Deck 5: Unions: Member and Leader Attitudes, Behaviors, and Political Activities

Question 1

Even with low job satisfaction,continued employment is necessary to engage in local union activities.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Free riding increases the resources the union has to provide services to the employees it represents.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Interactional justice perceptions refer to how the member sees the relationships between leaders and members and how fairly "in" and "out" groups are dealt with.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Employers ultimately are responsible for operating the union and bargaining with the management.

Question 5

Union commitment is predicted most strongly by pro-union attitudes which are strongly influenced by union instrumentality perceptions.

Question 6

Free riding in federal employee unions is rare.

Question 7

Over time,local union member participation may be decreased by bureaucratization of union activities through the administration of the contract.

Question 8

Pro-union attitudes are strong predictors of union commitment.

Question 9

In unionized employment,an individual's commitment to the union and the employer has been found to be interdependent.

Question 10

Union activists tend to be more satisfied with their employment.

Question 11

Federal law allows union or agency shop requirements in negotiated agreements.

Question 12

Business agents make employees aware of union activities and try to get new members involved.

Question 13

Marxist work beliefs independently contribute to higher feelings of satisfaction.

Question 14

Local union leaders have higher job satisfaction than nonparticipating members.

Question 15

The union's willingness to encourage democracy appears to be greater when it is faced with a hostile employer.

Question 16

Unions usually negotiate union security clauses into collective bargaining agreements.

Question 17

All else being equal,greater commitment to union goals increases the union's economic and political effectiveness.

Question 18

Free riding occurs when there is no union shop or required agency fee.

Question 19

In unionized environments,individuals are simultaneously employees and union members.

Question 20

Commitment to the union is behaviorally reflected in participating,espousing union goals,and persuading others to join and work toward those goals.

Question 21

Local officers are less positive about the fairness of national union elections than that of local elections.

Question 22

Which of the following is behaviorally reflected in participation,espousing union goals,and persuading others to join and work toward the goals?

A) Commitment
B) Globalization
C) Service
D) Lobbying

Question 23

Which of the following positively influences new members' attitudes toward the union and their later commitment to the union's programs and activities?

A) Globalization
B) Socialization
C) Right-to-work contract
D) Yellow-dog contract

Question 24

The labor movement has generally opposed the liberalization of trade policies,particularly where negotiated labor standards are not included in trade agreements.

Question 25

Who amongst the following are responsible for reducing stress in the work unit by acting as buffers between management and workers?

A) Field representatives
B) The government
C) Board of directors
D) Stewards

Question 26

Union political action appears to be more successful in influencing legislation in peripheral areas of interest than in central areas of interest.

Question 27

Evidence indicates demographic diversity is decreasing rapidly in unionized workplaces.

Question 28

_____ appears to be related both to individual differences and to a positive labor relations climate.

A) Member seniority
B) Dual commitment
C) Union affiliation
D) Need for safety from the union

Question 29

Which of the following activities involve the union's role as a bargaining agent?

A) Attending meetings
B) Voting in officer elections
C) Running for office
D) Voting on contract ratifications

Question 30

_____ make employees aware of union activities and try to get new members involved.

A) Stewards
B) Field representatives
C) Business agents
D) Employers

Question 31

Member commitment and participation may vary substantially depending on the local employment environment and the _____ of the union.

A) size
B) history
C) affiliation networks
D) governance structure

Question 32

Commitment is higher where employees perceive they have greater job influence and an active,cooperative _____ program is operating.

A) labor-management
B) social service
C) wage and benefits
D) employee referral

Question 33

It is important to note the negative relationship between union participation and job satisfaction measures as moderated by _____.

A) governmental policies
B) federal regulations
C) labor relations climate
D) steward leadership abilities

Question 34

If there is a(n)_____ agreement in the contract,new employees will be required to join immediately after the probationary period.

A) open shop
B) yellow-dog
C) right-to-work
D) union shop

Question 35

A(n)_____ relationship between the union and the employer will be more likely to create a perceived need for union protection.

A) adversarial
B) cooperative
C) passive
D) democratic

Question 36

Which kinds of employees may be more willing to free ride than the others?

