower the turnover rates.

Question 24

Which of the following is true of the work design after industrial revolution?

A) The level of needed skill requirements increased
B) Production was highly labor-intensive
C) Job specialization was implemented
D) All products were produced by a single individual

Question 25

The federal government regulated _____ for civil servants during President Van Buren's administration and imposed overtime penalties for employers beginning in the 1930s.

A) work hours
B) free riding
C) bumping
D) dues checkoff

Question 26

Firms that implement HPWOs have:

A) worse financial performance.
B) more contingent workers.
C) lower productivity.
D) higher wage levels.

Question 27

Competitive-status seniority is related to entitlement to bargaining-unit-wide benefits established in the contract.

Question 28

Which of the following acts was enacted to regulate wages,hours,and working conditions of private sector employers involved in interstate commerce?

A) Davis-Bacon Act
B) Walsh-Healy Act
C) Occupational Safety and Health Act
D) Fair Labor Standards Act

Question 29

Union campaigns for shorter work hours have been a priority since the early 1800s,with the _____ proposing an eight-hour day after the Civil War.

A) Fair Labor Standards Act
B) Davis-Bacon Act
C) National Labor Union Act
D) Walsh-Healy Act

Question 30

Which of the following is true of the work design prior to industrial revolution?

A) Production was highly labor-intensive
B) Any complex product required the least skills
C) All the production processes involved the use of machinery
D) All products were produced at very low prices

Question 31

Which of the following statements is true about the corporatist environment following World War II?

A) Wage rates were not associated with specific jobs.
B) Rank-and-file employees had a lot of responsibility for workplace decision making.
C) Supervisory control was substantially checked by the union compared to the drive system.
D) It was not possible for a person to be temporarily transferred to a job with higher levels of responsibilities.

Question 32

Right-to-work laws have a significantly negative effect on union density in the private sector.

Question 33

As the amount of goods sold increased during the industrial revolution,_____ was implemented,and skill requirements for market production work dropped quickly.

A) unionization
B) collective bargaining
C) price control
D) job specialization

Question 34

Which of the following is an endogenous change?

A) State of the economy
B) Changing goals and objectives of new managers
C) Changes in competitive products and services
D) Changes in laws and regulations

Question 35

Which of the following techniques require substantially more knowledge and skill in tracking inventories,measuring quality,and determining how production activities will be undertaken?

A) Cell-manufacturing
B) Bumping
C) Free riding
D) Union shop

Question 36

Which of the following is true of a corporatist environment?

A) Specific jobs were established,and promotion structures were defined.
B) Firms refused to have work designs that required firm-specific skills.
C) Firm-specific skills led to decreased production quality and/or efficiency.
D) Jobs were relatively broad,but employee experience decreased productivity.

Question 37

Turnover in nonunion organizations is greater than that in unionized employers with equivalent jobs.

Question 38

Agency shop requires that any bargaining-unit employee employed with the firm for a specific time must become a union member as a condition of continued employment.

Question 39

Ford established and operated a(n)_____ to monitor employee effort and to quickly identify pockets of malcontents in the workforce.

A) internal security force
B) five needs theory
C) human relations approach
D) management by objectives approach

Question 40

Frederick Taylor introduced "_____" to design work in the most efficient way possible given the capital equipment in use.

A) management by objectives
B) high-performance work organizations
C) scientific management
D) the human relations movement

Question 41

Which of the following is true about contracts?

A) Long-term contracts are the easiest to negotiate,if economic environments are changing.
B) Renegotiating long-term contracts are the hardest when global competition is the least.
C) Employers try to avoid one-year contracts because it leads to higher employee morale.
D) Most contracts have automatic renewal provisions if not renegotiated.

Question 42

Which of the following clauses specify rights to direct the workforce,establish production levels,and frame appropriate company rules and policies?

A) Management rights
B) Labor rights
C) Benefits rights
D) Union rights

Question 43

In what way did employers benefit by the enforcement of the Davis-Bacon and Walsh-Healy acts?