A) Employees who are socialized into the union
B) Employees who are less attached to their occupations
C) Employees who fear arbitrary employer actions
D) Employees who develop feelings of union solidarity

Question 37

Stewards reduce stress in the work unit by acting as buffers between management and workers.

Question 38

Medium-sized unions spend less per capita on political action than smaller or larger unions.

Question 39

Which of the following is true about stewards?

A) Stewards explain to employees how the union and the collective bargaining agreement are disadvantageous.
B) Stewards make employers aware of union activities and try to forbid new members from getting involved.
C) To demonstrate majority support to represent employees,stewards must be able to explain to present and potential members the gains the union has previously negotiated.
D) Personal contact by the steward in socializing new members to the union appears to be of least significance than formal programs.

Question 40

Which of the following factors is associated with higher rates of free riding?

A) Lower education levels
B) Higher earnings
C) Employment in a blue-collar occupation
D) Being younger,white,or a woman

Question 41

The labor movement has generally opposed the liberalization of trade policies,particularly where _____ are not included in trade agreements.

A) dumping approvals
B) negotiated labor standards
C) closed shop agreements
D) sweat shop approvals

Question 42

Unions representing employees in the _____ sector allocate the greatest proportion of dues toward political activity.

A) public
B) citizen
C) private
D) voluntary

Question 43

_____ commitment to the union was predicted by low economic outcomes,perceived involvement in the union,and lack of support from the employer.

A) Unilateral
B) Dual
C) No
D) Parallel

Question 44

Which of the following was apparently a reason for organized labor to oppose the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)?

A) Lack of environmental and employment safeguards in Mexico
B) Small gaps between U.S.and Canadian wages
C) Concerns regarding a country gaining competitive advantage through higher costs resulting from not attending to worker welfare
D) Small gaps between U.S.and Mexican wages

Question 45

_____ are committed strongly to the labor movement,but are less positive about the fairness of national union elections than local elections.

A) Employers
B) Local officers
C) Business agents
D) Presidents

Question 46

Which of the following is true about stewards?

A) Private sector stewards often have less power than those in the public sector.
B) Stewards are responsible to higher union officers for communicating information and leaders' positions to work-unit members.
C) Stewards gain power from formal rights in the contract.
D) Stewards who are committed to union goals have more role conflict between their positions as employees and union representatives than do individuals who are stewards for personal reasons.

Question 47

Unions receive more favorable treatment from the _____ during Democratic administrations.

A) FMCS
B) NLRB
C) NRAB
D) NMB

Question 48

_____ occurs when goods are sold below their production costs.

A) Stock-out
B) Globalization
C) Spillover
D) Dumping

Question 49

Which of the following is true of dumping?

A) Dumping decreases the supply available in what is likely an already depressed market,further increasing prices and the likelihood that domestic producers will be able to survive.
B) Where dumping is proved,tariffs are added to the price of dumped products to discourage the practice and even the playing field.
C) Dumping occurs when goods are sold above their production costs.
D) Dumping happens most frequently in industries where there are low fixed costs.

Question 50

Which of the following was related to stewards' positive perceptions about the employer's supervisors,promotional opportunities,and the union's influence on the employer;and beliefs that the grievance procedure is not a tool to punish supervisors?

A) Dual commitment
B) Exclusive union commitment
C) Exclusive employer commitment
D) No commitment

Question 51

_____ was predicted by involvement in union decision making,perceived lack of outside job opportunities,influence on the employer,being a woman,and being unskilled.

A) No commitment
B) Unilateral commitment to the union
C) Unilateral commitment to the employer
D) High dual commitment

Question 52

Stewards who receive training on _____ are more supportive of the union as an organization and are better able to address and support the needs of co-workers.

A) financial management
B) business insights
C) organizational citizenship
D) national legislations

Question 53

Unions oppose the importation of goods and services that were produced in _____.

A) sweat shop conditions
B) free trade areas
C) free economic zones
D) offshore locations

Question 54

The ratification and implementation of _____ provides a good example against which to examine union objections and efforts.