A) Employers could insulate employees from union disciplinary action for nonpayment of dues.
B) Employers would save by hiring more employees.
C) Employers would save by having existing employees work overtime.
D) Employers could ensure a smooth cash flow for the local union's financial operations.

Question 44

New administrative rules increasing the amounts that employees must earn in order to be exempt from overtime were issued in 2004 by the _____.

A) House of Representatives
B) U.S.Chamber of Commerce
C) Congress
D) Department of Labor

Question 45

According to the administrative rules issued by the Department of Labor in 2004:

A) all employees,regardless of wage scales,were to receive overtime.
B) all supervisors were reclassified as nonexempt.
C) any job that was paid on an hourly basis was classified as nonexempt.
D) jobs requiring primary manual work changed classifications.

Question 46

Except in states with _____ laws,contracts may contain agency or union-shop clauses.

A) right-to-work
B) work-to-rule
C) rank-and-file
D) high-performance work

Question 47

Many contracts require that if unauthorized work stoppages like wildcat strikes occur,the:

A) union will disavow the strike and urge employees to return to work.
B) management will acknowledge the strike and not urge employees to return to work.
C) union will acknowledge the strike and not urge employees to return to work.
D) management will disavow the strike and not urge employees to return to work.

Question 48

Most contracts specify that when parties cannot agree on the disposition of a grievance,a _____ will arbitrate the dispute and render a decision binding on both parties.

A) senior manager
B) neutral third party
C) business agent
D) steward

Question 49

Which of the following is true about outsourcing and unions?

A) It leads to free riding by unions.
B) It reduces pressure for concessions for existing members.
C) It threatens job security for union members.
D) It enables unions to ask for higher wages.

Question 50

_____ procedures are a high-priority bargaining issue for unions because they allow employees to object to unilateral management action during the term of the agreement.

A) Grievance
B) Selection
C) Disciplinary
D) Discharge

Question 51

When is renegotiating long-term contracts harder?

A) When global competition is the least
B) Where buyer or seller concentration in the industry is low among larger employers
C) When there are periods of low inflation
D) Where capacity utilization varies during the contract period

Question 52

High grievance rates are associated with _____.

A) decreased levels of conflict
B) increased organizational performance
C) decreased productivity
D) better technology

Question 53

Which of the following best describes a union shop?

A) It requires that any bargaining-unit employee who is not a union member must pay a service fee to the union for its representation activities.
B) It requires that employers hire only union members.
C) It requires that any bargaining-unit employee who becomes a union member must remain one as a condition of continued employment as long as the contract remains in effect.
D) It requires that any bargaining-unit employee employed with the firm for a specific time must become a union member as a condition of continued employment.

Question 54

If employees continue a wildcat strike,many contracts specifically:

A) hire replacement workers.
B) encourage the strike.
C) permit these employees to be discharged.
D) fire its leaders.

Question 55

Why were the Davis-Bacon and Walsh-Healy acts enforced?

A) To prohibit employees in different types of jobs from demanding overtime premium payment after 40 hours per week
B) To pay wages lower than those paid in the local area or industry for jobs like government contract construction work or producing manufactured goods for the federal government
C) To impose fines on the firms that encouraged employees to work beyond 40 hours per week
D) To stimulate expanded employment and take wages out of competition for federal government work

Question 56

Which of the following is true about a closed shop?

A) It requires that any bargaining-unit employee who was hired after a date specified in the agreement must become a union member within a specific time as a condition of continued employment.
B) It requires that any bargaining-unit employee employed with the firm for a specific time must become a union member as a condition of continued employment.
C) It requires that employers hire only union members.
D) It requires that any bargaining-unit employee who is not a union member must pay a service fee to the union for its representation activities.

Question 57

In firms where continuous-flow operations are most efficient or where product demand levels and heavy plant investment justify multishift operations,_____ specify work schedule assignment rules.

A) grievance procedures
B) maintenance of memberships
C) management rights clauses
D) contracts

Question 58

Which of the following is true about the Davis-Bacon and Walsh-Healy acts?