A) North American Free Trade Agreement
B) General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
C) World Trade Organization
D) Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

Question 55

Since the founding of the _____,the core of the American labor movement has taken a consistently business-oriented approach.

A) Knights of Labor
B) Change to Win Federation
C) American Federation of Labor
D) National Labor Union

Question 56

Which of the following is a basic form that union political action takes?

A) Allowing dumping
B) Forbidding volunteer work by union members in campaigns
C) Providing financial support to candidates opposing union positions
D) Endorsing candidates and get-out-the-vote efforts

Question 57

_____ committees vigorously raise money to disperse for electoral politics and lobbying.

A) Political action
B) Negotiation
C) Congressional
D) Grievance

Question 58

Which of the following is true about the election of local officers?

A) If the local represents several occupations,the numerically nondominant occupation is likely to elect the officers.
B) Where no occupation constitutes a majority,coalitions will develop depending on their perceptions of how local officers are achieving important outcomes for them.
C) When the local union has contracts with several employers,and if the employees of one employer constitute a minority,they are likely to elect officers from that group.
D) When the local union has contracts with several employers,and if there are a number of bargaining units,union officers would probably attempt to negotiate a no-employer agreement.

Question 59

How can economic gains be secured?

A) By allowing employers to pass labor costs increases on to consumers
B) By disallowing the formation of independent labor unions
C) By allowing only a fixed number of employees to join labor unions
D) By increasing wages and competitive labor costs much faster than employee productivity

Question 60

One of the most important changes in the economic environment that labor unions have had to deal with is the increasing _____ of the production of goods and services.

A) privatization
B) localization
C) globalization
D) economization

Question 61

Support for candidates for reelection is related directly to _____ voting records.

A) roll-call
B) incumbent
C) employer
D) opposition

Question 62

List the forms that union political action can take.

Question 63

Which factor positively influences pro-labor votes?

A) Corporate PAC donations to the incumbent's election opponent
B) The proportion of the labor force that is women
C) The ADA rating of the senator
D) The percentage of the populace voting Republican in the most recent presidential election

Question 64

Unions have traditionally opposed legislation which advocated for _____.

A) providing a legal path to citizenship
B) increasing the minimum age
C) improved health and safety conditions
D) unemployment extensions

Question 65

What are the factors associated with higher rates of free riding?

Question 66

When endorsements are given,organized labor always supports _____ Party candidates.

A) Republican
B) Democratic
C) Incumbent
D) Conservative

Question 67

Evidence indicates that greater political activity by _____ is positively related to higher salary levels and more employment jobs.

A) private sector employers
B) multinational organizations
C) trade associations
D) public sector unions

Question 68

One factor that strongly influences the level of financial support for candidates is the committee assignment of _____.

A) nonmembers
B) work-unit members
C) Congress members
D) local unions

Question 69

Briefly explain why organized labor was opposed to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).

Question 70

Briefly explain endorsements and get-out-the-vote drives.

Question 71

How can the union secure economic gains? Explain the ramifications.

Question 72

Briefly describe the concept of free riding and its ramifications.

Question 73

The _____ takes political positions on important employment issues such as civil rights,worker safety,collective bargaining rights,and the like.

A) EBSA
B) AFL-CIO
C) OSHA
D) Job Corps.

Question 74

_____ is related to the closeness of an incumbent's committee assignment to interests of labor,voting record,and electoral security.

A) Support
B) Leadership
C) Dumping
D) Globalization

Question 75

Which of the following is true about the financial aspects of unions?

A) Unions representing employees in the public sector allocate the smallest proportion of dues toward political activity.
B) Medium-sized unions spend less per capita on political action than smaller or larger unions,and spending decreases as dues increase.
C) Local union officers contribute the least.
D) Political contributions by rank-and-file members are quite modest.

Question 76

What happens to the election of local officers when the local union has contracts with several employers?

Question 77

Explain officer commitment to the labor movement.

Question 78

Explain union dues and how it is moderated due to differences in political activity preference.

Question 79

Briefly outline union member participation and satisfaction.