A) It required the payment of wages lower than those paid in the local area or industry for the federal government work.
B) It imposed fines on employers who encouraged employees to work overtime.
C) It required employers to abstain from hiring more employees.
D) It required overtime premiums after 40 hours per week for employees in the same types of jobs as are covered by the FLSA.

Question 59

Which of the following contracts are most difficult to negotiate,especially if economic environments are changing?

A) One-year contracts
B) Long-term contracts
C) Flextime contracts
D) Temporary contracts

Question 60

_____ shop requires that any bargaining-unit employee who was hired after a date specified in the agreement must become a union member within a specific time as a condition of continued employment.

A) Open
B) Union
C) Modified union
D) Agency

Question 61

Write a short note on Taylorism.

Question 62

Some contracts permit _____,whereby a senior employee is entitled to displace a junior employee in another department or job as long as the senior employee is qualified for it.

A) free riding
B) bumping
C) benefit-status seniority
D) competitive-status seniority

Question 63

State _____ enable a preliminary test of whether union membership is influenced by the efficiency of the local union,because individuals can choose whether to join.

A) hiring laws
B) work-to-rule laws
C) corporate laws
D) right-to-work laws

Question 64

Explain bumping.

Question 65

Why was the Fair Labor Standards Act enacted?

Question 66

Why are grievance procedures a high-priority bargaining issue for unions? Explain with an example.

Question 67

Which of the following is true about dues checkoff?

A) It permits workplace disruptions involved in collection.
B) It restricts any form of protection to employees from union disciplinary action for nonpayment of dues.
C) It ensures a smooth cash flow for the local union's financial operations.
D) It allows the union to demand extra dues over the usual dues collected by the employers.

Question 68

Which of the following acts prohibits negotiating a mandatory retirement age?

A) Employee Free Choice Act
B) Age Discrimination in Employment Act
C) Old Age Security Act
D) Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act

Question 69

Which of the following refers to union representation without paying dues?

A) Free riding
B) Bumping
C) Dues checkoff
D) Accretion

Question 70

Explain the drive system.

Question 71

What does a modified union shop require?

Question 72

Competitive status seniority is more likely to be _____ when the employer is small and capital intensive,in a single-employer bargaining unit,and when the production technology requires substantial training by the employer.

A) departmentwide
B) regionwide
C) industrywide
D) companywide

Question 73

What is a dues checkoff? How does it benefit all parties?

Question 74

_____ relates to entitlement to bid on promotions and transfers and to avoid layoffs.

A) Bumping
B) Competitive-status seniority
C) Benefit-status seniority
D) Mediation

Question 75

What are benefit-status seniority and competitive-status seniority related to?

Question 76

Explain high-performance work organizations (HPWO).

Question 77

Which of the following is true about union influences on hiring?

A) Unionized employers use the most number of recruiting sources and methods,even with the availability of more applicants from chosen sources.
B) Minorities are a lower proportion of new hires in unionized organizations as compared to nonunion organizations.
C) Employers that actively promote unionization will screen out prounion applicants.
D) For lower-skilled jobs,a unionized employer will have a larger pool from which to select.

Question 78

Which of the following is the requirement of an agency shop?

A) It requires that any bargaining-unit employee who becomes a union member must remain one as a condition of continued employment as long as the contract remains in effect.
B) It requires that any bargaining-unit employee employed with the firm for a specific time must become a union member as a condition of continued employment.
C) It requires that any bargaining-unit employee who was hired after a date specified in the agreement must become a union member within a specific time as a condition of continued employment.
D) It requires that any bargaining-unit employee who is not a union member must pay a service fee to the union for its representation activities.

Question 79

What is a closed shop? Explain.

Question 80

_____ requires that any bargaining-unit employee who becomes a union member must remain one as a condition of continued employment as long as the contract remains in effect.

A) Maintenance of membership
B) Modified union shop
C) Open shop
D) Agency shop